886 resultados para gestão de recursos hídricos
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The reality of water resources management in semiarid regions, such as the Seridó region, has been shaped by a complex chain involving social-cultural, political, economic and environmental aspects, covering different spheres of activity - from local to federal. Because water is a scarce element, the most rational way pointed out by our recent history has been to move towards an increasing emphasis on the need for a truly rational, integrated, sustainable and participatory water resources management, supported by legislation and by a network of institutions that could materialize it. In this sense, despite all the advances in the formulation of public policies in water resources, which ones have indeed lead to significant changes that have occurred or are underway in semiarid regions such as Seridó? What factors may be preventing the realization of the desires rationality embedded in the framers of water policies intents? How to properly manage water resources if the current actors who promote their management and the political, human, cultural and institutional processes that intervene in this management, show strong traces of unsustainability? The research methodology adopted in this paper led to a breakdown of the traditional approach to water resource management, to integrate it into other areas of knowledge, especially to political science and public administration, catalyzed by the concept of "sustainable development". From a broad, interdisciplinary literature review, an exhaustive characterization of the river basin Seridó, a set of interviews with key people in the public administration acting in the region, a series of diagnoses and a set of propositions were made in order to correct the direction of current public policies for the region. From the point of view of public policies, it is in the deployment phase, not in its formulation, which lies a major problem of the lack of significant progress in water management. The lack of coordination between government programs are well characterized, as well as the lack of efficiency and effectiveness of their actions. The causes of this secular model are also discussed, including political factors and social relations of production, which led to a stalemate difficult, but of possible solution. It can be perceived there is a scenario of progressive deterioration of natural resources of the fragile ecosystem and a network of environmental and social consequences difficult to reverse, the result of a persistent and inertial sociopolitical culture, whose main factors reinforce itself. The work leads towards a characterization of the water resources management also from the perspective of environmental, institutional, political and human sustainability , the latter being identified, particularly as investment in the development of people as autonomous beings - not based in ideological directives of any kind - in the emancipation of the traditional figure of the poor man of the hinterland" to the "catalyst for change" responsible for their own decisions or omissions, based upon an education for free-thinking that brings each one as co-responsible epicenter of (self-) sustainable changes in their midst
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By remote sensing, geodatabase digital processing, information and expeditions to Capivara's sub-basin, was possible to identify the changes in the landscape mainly the expansion of eucalyptus, sugar-cane, and orange trees, being the last two, mainly on the Periferic Depression of Basaltic Cuesta. A significant portion of the soil on this geological area is formed from sandstones, providing high permeability to them, making them important places to groundwater recharge areas as sensible to contamination by pesticides. Throughout last decade was observed that the native vegetation fragments stabilization, keeping a reason of 26.5% on the land used between 2000 and 2010. The pasture decrease being substituted by eucalyptus, sugar-cane and orange trees call attention for the changes in the agribusiness model demanded by the current economic and social necessity. Pasture decrease followed by erosions decrease on sub-basin is evidence that these two aspects are strongly related.
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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A área de estudo deste trabalho engloba as bacias hidrográficas dos rios Aguapeí e Peixe, localizadas a Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Estas por sua vez estão vinculadas aos Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas Aguapeí e Peixe (CBH-AP). Diante da iminência da implementação da política de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos nessa área, o presente trabalho apresenta em linhas gerais o estudo da vazão específica de forma que os resultados possam contribuir com os órgãos públicos de gestão a fim de que se execute uma gestão mais efetiva dos recursos hídricos. Com base em dados hidrológicos das estações fluviométricas inventariadas através do Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo (SIGRH) e da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) nas duas bacias hidrográficas, procedeu-se o estudo da vazão específica. Os resultados desses estudos apontam para uma maior variabilidade da vazão específica média na bacia hidrográfica do rio do Peixe, uma vez que ao longo da série histórica essa bacia apresenta maiores valores de vazão, foi possível também observar as mudanças no comportamento da vazão hidrológica nas duas bacias hidrográficas, ou seja, através dos três períodos hidrológicos identificados foi possível depreender que a vazão específica média em um período se mostra bem distribuída em ambas as bacias hidrográficas, em outro período hidrológico essa distribuição já se apresenta mais desigual. Tais informações possibilitam aos órgãos de gestão um planejamento mais refinado e eficiente
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Neste trabalho priorizou-se a visão da água enquanto bem público. No seu tratamento, dado que a economia neoclássica tradicional não nos oferece uma resposta desejável, pisamos o campo da Economia Institucional: da importância das instituições para o desenvolvimento até os diferentes arranjos institucionais, com o aparecimento de múltiplos agentes. Com isso procuramos atacar o problema do “carona”, e mostrar como pode haver cooperação entre os agentes para a produção de um bem público, no caso a água. Em posse desses argumentos, mostramos como é feita a atual gestão dos recursos hídricos no Brasil, descentralizada e participativa, através dos Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas. Em seguida mostramos como a articulação regional, diante de um cenário de escassez hídrica para abastecimento antrópico, e seus consequentes conflitos, anterior à formação dos CBHs, contribuiu para pressionar um tradicional segmento da indústria na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), o Pólo Petroquímico, e como a opção pela reutilização da água tornou-se uma alternativa não só viável, como economicamente interessante, a ponto da Sabesp e da construtora Odebrecht iniciarem o projeto Aquapolo Ambiental
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The expansion of urban in medium-sized citie, increase the importance of action planning and management of natural resources, among which water is the most important. Such action should include the integration of physical and man-made elements involved. In this context, it becomesimportant for watershed analysis and the use of geotecnologies. Thus, the objective was to demonstrate the contribution of the geo, as a tool for managing a river basin, allowing the integration of physical data and the analysis of anthropogenic environmental scenarios in urban areas. The area chosen, the basin of the Wenzel, is located in Rio Claro / SP, a city whose urbanization process has been intense and continuous. Thematic maps were generated from the physical environment: soil, slope and geological, as well as maps of land use. With regard to land use maps, these were drawn from the visual interpretation of material aerophotogrammetric, considering the years 1995 and 2010, performing an evolutionary analysis. It was observed that the area presents small variation in the physical and structural aspects, with lithological and geomorphological formation favoring the occurrence of floods, erosion and siltation. These processes are accelerated by the forms of land use, with intense urbanization during the period between 1995 and 2010, and poor preservation of permanent preservation areasand. In the floodplain areas there is a high waste disposal is the most notable environmental problem