A escola como lócus de produção e reprodução de normas: apropriação de políticas oficiais em uma unidade do CEETEPS

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Commercial bank financing for micro-enterprises and SMEs in Mexico

Includes bibliography.

Cultura organizacional: uma análise da microempresa familiar informal

Analyze possible relationships between the bankruptcy and the family structure of informal micro-enterprises in Fortaleza city, Brazil. The analysis began with a research among micro-entrepreneurs who were beneficiaries of PROFITEC loans in bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy situation in 1997-1999 period. Evaluate whether the overlap of family and professional relationship inside the organizational structure of those micro-enterprises is a factor leading to bankruptcy. The comparative analysis divides the micro-enterprises into two groups: one that which had complied with the loan obligations (abiding firms) and another which had not (non-abiding firms). The analysis pointed out the familiar structure as having positive and negative influences over organizational work in both groups. The research also realized that those groups of family informal micro-enterprises do not recognize the professional problems related to the family, giving room for managerial conflicts related to the compliance, work time and use of profit. We cannot say that family structure of the informal microenterprises is the decisive cause for non-abidance, since there are also family firms which have the same disadvantages of both groups, but are complying with their obligations. The personal relationships in the informal family firms, however, define good practices and behaviors that definitely affect their operations.

International For-Profit Investments in Microfinance Institutions Equity

Purpose: The purpose of this document is to review the funding options for Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), define the size of the holdings of international investors in MFI equity and in particular the MFIs listed in stock exchanges, analyze the characteristics of these subset of the financial world and study the stock exchange evolution of some listed MFIs amid the financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach: Since academic literature on listed MFI equity is virtually inexistent, most of the information has been obtained from the World Bank, annual accounts of the listed MFIs, stock exchanges and from equity research documents. Findings and Originality/value: Microfinance Institutions share several common characteristics that make them a resilient business and the few MFIs that are listed in stock exchanges seem to have performed better in the financial crisis. Microfinance can be considered as one of the new frontiers of the expansion of the global banking industry. Practical implications: Presently, international for-profit investors have very few ways of investing in microfinance equity. Most of the equity of the MFI equity is funded locally or thanks to the local public sector. The stock exchange listing of the MFIs should drive MFIs towards a more professional management, more transparency and better governance. Social implications: Microfinance Institutions provide credit to microenterprises in poor countries that have no other alternative sources of external capital to expand its activity. If global investors could easily invest in the listed equity of the MFIs these institutions would expand its lending books and would improve its governance, part of the population living in poor areas or with lower income could ameliorate its standard of living. Originality/value: The number of Microfinance Institutions that are professionally run like commercial banks is still scarce and even more scarce are the MFI listed in public stock exchanges. Therefore the published literature on the characteristics and performance of the listed equity of the Microfinance Institutions is extremely reduced. But microfinance assets are rapidly growing and MFIs will need to list their equity in stock exchanges to sustain this expansion.

Product design in the context of the social needs in less industrialised economies

This thesis is related to the subject of technical innovation, specifically to the activity of design in microenterprises operating in less industrialised economies. Design here is understood as a process, which is not the sole domain of formally trained categories such as engineers, architects or industrial designers. The 'professional boundary' discussion in this investigation is perceived as secondary as, in this context, products are designed, copied or adapted by workers, entrepreneurs themselves, or directly by the poor community. Design capacity at this level is considered to be important both in relation to the conception of capital and consumer goods and to the building up of technical knowledge. Although professional design emerged in Latin America little over three decades ago, this activity has remained marginalised throughout industry. Design activity tends to be concentrated in some product categories in the formalised industrial sector. For microenterprises operating informally, industrial design appears to be unknown. The existing literature pays little attention to 'informal design' capacity. Other areas of knowledge, such as development economies, recognise the importance of microenterprises and technological capability but neglect the potential role of industrial design in small manufacturing units. The management literature, though it focuses on technical innovation and design, has also paid little attention to 'informal design'. In less industrialised economies this neglect is felt by the lack of programmes specifically tailored to create or stimulate 'informal design'. There is a need for recognition of 'informal design' capacity and for the implementation of programmes which specifically target design as a central activity in the manufacturing firm, independent of their size and technological capability. Addressing 'design by the poor for the poor', requires a down-to-earth approach.

Identificación y construcción del perfil de las microempresas del departamento de Cuscatlán potenciales usuarios del Centro de Desarrollo de Micro y Pequeñas Empresas sede Ilobasco (CDMYPE-Ilobasco), en el año 2015

El sector micro empresarial en El Salvador afronta numerosos problemas que impiden el aumento de la competitividad y desarrollo de este. Para solventar la situación a la que se están enfrentando las Microempresas, surge el Centro de Desarrollo de Micro y Pequeñas Empresas (CDMYPE) que busca dar apoyo a través de capacitaciones y asesorías a los microempresarios; pero el no tener identificadas a las Microempresas específicamente a las que están domiciliadas en el departamento de Cuscatlán impide la construcción de un perfil para este sector y que el CDMYPE-ILOBASCO institución que atiende a este departamento, pueda ofrecer sus servicios a los microempresarios. De ahí la necesidad de realizar la investigación titulada “Identificación y construcción del perfil de las Microempresas del departamento de Cuscatlán potenciales usuarios de Centro de Desarrollo de Micro y Pequeñas Empresas sede Ilobasco (CDMYPE-ILOBASCO) en el año 2015”; con la aplicación del método científico y la metodología aplicada que permitió conocer las características de las Microempresas del departamento de Cuscatlán, mediante la recopilación de la información; y proceder así al análisis de los resultados para la construcción del perfil de los potenciales usuarios del CDMYPE-ILOBASCO. Los resultados de la investigación y la construcción del perfil permitirán aumentar el número de Microempresas atendidas por el CDMYPE-ILOBASCO; y con el apoyo recibido por esta institución las Microempresas puedan mejorar y fortalecer sus áreas estratégicas, su forma de reacción ante el entorno y aumentar así sus ventas y nivel de empleo, generando impacto económico para el departamento. ABSTRACT The micro enterprise sector in El Salvador faces many problems that prevent increasing the competitiveness and development of this. To overcome the situation they are facing Microenterprise arises Development Center of Micro and Small Enterprises (CDMYPE) which seeks to support through training and advisory services to microentrepreneurs; but not having identified Microenterprise specifically those that are domiciled in the department of Cuscatlán prevents the construction of a profile for this sector and the CDMYPE-ILOBASCO institution that attends this department, can offer their services to microentrepreneurs. Hence the need from research entitled "Identification and construction of the profile of Microenterprises from department Cuscatlán potential users Development Center Micro and Small Enterprises headquarters Ilobasco (CDMYPE-ILOBASCO) in the year 2015"; with the application of scientific method and the methodology applied that allowed to know the characteristics of the Microenterprise of department Cuscatlán, by collecting information; and thus proceed to the analysis of the results, to build the profile of potential users of CDMYPE-ILOBASCO. The results of research and profile construction of will allow increase the number of Microenterprises served by the CDMYPE-ILOBASCO; and with the support received by this institution the Microenterprises can improve and strengthen its strategic areas, their way of reaction before the environment and increase their sales and employment levels, generating economic impact for the department.