Linee guida della consensus conference dell'ANGP per il monitoraggio plasmatico dei farmaci (TDM) in psichiatria. Aggiornamento 2011 =AGNP consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry: update 2011

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), i.e., the quantification of serum or plasma concentrations of medications for dose optimization, has proven a valuable tool for the patient-matched psychopharmacotherapy. Uncertain drug adherence, suboptimal tolerability, non-response at therapeutic doses, or pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are typical situations when measurement of medication concentrations is helpful. Patient populations that may predominantly benefit from TDM in psychiatry are children, pregnant women, elderly patients, individuals with intelligence disabilities, forensic patients, patients with known or suspected genetically determined pharmacokinetic abnormalities or individuals with pharmacokinetically relevant comorbidities. However, the potential benefits of TDM for optimization of pharmacotherapy can only be obtained if the method is adequately integrated into the clinical treatment process. To promote an appropriate use of TDM, the TDM expert group of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) issued guidelines for TDM in psychiatry in 2004. Since then, knowledge has advanced significantly, and new psychopharmacologic agents have been introduced that are also candidates for TDM. Therefore the TDM consensus guidelines were updated and extended to 128 neuropsychiatric drugs. 4 levels of recommendation for using TDM were defined ranging from "strongly recommended" to "potentially useful". Evidence-based "therapeutic reference ranges" and "dose related reference ranges" were elaborated after an extensive literature search and a structured internal review process. A "laboratory alert level" was introduced, i.e., a plasma level at or above which the laboratory should immediately inform the treating physician. Supportive information such as cytochrome P450 substrateand inhibitor properties of medications, normal ranges of ratios of concentrations of drug metabolite to parent drug and recommendations for the interpretative services are given. Recommendations when to combine TDM with pharmacogenetic tests are also provided. Following the guidelines will help to improve the outcomes of psychopharmacotherapy of many patients especially in case of pharmacokinetic problems. Thereby, one should never forget that TDM is an interdisciplinary task that sometimes requires the respectful discussion of apparently discrepant data so that, ultimately, the patient can profit from such a joint effort.

Delabre sur Rover, 750 cmc [course motocycliste Paris-Reims-Paris, 6 juillet 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54747

Lecomte sur Rover, 500 cmc [course motocycliste Paris-Reims-Paris, side-car, 6 juillet 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54746

Barthélémy sur Rover, 500 cmc [course motocycliste Paris-Reims-Paris, 6 juillet 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54744

Psalty sur Rover [500 cmc, concurrent de la course motocycliste Paris-Nice] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57947

500 cm3, Bonnefond sur Rover [critérium motocycliste de l'A.A.M.M., Association des anciens motocyclistes militaires à Auxerre, le 24 mai 1920] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59365

Rover.

El mundo visto desde un punto de vista de perro. Es un catálogo del comportamiento humano: comer, dormir, vestirse, hábitos y bromas son descritos desde una perspectiva canina. Cuenta las aventuras de una pequeña niña y su perro mascota, o es un perro y su niña mascota, y un día de playa. La historia se convierte en drama cuando la niña se pierde y hay que buscarla.

MTR: the multi-tasking rover - a new concept in rover design

In this paper we present the novel concepts incorporated in a planetary surface exploration rover design that is currently under development. The Multitasking Rover (MTR) aims to demonstrate functionality that will cover many of the current and future needs such as rough-terrain mobility, modularity and upgradeability. The rover system has enhanced mobility characteristics. It operates in conjunction with Science Packs (SPs) and Tool Packs (TPs)-modules attached to the main frame of the rover, which are either special tools or science instruments and alter the operation capabilities of the system.

The mobility system of the multi-tasking rover (MTR)

Current and planned robotic rovers for space exploration are focused on science and correspondingly carry a science payload. Future missions will need robotic rovers that can demonstrate a wider range of functionality. This paper proposes an approach to offering this greater functionality by employing science and/or tool packs aboard a highly mobile robotic chassis. The packs are interchangeable and each contains different instruments or tools. The appropriate selection of science and/or tool packs enables the robot to perform a great variety of tasks either alone or in cooperation with other robots. The multi-tasking rover (MTR), thus conceived, provides a novel method for high return on investment. This paper describes the mobility system of the MTR and reports on initial experimental evaluation of the robotic chassis.

Novel concepts for a planetary surface exploration rover

Purpose - This paper aims to address some of the needs of present and upcoming rover designs, and introduces novel concepts incorporated in a planetary surface exploration rover design that is currently under development. Design/methodology/approach - The Multitasking Rover (MTR) is a highly re-configurable system that aims to demonstrate functionality that will cover many of the current and future needs such as rough-terrain mobility, modularity and upgradeability. It comprises a surface mobility platform which is highly re-configurable, which offers centre of mass re-allocation and rough terrain stability, and also a set of science/tool packs - individual subsystems encapsulated in packs which the rover picks up, transports and deploys. Findings - Early testing of the suspension system suggests exceptional performance characteristics. Originality/value - Principles employed in the design of the MTR can be used in future rover systems to reduce associated mission costs and at the same time provide multiples the functionality.