CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas share molecular and phenotypic features.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified is a heterogeneous group of aggressive neoplasms with indistinct borders. By gene expression profiling we previously reported unsupervised clusters of peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified correlating with CD30 expression. In this work we extended the analysis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma molecular profiles to prototypical CD30(+) peripheral T-cell lymphomas (anaplastic large cell lymphomas), and validated mRNA expression profiles at the protein level. Existing transcriptomic datasets from peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified and anaplastic large cell lymphomas were reanalyzed. Twenty-one markers were selected for immunohistochemical validation on 80 peripheral T-cell lymphoma samples (not otherwise specified, CD30(+) and CD30(-); anaplastic large cell lymphomas, ALK(+) and ALK(-)), and differences between subgroups were assessed. Clinical follow-up was recorded. Compared to CD30(-) tumors, CD30(+) peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified were significantly enriched in ALK(-) anaplastic large cell lymphoma-related genes. By immunohistochemistry, CD30(+) peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified differed significantly from CD30(-) samples [down-regulated expression of T-cell receptor-associated proximal tyrosine kinases (Lck, Fyn, Itk) and of proteins involved in T-cell differentiation/activation (CD69, ICOS, CD52, NFATc2); upregulation of JunB and MUM1], while overlapping with anaplastic large cell lymphomas. CD30(-) peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified tended to have an inferior clinical outcome compared to the CD30(+) subgroups. In conclusion, we show molecular and phenotypic features common to CD30(+) peripheral T-cell lymphomas, and significant differences between CD30(-) and CD30(+) peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified, suggesting that CD30 expression might delineate two biologically distinct subgroups.

La playa de San Pedro de Antromero. Una actividad de geolog??a pr??ctica

Material fotocopiado. Actividades del aula

Gestão estratégica da segurança do trabalho na área industrial de uma usina de etanol, açúcar e energia elétrica

Conseguir lucratividade em uma usina produtora de etanol, açúcar e energia elétrica, sem acidentes do trabalho, passou a ser grande desafio. Portanto, a Gestão de Segurança transformou-se em estratégica, buscando levar o valor empresarial “segurança” como instrumento fundamental na execução da produção. Levantamos a história da implantação do Sistema de Gestão da Segurança da usina e também checamos através de indicadores universais de segurança, se os números alcançados, apresentam evolução satisfatória, procurando identificar as ações aplicadas e os resultados. No processo de evolução desse sistema, a usina tornou-se a primeira do mundo na obtenção de uma Certificação Internacional de Segurança (OHSAS 18001) do setor sucroenergético, além de alcançar quarto lugar em processamento de cana no Brasil. Aplicando o Instrumento ICOS – Inventário de Clima Organizacional de Segurança em 2005 e novamente em 2011, avaliamos se com crescimento da produção, aliado ao aumento do número de trabalhadores, o valor segurança manteve-se presente. Também apuramos possíveis fatores como tempo de empresa, escolaridade, proporção de acidentes e entrevistas com os responsáveis que contribuíram para a existência de setores há 16 anos sem perder um dia de trabalho por acidente. Finalmente, concluímos que lidar com gestão da segurança, capacita a empresa para enfrentar dificuldades do mercado, pois sucesso hoje, pode não valer para o dia seguinte caso ocorra acidente. Prevenir, educar, buscar conhecimento, celebrar, cobrar resultados e ousadia, definem o estilo de administração da usina estudada.

Número do tipo ponto flutuante com precisão estendida

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Pigmentação testicular e ciclo reprodutivo anual de Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 em populações de biomas distintos

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Controle biológico de thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: thaumastocoridae) com fungos entomopatogênicos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Polimorfismos de genes associados à resposta imune humoral em indivíduos naturalmente infectados pelo Plasmodium vivax no Estado do Pará

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur funktionellen Wechselwirkung von T-Helferzellen, regulatorischen T-Zellen und dendritischen Zellen

Dendritische Zellen (DC) verbinden angeborene und adaptive Immunität. Abhängig vom Aktivierungsgrad vermitteln sie Toleranz oder Immunität. Hier wurden konventionelle DC (kDC) und plasmazytoide DC (pDC) hinsichtlich ihrer T-Zellstimulation in An- und Abwesenheit regulatorischer T Zellen (Treg) verglichen. Als starke T-Zellstimulatoren induzieren aktivierte kDC Treg-Proliferation. Proliferierende Treg sind nicht suppressiv, weshalb T-Effektorzellen nach kDC-Stimulation in Treg-Anwesenheit proliferieren. Demgegenüber vermitteln aktivierte pDC nur schwache T-Zellstimulation, die aber ausreicht T-Effektorzellproliferation auszulösen. Aktivierte pDC brechen aber nicht die Anergie von Treg und induzieren daher nicht ihre Proliferation. Trotz der geringen T-Zellstimulation sind pDC in der Lage Proliferation und Expansion von T-Effektorzellen in Treg-Gegenwart zu bewirken. Dies konnte auf ein insuffizientes pDC-vermitteltes T-Zellrezeptorsignal für Treg zurückgeführt werden, das keine funktionelle pDC-vermittelte Treg-Aktivierung bewirkt.rnUnter homöostatischen Bedingung vermitteln DC Toleranz, so induzieren unreife kDC Treg in der Peripherie. Hierbei ist eine ICOS-vermittelte Kostimulation essentiell für die Induktion des IL-10-Rezeptors auf T-Zellen. Ein gleichzeitiges starkes CD28-Signal überkommt den ICOS-vermittelten Effekt und wirkt der IL-10R-Expression entgegen. Daher führt nur die Stimulation mit unreifen kDC zu IL-10-sensitiven T-Zellen in denen dann ein anergischer Phänotyp etabliert wird, der Teil des Differenzierungsprozesses zur induzierten Treg ist. Die ICOS/ICOS-L-Interaktion ist somit zentral für die Aufrechterhaltung peripherer Toleranz.rn

CTLA4-Ig Restores Rejection of MHC Class-II Mismatched Allografts by Disabling IL-2-Expanded Regulatory T Cells

Allograft acceptance and tolerance can be achieved by different approaches including inhibition of effector T cell responses through CD28-dependent costimulatory blockade and induction of peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs). The observation that Tregs rely upon CD28-dependent signals for development and peripheral expansion, raises the intriguing possibility of a counterproductive consequence of CTLA4-Ig administration on tolerance induction. We have investigated the possible negative effect of CTLA4-Ig on Treg-mediated tolerance induction using a mouse model of single MHC class II-mismatched skin grafts in which long-term acceptance was achieved by short-term administration of IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex. CTLA4-Ig treatment was found to abolish Treg-dependent acceptance in this model, restoring skin allograft rejection and Th1 alloreactivity. CTLA4-Ig inhibited IL-2-driven Treg expansion, and prevented in particular the occurrence of ICOS(+) Tregs endowed with potent suppressive capacities. Restoring CD28 signaling was sufficient to counteract the deleterious effect of CTLA4-Ig on Treg expansion and functionality, in keeping with the hypothesis that costimulatory blockade inhibits Treg expansion and function by limiting the delivery of essential CD28-dependent signals. Inhibition of regulatory T cell function should therefore be taken into account when designing tolerance protocols based on costimulatory blockade. Copyright 2012 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons

Ensayos de literatura cubana.

Cover-title: Literature cubana, ensayos crit́icos.

Moléculas coestimulatórias na leishmaniose visceral

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in many countries, including Brazil. The protozoan Leishmania infantum, is the etiological agent of VL, and is transmitted by the bite of female sandflies during the blood meal. The majority of subjects when exposed to the parasite do not develop the disease, because of development of Th1 cellular responses. Those who have develop signs of VL such as fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, have impairment of the cellular immune response, specific to the Leishmania antigens. We evaluated whether the specififc anergy during symptomatic VL, may be associated with changes in T cells costimulatory molecules or their ligands in CD14+ monocytes. There is an increase in CTLA-4 porcentage on CD4+ T lymphocytes (p=0.001) and ICOS on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (p=0.002 to CD4+ and p=0.003 to CD8+), after stimulation by soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) during active visceral leishmaniasis, and that there is a higher percentage of these molecules ex vivo, when comparing symptomatic to recovered individuals (p=0.04 to CTLA-4 in CD4+, and p=0.001 to ICOS in CD4+ and p=0.026 to CD8+). Moreover, we found a high gene expression of CTLA-4, OX-40 and ICOS during active VL. CD40, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR and ICOSL molecules do not suffer changes during disease. There is IFN-γ production by the peripheral blood cells, after SLA stimulation, by peripheral blood cells in symptomatic subjects; however, there is a decrease of the ratio IFN-γ/IL-10, which is reversed after clinical recovery. The impairment of some costimulatory molecules pathways during symptomatic VL could inhibit the ability of phagocytes to kill Leishmania and could facilitate their survival and the proliferation inside macrophages.

Immunotherapy for the treatment of poor prognosis cancers

Cancer is amongst the leading causes of death worldwide and the number one cause in the developed world. Every year there are close to 10 million cancer related deaths and this corresponds to hundreds of millions of euro in health care costs and lost productivity, placing a substantial drain on the economy. The efficacy of traditional treatment modalities for cancer therapy, such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy has plateaued, and while they are undoubtedly effective at prolonging patient lifespan, there is a high rate of adverse side effects and fatal reoccurrence. Currently, there is a huge amount of interest in the areas of cancer immunosurveillance and cancer immuno-editing, which explain some of the complex interactions between the host immune system and cancer. If left unchecked, cancerous malignancies have the ability to generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment, effectively shielding themselves from elimination and promoting tumour growth and progression. To overcome this, the potential of the immune system must be harnessed and the work undertaken in this thesis sought to contribute to this goal. Focus was placed on using novel therapies, combining tumour ablation with immune-modulating antibodies to maximise tumour elimination in an immune dependent manner, to overcome immunosuppression and promote immune activation. Chapter 2 focuses on the use of ECT as a method of tumour ablation and its effects on the immune system. ECT proved to be effective at inhibiting the tumour growth both in vitro and in vivo, and conferred significant survival advantages in both small and large animal models. More importantly, ECT proved to cause tumour death in an immune dependent manner, displaying the hallmarks of Immunogenic Cell Death, increases in immune cell infiltration and generating tumour-specific immune responses. Chapter 3 focuses on combining ECT with immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors; anti- CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1. Both combinations proved to be effective at inhibiting both primary and distal tumour growth, indicating the generation of tumour specific immune responses and prolonged animal survival. In addition, the treatments caused increases in the levels of certain intra-tumoural immune cell subsets and modulated the cytokine profile of treated animals in a way that was favourable overall. Chapter 4 focuses on the combining ECT with an anti-iCOS agonist antibody, capable of causing immune co-stimulation. This novel combinational therapy proved to be the most effective by far, with a high cure rate achieved across a number of different in vivo tumour models. Total regression was seen in both primary and distal tumours, as well as spontaneous metastases, with the tumour specific immune response generated conferring total protection to animals on tumour rechallenge. Overall the data presented here adds further insight into the area of cancer immunotherapy with some of the novel combinational therapies demonstrating substantial clinic potential.