Análisis de los factores que han dificultado la incursión de Colombia en la región de Asia pacífico y el posible aprovechamiento de los mecanismos de integración regional alternativos a APEC para incursionar en la región de Asia Pacífico

El objetivo de esta investigación diagnóstica es analizar los factores que han dificultado la incursión de Colombia en la Región de Asia Pacífico. Así pues, se buscó explicar cómo la falta de consenso para aumentar el número de países miembros en APEC, ha sido la principal razón que explica el retraso para alcanzar dicho objetivo. Así mismo, se hizo un análisis sobre los lineamientos de política exterior colombiana y la forma en que el diseño de la misma se encuentra influenciado por los intereses de la política exterior estadounidense. En tercer lugar, se analizó cómo el poco despliegue institucional colombiano en la región asiática ha conducido a un retroceso para profundizar las relaciones con Asia. Finalmente, se buscó verificar la forma en que Colombia podría aprovechar los mecanismos de integración regional alternos a APEC para incursionar en la región, por ejemplo la AP.

Mujeres, esfera pública y populismo en Brasil, Argentina y Ecuador, 1870-1960 (Estudios)

Este trabajo se enfoca en las luchas de las mujeres para convertirse en actores políticos en tres países latinoamericanos: Brasil, Argentina y Ecuador. Analiza la educación de las mujeres como un factor decisivo para obtener el derecho al voto e ingresar a la arena pública mediante la publicación de periódicos. Se estudia la manera como las mujeres crearon sus propias organizaciones políticas,muchas de las cuales fueron respaldadas por liberales, conservadores e incluso socialistas. A pesar de que la lucha para conquistar el voto femenino fue una combinación entre las organizaciones de derechos femeninos, el diálogo interamericano y el apoyo de figuras públicas masculinas, fueron los líderes populistas quienes aprobaron el derecho al voto femenino. Ellos usaron este derecho para atraer el voto femenino en sus reelecciones presidenciales.

You Shall Have No Other Gods Before Me: Covenant in Faith and History

In this paper I have attempted to explore "covenant" in faith and history, as it extends throughout the entire framework of the Bible and the entire history of the people who produced it. With such a monstrous topic, a comprehensive analysis of the material could take a lifetime to do it justice. Therefore, I have taken a very specific approach to the material in order to investigate the evolution of covenant from the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) to the Christian Scriptures (New Testament). I have made every effort to approach this thesis as a text-based, non-doctrinal discussion. However, having my own religious convictions, it has, at times, been difficult to recognize and escape my biases. Nevertheless, I am confident that this final product is, for the most part, objective and free from dogmatism. Of course, I have brought my own perspective and understanding to the material, which may be different from the reader's, so there may be matters of interpretation on which we differ, but c 'est fa vie in the world of religious dialogue. The structure of this paper is symmetrical: Part I examines the traditions of the Torah and the Prophets; Part II, the Gospels and Paul's letters. I have balanced the Old Testament against the New Testament (the Torah against the Gospels; the Prophets against Paul) in order to give approximately equal weight to the two traditions, and establish a sense of parallelism in the structure of my overall work. A word should also be said about three matters of style. First, instead of the customary Christian designation of time as B.C. or A.D., I have opted to use the more modem B.C.E. (Before the Common Era) and C.E. (Common Era) notations. This more recent system is less traditional; however, more acceptable in academic and, certainly, more appropriate for a non-doctrinal discussion. Second, in the body of this paper I have chosen to highlight several texts using a variety of colors. This highlighting serves (1) to call the reader's attention to specific passages, and (2) to compare the language and imagery of similar texts. All highlighting has been added to the texts at my own discretion. Finally, the divine name, traditionally vocalized as "Yahweh," is a verbal form of the Hebrew "to be," and means, approximately, "I am who I am." This name was considered too holy to pronounce by the ancient Israelites, and, the word adonai ("My LORD") was used in its stead. In respect of this tradition, I have left the divine name in its original Hebrew form. Accordingly, should be read as "the LORD" throughout this paper. All Hebrew and Greek translations, where they occur, are my own. The Greek translations are based on the New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) of the Bible.

How are immigration policies affecting Brazil's economy?

How are current immigration policies for foreign workers affecting Brazil's economy, and what changes should be made? What other issues in the labor market are affecting businesses in the country?

Political instability, institutional quality and social conflict in the Andes

Includes bibliography

The economy, conflict and governance in Colombia

Includes bibliography

Poverty, inequality and public policy in the Andean region: a comparative perspective

Includes bibliography

Ethnosciences - A step towards the integration of scientific and non-scientific forms of knowledge in the management of natural resources for the future

Integration of indigenous knowledge and ethnoscientific approaches into contemporary frameworks for conservation and sustainable management of natural resources will become increasingly important in policies on an international and national level. We set the scene on how this can be done by exploring the key conditions and dimensions of a dialogue between ‘ontologies’ and the roles, which ethnosciences could play in this process. First, the roles which ethnosciences in the context of sustainable development were analysed, placing emphasis on the implications arising when western sciences aspire to relate to indigenous forms of knowledge. Secondly, the contributions of ethnosciences to such an ‘inter-ontological dialogue’ were explored, based on an ethnoecological study of the encounter of sciences and indigenous knowledge in the Andes of Bolivia, and reviewed experiences from mangrove systems in Kenya, India and Sri Lanka, and from case-studies in other ecosystems world-wide.

Transformation of local medicinal knowledge in the Andean Highlands: Case studies from Peru and Bolivia

In the Andean highlands, indigenous environmental knowledge is currently undergoing major changes as a result of various external and internal factors. As in other parts of the world, an overall process of erosion of local knowledge can be observed. In response to this trend, some initiatives that adopt a biocultural approach aim at actively strengthening local identities and revalorizing indigenous environmental knowledge and practices, assuming that such practices can contribute to more sustainable management of biodiversity. However, these initiatives usually lack a sound research basis, as few studies have focused on the dynamics of indigenous environmental knowledge in the Andes and on its links with biodiversity management. Against this background, the general objective of this research project was to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of indigenous environmental knowledge in the Andean highlands of Peru and Bolivia by investigating how local medicinal knowledge is socially differentiated within rural communities, how it is transformed, and which external and internal factors influence these transformation processes. The project adopted an actor-oriented perspective and emphasized the concept of knowledge dialogue by analyzing the integration of traditional and formal medicinal systems within family therapeutic strategies. It also aimed at grasping some of the links between the dynamics of medicinal knowledge and the types of land use systems and biodiversity management. Research was conducted in two case study areas of the Andes, both Quechua-speaking and situated in comparable agro-ecological production belts - Pitumarca District, Department of Cusco (Southern Peruvian Highlands) and the Tunari National Park, Department of Cochabamba (Bolivian inner-Andean valleys). In each case study area, the land use systems and strategies of 18 families from two rural communities, their environmental knowledge related to medicine and to the local therapeutic flora, and an appreciation of the dynamics of this knowledge were assessed. Data were collected through a combination of disciplinary and participatory action-research methods. It was mostly analyzed using qualitative methods, though some quantitative ethnobotanical methods were also used. In both case studies, traditional medicine still constitutes the preferred option for the families interviewed, independently of their age, education level, economic status, religion, or migration status. Surprisingly and contrary to general assertions among local NGOs and researchers, results show that there is a revival of Andean medicine within the younger generation, who have greater knowledge of medicinal plants than the previous one, value this knowledge as an important element of their way of life and relationship with “Mother Earth” (Pachamama), and, at least in the Bolivian case, prefer to consult the traditional healer rather than go to the health post. Migration to the urban centres and the Amazon lowlands, commonly thought to be an important factor of local medicinal knowledge loss, only affects people’s knowledge in the case of families who migrate over half of the year or permanently. Migration does not influence the knowledge of medicinal plants or the therapeutic strategies of families who migrate temporarily for shorter periods of time. Finally, economic status influences neither the status of people’s medicinal knowledge, nor families’ therapeutic strategies, even though the financial factor is often mentioned by practitioners and local people as the main reason for not using the formal health system. The influence of the formal health system on traditional medicinal knowledge varies in each case study area. In the Bolivian case, where it was only introduced in the 1990s and access to it is still very limited, the main impact was to give local communities access to contraceptive methods and to vaccination. In the Peruvian case, the formal system had a much greater impact on families’ health practices, due to local and national policies that, for instance, practically prohibit some traditional practices such as home birth. But in both cases, biomedicine is not considered capable of responding to cultural illnesses such as “fear” (susto), “bad air” (malviento), or “anger” (colerina). As a consequence, Andean farmers integrate the traditional medicinal system and the formal one within their multiple therapeutic strategies, reflecting an inter-ontological dialogue between different conceptions of health and illness. These findings reflect a more general trend in the Andes, where indigenous communities are currently actively revalorizing their knowledge and taking up traditional practices, thus strengthening their indigenous collective identities in a process of cultural resistance.

The Character of Christian-Muslim Encounter: Essays in Honour of David Thomas

The Character of Christian-Muslim Encounter is a Festschrift in honour of David Thomas, Professor of Christianity and Islam, and Nadir Dinshaw Professor of Inter Religious Relations, at the University of Birmingham, UK. The Editors have put together a collection of over 30 contributions from colleagues of Professor Thomas that commences with a biographical sketch and representative tribute provided by a former doctoral student, and comprises a series of wide-ranging academic papers arranged to broadly reflect three dimensions of David Thomas’ academic and professional work – studies in and of Islam; Christian-Muslim relations; the Church and interreligious engagement. These are set in the context of a focussed theme – the character of Christian-Muslim encounters – and cast within a broad chronological framework.

Intervenciones críticas en la poesía última (Prácticas de articulación y agendas complementarias)

Indagaremos algunas dominantes en la intervención crítica sobre el género poético en lengua española de las últimas décadas, proponiendo alternativas diferentes a las convencionales operaciones de recorte y exclusión de grupos y tendencias, a los que nos tiene acostumbrada la crítica mayoritaria, desde antologías y suplementos literarios, preocupada por rotular, oponer y disgregar, diseñando mapas de polaridades irreconciliables y nombres propios consagrados como oráculos, sin nexo con sus coetáneos, asimilados como adversarios, y potenciando rivalidades personales, o comportamientos públicos de los actores por encima de sus escrituras. Para superar estas reductivas miradas se hace necesario ensayar propuestas de articulación: suturar fisuras imaginarias para integrar praxis materiales; imaginar políticas de intercambio textual e ideológico; admitir un trazado de zonas de confluencia permeables; asumir que los poetas vehiculizan identidades móviles y receptivas, a favor de un diálogo inter-local mutuamente enriquecedor.

El sur de Córdoba en peligro : Acerca de la articulación entre ranqueles y refugiados unitarios (1841)

La Frontera Sur de Córdoba formó parte de la larga extensión conocida como Frontera Sur argentina, con la cual comparte un conjunto de relaciones estructurales definidas no sólo por la desgarradora experiencia de la guerra sino también por el cruce, las conexiones y el diálogo inter-cultural. El trabajo se ocupa de la vinculación de los ranqueles con los unitarios que se refugiaron en las tolderías después de la derrota de las fuerzas de Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid que ocupó Córdoba en 1840. Procura establecer cómo la articulación de estas dos fuerzas sociales afectó el ejercicio de la soberanía por parte del gobierno provincial. Se sostiene que los ataques ranqueles integrados por refugiados unitarios habrían puesto en cuestionamiento el ejercicio del poder territorial por parte del Estado provincial

Intervenciones críticas en la poesía última (Prácticas de articulación y agendas complementarias)

Indagaremos algunas dominantes en la intervención crítica sobre el género poético en lengua española de las últimas décadas, proponiendo alternativas diferentes a las convencionales operaciones de recorte y exclusión de grupos y tendencias, a los que nos tiene acostumbrada la crítica mayoritaria, desde antologías y suplementos literarios, preocupada por rotular, oponer y disgregar, diseñando mapas de polaridades irreconciliables y nombres propios consagrados como oráculos, sin nexo con sus coetáneos, asimilados como adversarios, y potenciando rivalidades personales, o comportamientos públicos de los actores por encima de sus escrituras. Para superar estas reductivas miradas se hace necesario ensayar propuestas de articulación: suturar fisuras imaginarias para integrar praxis materiales; imaginar políticas de intercambio textual e ideológico; admitir un trazado de zonas de confluencia permeables; asumir que los poetas vehiculizan identidades móviles y receptivas, a favor de un diálogo inter-local mutuamente enriquecedor.

El sur de Córdoba en peligro : Acerca de la articulación entre ranqueles y refugiados unitarios (1841)

La Frontera Sur de Córdoba formó parte de la larga extensión conocida como Frontera Sur argentina, con la cual comparte un conjunto de relaciones estructurales definidas no sólo por la desgarradora experiencia de la guerra sino también por el cruce, las conexiones y el diálogo inter-cultural. El trabajo se ocupa de la vinculación de los ranqueles con los unitarios que se refugiaron en las tolderías después de la derrota de las fuerzas de Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid que ocupó Córdoba en 1840. Procura establecer cómo la articulación de estas dos fuerzas sociales afectó el ejercicio de la soberanía por parte del gobierno provincial. Se sostiene que los ataques ranqueles integrados por refugiados unitarios habrían puesto en cuestionamiento el ejercicio del poder territorial por parte del Estado provincial

Intervenciones críticas en la poesía última (Prácticas de articulación y agendas complementarias)

Indagaremos algunas dominantes en la intervención crítica sobre el género poético en lengua española de las últimas décadas, proponiendo alternativas diferentes a las convencionales operaciones de recorte y exclusión de grupos y tendencias, a los que nos tiene acostumbrada la crítica mayoritaria, desde antologías y suplementos literarios, preocupada por rotular, oponer y disgregar, diseñando mapas de polaridades irreconciliables y nombres propios consagrados como oráculos, sin nexo con sus coetáneos, asimilados como adversarios, y potenciando rivalidades personales, o comportamientos públicos de los actores por encima de sus escrituras. Para superar estas reductivas miradas se hace necesario ensayar propuestas de articulación: suturar fisuras imaginarias para integrar praxis materiales; imaginar políticas de intercambio textual e ideológico; admitir un trazado de zonas de confluencia permeables; asumir que los poetas vehiculizan identidades móviles y receptivas, a favor de un diálogo inter-local mutuamente enriquecedor.