Adolescence: A useful concept for this millennium

‘Adolescence’ has become increasingly recognised as a nebulous concept. Previous conceptualisations of adolescence have adopted a ‘deficit’ view, regarding teenagers as ‘unfinished’ adults. The deficit view of adolescence is highly problematic in an era where adulthood itself is difficult to define. The terms ‘kidult’ or ‘adultescent’ have emerged to describe adult-age people whose interests and priorities match those of their teenage counterparts. Rather than relying on ‘lock-step’ models of physical, cognitive and social growth put forward by developmental psychology, adolescence can be more usefully defined by looking at the common experiences of people in their teenage years. Common experiences arise at an institutional level; for example, all adolescents are treated as the same by legal and education systems. The transition from primary to secondary schooling is a milestone for all children, exposing them to a new type of educational environment. Shared experiences also arise from generational factors. Today’s adolescents belong to the millennial generation, characterised by technological competence, global perspectives, high susceptibility to media influence, individualisation and rapid interactions. This generation focuses on teamwork, achievement, modesty and good conduct, and has great potential for significant collective accomplishments. These generational factors challenge educators to provide relevant learning experiences for today’s students. Many classrooms still utilise textbook-based pedagogy more suited to previous generations, resulting in disengagement among millennial students. Curriculum content must also be tailored to generational needs. The rapid pace of change, as well as the fluidity of identity created by dissolving geographical and vocational boundaries, mean that the millennial generation will need more than a fixed set of skills and knowledge to enter adulthood. Teachers must enable their students to think like ‘expert novices’, adept at assimilating new concepts in depth and prepared to engage in lifelong learning.

The younger audience : children and broadcasting in New Zealand

The role and influence of media in the lives of children are ongoing sources of public, political and academic debates. These debates move back and forth along a care-control continuum (Cohen, 1997), and reflect a commitment both to educate children and to regulate their media experiences. Rapid advancements in computer technologies have vastly expanded the range of media experiences available to children. The development of Internet information and the rapid expansion of channels as a result of digital television have created increasingly accessible and diverse sources of media for children. These media are instantaneous and, in some circumstances, constantly available. As a result, a substantial body of international research has emerged that examines the influence of media consumption on children. How much time do children spend interacting with media? What sorts of media do they access? Are media harmful or beneficial to children? If so, in which contexts? Do media influence children�s personal development? And what role should governments, broadcasters and independent producers play in the regulation of the media? These questions remain central to contemporary debates about children and the media.

The younger audience : children and broadcasting in New Zealand

The role and influence of media in the The lives of children are ongoing sources of public, political and academic debates. These debates move back and forth along a care-control continuum (Cohen, 1997), and reflect a commitment both to educate children and to regulate their media experiences. Rapid advancements in computer technologies have vastly expanded the range of media experiences available to children. The development of Internet information and the rapid expansion of channels as a result of digital television have created increasingly accessible and diverse sources of media for children. These media are instantaneous and, in some circumstances, constantly available. As a result, a substantial body of international research has emerged that examines the influence of media consumption on children. How much time do children spend interacting with media? What sorts of media do they access? Are media harmful or beneficial to children? If so, in which contexts? Do media influence children’s personal development? And what role should governments, broadcasters and independent producers play in the regulation of the media? These questions remain central to contemporary debates about children and the media. This paper examines current patterns of television and radio consumption by New Zealand children in the context of household and peer environments. It explores parental attitudes towards and responsibilities for the protection of children in relation to broadcast media. The paper also aims to provide children with a voice by exploring their views about media content, and how they feel about the controls and regulations currently placed on their media consumption. Children do not constitute a unitary social category. They comprise a disparate group with diverse cultures and styles that must be examined from within. Rather than treating and studying children as inferior and underdeveloped beings, it is important to identify children as individual social actors (Smith, Taylor & Gollop, 2000). Children are often viewed as passive, invisible and irrational. However, a growing body of scholarship recognises that children are a heterogeneous group with valid and meaningful life experiences that must be accessed and analysed within specific cultural contexts (Burman, 1994; Atwool, 2000). In order to understand the media consumption habits of children and to explore issues of regulatory responsibility, it was essential to access children and their families. To this end, and within a New Zealand context, this paper enters relatively uncharted waters. To date, there are no other comprehensive New Zealand-based research projects that specifically identify the attitudes and behaviours of children in relation to broadcast media, and broadcasting standards.

O declínio e a ascensão da comunicação word-of-mouth

As questões de liderança de opinião tornaram-se um tema cada vez mais interessante na nossa contemporaneidade. Quer se considere, ou não, que os ditos “novos media” provocaram uma revolução na forma como interagimos, o que é inquestionável é o seu papel na forma como somos influenciados e influenciamos, pelo menos, no que às sociedades ditas como desenvolvidas se refere. Partindo do interesse pelo estudo do word-of-mouth eletrónico, esta dissertação pretende contribuir para um melhor conhecimento do Twitter enquanto instrumento de influência. De um ponto de vista empírico este trabalho centrou-se na análise do Twitter de Arianna Huffington e dos seus seguidores no Twitter.

Les campagnes sociales destinées aux jeunes adultes québécois sur Internet : pistes pour l'optimisation des sites Web

Avec la montée en popularité d’Internet et des médias sociaux, de plus en plus d’organismes sociaux et publics, notamment, intègrent des plateformes Web à leurs volets traditionnels. La question d’Internet demeure toutefois peu étudiée eu égard à la publicité sociale. Ce mémoire porte donc sur la question du Web en relation avec les campagnes sociales adressées aux jeunes Québécois de 18 à 25 ans, une population particulièrement réceptive aux nouvelles technologies. Plus exactement, dans cette étude, nous avons analysé trois sites Web rattachés à des campagnes sociales (La vitesse, ça coûte cher de la SAAQ, Les ITSS se propagent du MSSS et 50 000 adeptes, 5 000 toutous de la Fondation CHU Sainte-Justine) dans l’objectif de déterminer leurs forces et leurs faiblesses pour ensuite proposer des pistes pour leur optimisation. C’est à l’aide d’une analyse critique de contenu suivie d’entrevues et d’observations individuelles auprès de 19 participants que nous sommes parvenue à suggérer des pistes pour l’optimisation des sites Web de campagnes sociales destinées aux jeunes adultes québécois. Une des plus grandes difficultés en ce qui a trait à leur conception consiste à choisir les stratégies les plus appropriées pour provoquer un changement d’attitude ou de comportement, a fortiori chez ceux qui adoptent des comportements à risque (fumer, conduire en état d’ébriété, avoir des relations sexuelles non protégées); des stratégies qui, pour être plus efficaces, devraient être adaptées en fonction des caractéristiques propres aux publics cibles et aux médias de diffusion. Afin d’analyser adéquatement les campagnes sociales, nous avons fait appel aux théories de la persuasion et aux théories sur l’influence des médias jugées pertinentes dans notre contexte puisqu’elles sont propres à ce type d’étude. Ces approches combinées nous ont permis d’intégrer à l’analyse d’une campagne donnée les contextes qui l’entourent et les pratiques dans lesquelles elle s’inscrit. Cette étude nous a, entre autres, permis de démontrer qu’il existait d’importants écarts entre les attentes et les besoins des internautes et l’offre des sites Web étudiés.

L’influence des médias électroniques sur la formation de l’opinion publique : du mythe à la réalité

ans ce texte, l’auteur s’emploie à remettre en cause la méthode utilisée par le droit pour évaluer les dommages causés à une personne par les médias de masse lorsqu’il y a diffamation. Il montre que bien que les médias de masse disposent d’une large diffusion, leur influence réelle sur les personnes qui les consomment est loin d’être aussi évidente. Pour Langelier, divers phénomènes doivent être pris en compte pour évaluer les dommages réels causés aux personnes lorsqu’il y a diffamation. Au nombre de ceux-ci, mentionnons l’état des connaissances issues des sciences sociales sur l’influence potentielle des médias en regard de la formation des opinions individuelles, le degré de pénétration du médium en cause, la composition de l’auditoire auquel le médium s’adresse, le contexte social dans lequel le médium intervient, l’usage social des médias dans la société concernée, le degré de crédibilité dont disposent les médias dans cette société, l’importance relative des médias les uns par rapport aux autres et les raisons d’intérêt public justifiant une telle intervention. De l’examen de chacun de ces facteurs dans le contexte de la société canadienne, l’auteur conclut que l’influence des médias sur la formation de l’opinion publique et des opinions individuelles est relativement faible sinon inexistante. En conséquence, il trouve inappropriées l’orientation, le point de vue et la méthode avec lesquels le droit réalise ses déterminations lorsqu’il y a faute en matière de diffamation. Il appelle donc les juristes à rompre avec les présupposés et les mythes et à adopter une approche plus fine et plus réaliste de ces réalités.

The voters of Colombia are free?

A fundamental principle of democracy is citizenship freedom. We suggest that a fair electoral contest is possible if a relationship between free will, electoral preferences and respect to the public institutions (constitutionalism) (section 1) exists. We focus on three illiberal practices that perturb the voter's decision: political clientelism and political markets (sections 2 to 4), media influence (which feeds on the voter's limited rationality and limited information) (section 5), and the suppression of opposition options (section 6). Later (section 8), we provide a brief balance and, additionally, we show how in Colombia the political system has missed opportunities to expand the voters' freedom. Our interpretation of the electoral process in Colombia is an appeal, supported on theoretical arguments and empirical evidence, to doubt about the voters' freedom. Also we make a call for more etudies.

O ensino do desenho para crianças de 9 a 10 anos de idade: um estudo comparativo entre duas escolas públicas e duas escolas particulares da região central de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

A identidade forjada pela mídia: expressões cotidianoas reveladas por jovens das classes populares em roteiros pelos metrôs de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A INTERNET NA EVOLUÇÃO DO PENSAMENTO FOLKCOMUNICACIONAL

Desde o início das pesquisas em folkcomunicação, essa área de estudo vem sofrendo uma evolução contínua com a descoberta de novos objetos de investigação diante de seu veloz desenvolvimento. A Internet está mudando a forma de como as pessoas se comunicam e vivem. No bojo dessas mudanças, a Folkcomunicação, que perpassa a comunicação das massas por ter sua gênese no folclore, vem ganhando novos objetos com a evolução das tecnologias da Informação. A questão principal que esse trabalho levanta é a de verificar como a Internet influenciou o pensamento da folkcomunicação. No entanto, este estudo pretende elucidar algumas perguntas, como: Quem são os novos líderes folkcomunicacionais? ; Como os meios de comunicação de massa influenciam o conteúdo da mensagem folk na Internet? ; A mensagem folk pela Internet teve de ser adaptada ao meio? ; Podemos encontrar manifestações para todas as audiências folk na Internet? , e Como as audiências recebem o conteúdo da comunicação? . Para tanto, buscou-se embasamento em conceitos de Luiz Beltrão, e atualizações deste em José Marques de Melo, Joseph Luyten, Cristina Schmidt, Osvaldo Meira Trigueiro, dentre outros. Os resultados obtidos levam ao entendimento de que as pesquisas do campo comunicacional no ambiente virtual na Internet seguem um padrão próximo das manifestações encontradas em outros suportes ainda que se possam verificar atualizações temporais e espaciais.(AU)

A INTERNET NA EVOLUÇÃO DO PENSAMENTO FOLKCOMUNICACIONAL

Desde o início das pesquisas em folkcomunicação, essa área de estudo vem sofrendo uma evolução contínua com a descoberta de novos objetos de investigação diante de seu veloz desenvolvimento. A Internet está mudando a forma de como as pessoas se comunicam e vivem. No bojo dessas mudanças, a Folkcomunicação, que perpassa a comunicação das massas por ter sua gênese no folclore, vem ganhando novos objetos com a evolução das tecnologias da Informação. A questão principal que esse trabalho levanta é a de verificar como a Internet influenciou o pensamento da folkcomunicação. No entanto, este estudo pretende elucidar algumas perguntas, como: Quem são os novos líderes folkcomunicacionais? ; Como os meios de comunicação de massa influenciam o conteúdo da mensagem folk na Internet? ; A mensagem folk pela Internet teve de ser adaptada ao meio? ; Podemos encontrar manifestações para todas as audiências folk na Internet? , e Como as audiências recebem o conteúdo da comunicação? . Para tanto, buscou-se embasamento em conceitos de Luiz Beltrão, e atualizações deste em José Marques de Melo, Joseph Luyten, Cristina Schmidt, Osvaldo Meira Trigueiro, dentre outros. Os resultados obtidos levam ao entendimento de que as pesquisas do campo comunicacional no ambiente virtual na Internet seguem um padrão próximo das manifestações encontradas em outros suportes ainda que se possam verificar atualizações temporais e espaciais.(AU)

Adolescence: A useful concept for this millennium

‘Adolescence’ has become increasingly recognised as a nebulous concept. Previous conceptualisations of adolescence have adopted a ‘deficit’ view, regarding teenagers as ‘unfinished’ adults. The deficit view of adolescence is highly problematic in an era where adulthood itself is difficult to define. The terms ‘kidult’ or ‘adultescent’ have emerged to describe adult-age people whose interests and priorities match those of their teenage counterparts. Rather than relying on ‘lock-step’ models of physical, cognitive and social growth put forward by developmental psychology, adolescence can be more usefully defined by looking at the common experiences of people in their teenage years. Common experiences arise at an institutional level; for example, all adolescents are treated as the same by legal and education systems. The transition from primary to secondary schooling is a milestone for all children, exposing them to a new type of educational environment. Shared experiences also arise from generational factors. Today’s adolescents belong to the millennial generation, characterised by technological competence, global perspectives, high susceptibility to media influence, individualisation and rapid interactions. This generation focuses on teamwork, achievement, modesty and good conduct, and has great potential for significant collective accomplishments. These generational factors challenge educators to provide relevant learning experiences for today’s students. Many classrooms still utilise textbook-based pedagogy more suited to previous generations, resulting in disengagement among millennial students. Curriculum content must also be tailored to generational needs. The rapid pace of change, as well as the fluidity of identity created by dissolving geographical and vocational boundaries, mean that the millennial generation will need more than a fixed set of skills and knowledge to enter adulthood. Teachers must enable their students to think like ‘expert novices’, adept at assimilating new concepts in depth and prepared to engage in lifelong learning.

A INTERNET NA EVOLUÇÃO DO PENSAMENTO FOLKCOMUNICACIONAL

Desde o início das pesquisas em folkcomunicação, essa área de estudo vem sofrendo uma evolução contínua com a descoberta de novos objetos de investigação diante de seu veloz desenvolvimento. A Internet está mudando a forma de como as pessoas se comunicam e vivem. No bojo dessas mudanças, a Folkcomunicação, que perpassa a comunicação das massas por ter sua gênese no folclore, vem ganhando novos objetos com a evolução das tecnologias da Informação. A questão principal que esse trabalho levanta é a de verificar como a Internet influenciou o pensamento da folkcomunicação. No entanto, este estudo pretende elucidar algumas perguntas, como: Quem são os novos líderes folkcomunicacionais? ; Como os meios de comunicação de massa influenciam o conteúdo da mensagem folk na Internet? ; A mensagem folk pela Internet teve de ser adaptada ao meio? ; Podemos encontrar manifestações para todas as audiências folk na Internet? , e Como as audiências recebem o conteúdo da comunicação? . Para tanto, buscou-se embasamento em conceitos de Luiz Beltrão, e atualizações deste em José Marques de Melo, Joseph Luyten, Cristina Schmidt, Osvaldo Meira Trigueiro, dentre outros. Os resultados obtidos levam ao entendimento de que as pesquisas do campo comunicacional no ambiente virtual na Internet seguem um padrão próximo das manifestações encontradas em outros suportes ainda que se possam verificar atualizações temporais e espaciais.(AU)

Character education in a Muslim school: A case study of a comprehensive Muslim school's curricula

Deteriorating social behavior, negative media influence and violence among adolescents have given cause to pause and assess character development for the youth of this country. The purpose of this case study was to examine how a Muslim school’s curricula implemented character education. This study used a qualitative single-case methodology to examine character education as it was experienced by the participants in a private Muslim school. Data were collected from participant interviews, document analysis, and observations of classrooms, daily activities and special events. Data were analyzed to determine how character education was defined by the school, the method of delivery for the character education initiatives and the implementation of character education in this Muslim school. Analysis was based on Character Education Partnership’s (CEP) Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education (2007). The results of the study revealed: (a) participants defined character education using varied traits, processes, and expected behaviors. (b) The school delivers its character education curriculum primarily through the Islamic studies division; an add-on delivery method. Still, there was evidence of partial integration of character education in the core courses and (c) based on CEP’s Eleven Principles four were present and five were partially present in the school’s character education initiatives. Findings also revealed that the school’s emphasis on values, morality and spirituality was instrumental in their teaching character. Findings suggest that if participants in the school community work together they might formulate a definition of character education based on common process and expected behavior and create a collaborative working relationship to implement a character education program. Finally, addressing the absent and partially absent elements of the eleven principles could enhance the school’s character education initiatives. The study provides a process by which religious schools could examine their character education programs. The criteria used to measure the use of character education elements are transferable to other settings; however, this method of study does not allow generalization of findings.

La construction des attitudes envers les Roms : le cas français

Représentant entre 10 et 12 millions d’individus en Europe, les Roms sont confrontés à des discriminations et à l’exclusion sociale. 40% des Européens refusent d’avoir des Roms comme voisins, alors que 70% de ceux-ci n’entretiennent même pas de contact direct avec eux dans leur vie. Face à la problématique qu’offrent ces statistiques, cette étude entend observer les mécanismes de construction des attitudes envers les Roms. Je propose d’analyser la production de ces attitudes au sein de deux milieux similaires, mais où les politiques d’intégration locales envers les Roms divergent, rendant ainsi les conditions des contacts intergroupes différent. Cette analyse part des postulats scientifiques selon lesquels l’intégration des migrants est un enjeu d’action publique locale, et que les interactions sociales de qualité structurent les attitudes des uns par rapport aux autres. Ainsi, à partir d’entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées dans les communes françaises de La Courneuve et d’Ivry-sur-Seine, je teste de manière empirique quatre théories dominantes dans le domaine des relations intergroupes: la théorie du contact, l’effet halo, l’impact des politiques locales d’intégration des immigrants et l’influence des médias.