1000 resultados para infestação natural


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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

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Soybean plays an important role in the Brazilian agriculture being one of the products most exported by the country. Its yield may be affected by diseases such as white mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. de Bary, which, under favorable field conditions prevents the crop of expressing all its productive potential. The fungus is cosmopolitan and infects more than 400 species of plants. This disease is difficult to control, and the use of chemicals has not been sufficient to avoid significant losses, thus, this products are expensive and may cause environmental damage. Alternative methods, such as foliar fertilizers based on potassium phosphite, can also be used in the management of this disease. In this context, this work aimed to study different sources of potassium phosphite and its effects in the control of white mold in soybeans, as well as the time of application in culture, its action in inducing plants defense responses and/or its influence over the seeds quality. The effect of phosphites, over the pathogen, was evaluated in vitro, on mycelial inhibition, the mass of dry mycelium and germination of sclerotia. In all tests, the following phosphites were utilized: Phosphite A (P2O5-40%; K2O-20% - 1 L/ha); Phosphite B (P2O5-40%; K2O-28% - 1 L/ha); Phosphite C (P2O5-40%; K2O-20% - 1 L/ha) e Phosphite D (P2O5-30%; K2O-20% - 2,4 L/ha). At the induction of resistance tests were evaluated the synthesis of phytoalexin in soybean cotyledons and the enzymes FAL and POX evaluated in seedlings in growing chamber, sprayed with phosphites and the fungicide fluazinam. Field experiment was carried out at Coronel Domingos Soares-PR, in the 2012/2013 season, in an area with natural infestation of the pathogen. Soybean cultivar BMX Active was no-till seeded with 0,5m between rows. The experimental was laid out as a factorial 5 x 4 scheme (treatment x application time). Phosphites sources were used, as described above, and water was sprayed in the control treatment. Treatments were applied at four different growth stages: V4, V4 + R1, R1 and R2 at the rates recommended by the manufacturer. Soybean yield components and seeds and health and physiological quality were evaluated after harvesting. None of the tested phosphites affected mycelial growth and sclerotia germination or influenced phytoalexin synthesis. Phosphites C and D stood out due to an increasing in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity 48 hours after its inoculation. These same products also induced the synthesis and peroxidases and phosphite C kept the levels of this enzyme elevated up to 72 hours after inoculation. At the field trials, phosphites C and D stood out in the control of white mold. There was no significant interaction of potassium phosphite on physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds.

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Registra-se pela primeira vez a infestação natural de frutos de Garcinia acuminata Planch. & Triana e de Garcinia brasiliensis C. Martius (Malpighiales: Clusiaceae) por Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) no estado do Pará, Brasil. Garcinia acuminata é registrado como hospedeiro de moscas-das-frutas pela primeira vez no Brasil.

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O ataque dos ácaros Calacarus heveae Feres e Tenuipalpus heveae Baker em seringueira pode causar intenso desfolhamento precoce das plantas. É provável que a queda de folhas antes do período de senescência normal resulte em diminuição da capacidade fotossintética e como conseqüência, da produção. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do desfolhamento provocado por ácaros sobre a produção de látex da seringueira. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Reginópolis, SP, com o clone PB 235, no período de setembro de 2002 a agosto de 2003, com dois tratamentos: área tratada com defensivos agrícolas para evitar o desfolhamento e área sem pulverização. As plantas foram submetidas ao sistema de sangria 1/2 S d/5 6d/7. 10m/y. ET 3.3% 4/y e a produção foi pesada mensalmente. As amostragens dos ácaros foram realizadas com intervalo de 7 a 10 dias. O desfolhamento foi avaliado pela medição, com auxílio de um luxímetro, da intensidade de luz sob a copa das plantas. Houve diferença significativa na ocorrência dos ácaros. Para C. heveae, a média geral, de todas as avaliações, foi de 0,34 ácaros/cm² na área tratada e de 0,93 ácaros/cm², na área sem tratamento. Para T. heveae esses valores foram de 0,06 e 1,09 ácaros/cm², respectivamente. Como consequência, houve diferença significativa com relação ao desfolhamento e à produção nos meses de maio, junho, julho e agosto.

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The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a pest that limits the production of cotton, especially in the North East of Brazil. The present study aimed to estimate the infestation index and natural mortality of boll weevil at Caraibas County, located in the semi-arid of the Southwest ofBahia. The experiment was performed using the cultivar BSR Aroeira, at Fazenda Lagoa Seca, in 2006. Weekly evaluations were performed, in five sampling areas 25m2, collecting blossoms fallen on the ground. The infestation was estimated by counting the oviposition punctures and /or the feeding on blossoms, and also by the presence of one of the phases of the boll weevil in the inside. Mortality factors were studied through the dissection of blossoms, estimating predation, parasitism, dissection and disease. The results obtained allowed to conclude that the boll weevil determines high infestation levels in the region. Parasitism, dissection and predation, following this order, determine high rates of real mortality of the pest. Catolaccus grandis Burks, 1954 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Bracon sp.(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are parasitoids of boll weevil reported in sothwestern Bahia, being the first one the predominant species. © 2009, Sociedad Venezolana de Entomología.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)