Estudo do efeito da substituição de caulim por resíduo de caulim na fabricação de cerâmica de revestimento

Companies involved in kaolin mining and treatment represent an important area of industrial development in Brazil, significantly contribution to the worldwide production of such mineral. As a result, large volumes of kaolin residue are constantly generated and abandoned in the environment, negatively contributing to its preservation. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to characterize the residue generated from kaolin mining as well as to assess its potential use as raw material for the production of ceramic tiles. Ceramic mixtures were prepared from raw materials characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis and thermal analysis. Three compositions were prepared using kaolin residue contents of 10%, 20% and 30%. Samples were uniaxially pressed, fired at 1200ºC and characterized aiming at establishing their mineralogical composition, water absorption, apparent porosity, specific mass, linear retraction and modulus of rupture. The results showed that the residue basically consisted of kaolinite and successfully replaced raw kaolin in the preparation of ceramic title formulations without significantly affecting the properties of the fired material

Estudo e caracterização de matérias-primas para o desenvolvimento de blocos sílico-calcários

The types of products manufactured calcium silicate blocks are very diversified in its characteristics. They include accessory bricks, blocks, products in dense material, with or without reinforcements of hardware, great units in cellular material, and thermal insulating products. The elements calcium silicate are of great use in the prefabricated construction, being formed for dense masses and hardened by autoclaving. This work has for objective develop formulations that make possible the obtaining of calcium silicate blocks with characteristics that correspond the specifications technical, in the State of the Rio Grande of the North, in finality of obtaining technical viability for use in the civil construction. The work studied the availability raw materials from convenient for the production of calcium silicate blocks, and the effect of variations of the productive process on the developed products. The studied raw materials were: the quartz sand from the city of São Gonçalo do Amarante/RN, and two lime, a hydrated lime and a pure lime from the city of Governador Dix-Sept Rosado/RN. The raw materials collected were submitted a testes to particle size distribution, fluorescence of X rays, diffraction of X rays. Then were produced 8 formulations and made body-of-test by uniaxial pressing at 36 MPa, and cured for 7 hours at about 18 kgf/cm2 pressing and temperature of approximately 180 °C. The cure technological properties evaluated were: lineal shrinkage, apparent density, apparent porosity, water absorption, modulus of rupture flexural (3 points), resistance compression, phase analysis (XRD) and micromorphological analysis (SEM). From the results presented the technological properties, was possible say that utilization of hydrated lime becomes more viable its utilization in mass limestone silica, for manufacture of calcium silicate blocks

Estudo do potencial de utilização do resíduo da extração de esmeraldas na fabricação de cerâmica de revestimento

Companies involved in emerald mining and treatment represent an important area of industrial development in Brazil, with significative contribution to the worldwide production of such mineral. As a result, large volumes of emerald waste are constantly generated and abandoned in the environment, negatively contributing to its preservation. By the other side the interest of the use of mining waste as additive in ceramic products has been growing from researchers in recent years. The ceramic industry is constantly seeking to the marked amplification for the sector and perfecting the quality of the products and to increase the variety of applications. The technology of obtaining of ceramic tiles that uses mining residues assists market niches little explored. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to characterize the residue generated from emerald mining as well as to assess its potential use as raw material for the production of ceramic tiles. Ceramic mixtures were prepared from raw materials characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis and thermal analysis. Five compositions were prepared using emerald residue contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Samples were uniaxially pressed, fired at 1000, 1100 and 1200ºC and characterized aiming at establishing their mineralogical composition, water absorption, apparent porosity, specific mass, linear retraction and modulus of rupture. The results shows that the emerald residue, basically consisted of 73% of (SiO2 + Al2O3) and 17,77% of (MgO + Na2O+ K2O) (that facilitates sintering), can be added to the ceramic tile materials with no detrimental effect on the properties of the sintered products

Compacidade do suporte cerâmico cru versus propriedades do revestimento cerâmico cozido

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação de painéis produzidos a partir de resíduos sólidos para aplicação na arquitetura

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o reaproveitamento de resíduos sólidos na preparação de painéis para uso na arquitetura. Para atingir as metas propostas, painéis foram preparados a partir de resíduos provenientes de embalagens cartonadas e plásticas, utilizando-se como elemento de reforço, resíduos lignocelulósicos (casca de amendoim e de arroz). A concentração e a natureza dos resíduos utilizados como matriz e como carga foram variadas gerando doze condições experimentais diferentes. As propriedades avaliadas dos painéis foram o módulo de ruptura, módulo de elasticidade, tração perpendicular à superfície, inchamento em espessura, absorção de água e densidade. Todos os ensaios foram realizados segundo as normas ASTM D1037 e EN 317, referente à chapa de partículas. Os resultados foram analisados segundo a norma ANSI A208.1 que especifica as propriedades de desempenho requeridas para as chapas de partículas. Os painéis foram classificados como de baixa densidade, podendo ser utilizados como forros, divisórias, revestimento decorativos e demais aplicações que requerem as mesmas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. Os painéis a base de embalagem plástica reforçados com casca de arroz apresentaram propriedades superiores do que os demais painéis produzidos. O elemento arquitetônico desenvolvido neste estudo representa um novo mercado potencial, podendo ser empregado no ambiente urbano e rural, atendendo ao conceito de produto ecoeficiente.

Estudo comparativo das argilas das olarias dos municípios de Alfenas e Areado, MG

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Viabilidade de aplicação das coberturas argilosas da região de Alfenas na indústra cerâmica

The region of Alfenas, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is predominantly constituted of Pre-Cambrian rocks with well developed alteration profiles in association with colluvial and alluvial sediments. No study to date has examined in detail its potential use in the ceramic industry. The scarce knowledge of its mineralogical and technological properties limits its value and consequently its industrial use. Until now, these clay materials have been used in a rudimental manner, in small scale in the fabrication of red tiles. The present study aimed at analyzing these clays mineralogically (X-ray diffraction), chemically (major and minor elements by X-ray fluorescence and organic carbon analysis) and technologically (pressing granulometric distribution; mechanical resistence; water absorption, apparent porosity; linear firing shrinkage; color of firing and others) in order to better understand the raw material and develop adequate technological applications. The best results of ceramic properties were the samples with higher organic content (more plastic clays) and higher values of Al2O3 (kaolinite and gibbsite) and Fe2O3 as well lower SiO2 content and finer grain size which contribute to a better sinterization.

Argilominerais: influência dos aditivos (cinza de bagaço de cana-de-acúcar e rocha sedimentar) no processo de sinterização

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis particulados de Eucalyptus saligna e casca de noz macadâmia

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Produção de painéis a partir de resíduos sólidos para uso como elemento arquitetônico

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Painéis aglomerados fabricados com mistura de partículas de madeiras tropicais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Painel particulado composto por casca de eucalipto na camada intermediária

This work was developed to evalute the physical and mechanical properties of a panel of three particle layers from the test specification of NBR 14810-3 (2006), using wood of Eucalyptus sp. and Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus urograndis bark. The mechanical properties were evaluated to obtain the bending modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and Internal bond. The physical properties were obtained thickness sweeling, water absorption, moisture content and board density. Were evaluated four different compositions of panels containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% in the inner layer of bark. The results were compared with the Brazilian standard NBR 14810-2 (2006) and also with studies in the literature. The panels produced were adequate to all the optimal values suggested by the standard only in the composition with 5% skin in the inner layer. The other treatments showed satisfactory results in all tests except for moisture content

Análise das propriedades físico-mecânicas de painel particulado de eucalipto composto por três camadas com duas variações de pressão

The research aimed to produce sheets of particles with waste processing of Eucalyptus sp bonded with urea-formaldehyde and evaluate the effect of pressure variation in the quality of the boards produced. To do so, the Boards made were divided into two treatments depending on the pressing pressure of 30 to 40 kgf / cm². Once pressings, climatized, the particleboards have been sectioned in test samples, and underwent physical-mechanical tests for determining density, swelling and water absorption, modulus of rupture and elasticity in static bending and internal linking. The particleboards pressed at 40 kgf / cm ² showed the best results

Caracterização físico-mecânica de elementos estruturais roliços perfilados de Amaru

The study of physical and mechanical properties of wood is essential for its structural use and it is of great importance to the construction industry. Thus, this study aimed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the wood Amaru - a hybrid of Eucalyptus, developed by Plantar Projects and Forest Products Ltda. In order to determine the properties of Amaru, round samples were used, which were provided to the Laboratory of Wood and Wooden Structures of the School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo - LaMEM / EESC / USP. For the characterization of the physical properties, the apparent specific gravity and moisture content of the samples were determined. To the mechanical characterization, the following properties were evaluated: strength and stiffness in compression, strength and stiffness in bending, shear and tension. The procedures of the tests performed in this study were done according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Wood Standard ABNT NBR 7190:1997. The specimen used were confectioned in actual dimensions, according to as those used in the construction system proposed by Plantar. The results obtained from the tests performed showed that the mechanical properties approached the values proposed by the Wood Standard NBR 7190. The visual grading was important to provide a primary idea about the failure modes to be obtained from the tests performed. The bending test showed the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR), which resulted in 15822 MPa and 101,7 MPa, respectively. The compression test resulted in values Ec0,m and fc0, 15698 MPa and 50,7 MPa. The tensile strength (ft0) of this hybrid was calculated and its value obtained was 60,8 MPa. The shear strength (fv0) was 8,2 MPa. The results obtained from the tests are the basis for engineers and architects to design structures using wood species Amaru

Análise do desempenho físico-mecânico de painéis compensados de Pinus sp. produzidos com adesivos aquosos a base de poliacetato de vinila e de homopolímero vinílico

This study aimed to evaluate the physico-mechanical performance of three PVA adhesive formulations according to the Brazilian standards for plywood testing and to evaluate the results with those presented in the technical literature and specified in normative documents. The study presents the production process of the panels, the obtaining of samples and, finally, the implementation of physico-mechanical characterization tests based on plywood Brazilian standards. For the panels production it was used a gramature of 120 g / m² and applied a pressure of 15 bars and two temperature combinations and pressing time for each adhesive. The commercial adhesives used were PVA 1810, PVA 1060 and Vinyltec 239. The physical tests conducted were thickness swelling, density, moisture content and water absorption. The mechanical tests were static flexion, for the determination of elasticity modulus (MOE) and rupture modulus (MOR), and shear in the glue line. Among the three formulations studied none showed good performance in the presence of water. However, other trials in the adhesive showed better results and closer to the commercially equivalent used, in the case the urea-formaldehyde, was the PVA 1810, that can be applied in non-structural uses and in environments without the presence of moisture