303 resultados para formigas-cortadeiras
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Leafcutter ants are considered pests in agriculture for their impact in human crops, as they behave utilizing foliar fragments to raise their simbiont fungi (Agaricales: Lepiotaceae) inside their nest. Recent studies have noticed that other fungi may be associated to ants inside their nests, for instance, fungi with melanized wall, known by “dematiaceous”. Historically, many black fungi have been noticed as fitopathogens of many plant cultures with economic importance, highlighting dematiaceous ecological behavior importance in this study. This investigation had the purpose of amplifying ecological knowledge of this fungi, isolating and identificating dematiaceous fungi found in Attini nests, having the intention of understanding plant pathogens dispersion by ants. In this work, 66 isolates were characterized in the following genus: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Oxyporus, Rhodotorula, Bipolaris, Curvularia, Fusarium, Giberella, Paraphaeosphaeria, and Cladosporium. The genus Bipolaris, Curvularia, Fusarium and Giberella are known for their opportunistic behaviour, with some published human infections in literature. Fusarium is a notorious fitopathogen, with wide number of descriptions and studies involving pathogenicity development, biochemistry and genetics. The isolates outline is of phyto – associated (phytopathogens, endophytic or epiphitic), fulfilling this work intention in alarming fungi capacity of dispersal by ants. The comprehension of phytopathogenical processes may be clarified based on the knowledge of oportunistics fungi that may utilize ants bodies for their own dispersal. The identification of isolates with capacity of infecting humans brings out public health issues.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Annually, mature colonies of Atta ants produce winged males and females, where leave the colony in which they were produced to form new colonies and thus continue the species perpetuation. The foundation of Atta spp. colonies always involves high queen effort, solely responsible for growing the fungus and the care with itself and its offspring. During the foundation there is consumption of body reserves. This study investigated how the environment influences the development of newly founded colonies of leaf cutting ant, Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Therefore, it was compared field colonies collected five months after the nuptial flight and colonies maintained in the laboratory since the nuptial flight. It was analyzed the weight and size of the population (number of workers, larvae, pupae and eggs), the workers size, the volume and weight of the fungus garden and queen effort for the nest foundation (lipid content and weight of queens). In comparison to the field colonies, the laboratory colonies showed higher values in the weight and size of population, the volume and weight of the fungus garden. Measures of workers by class size did not vary between colonies from field and laboratory. The queen effort for nest foundation was higher in field colonies, which showed a lower percentage of fat and lower weight compared to laboratory colonies. These results show that the environment has a strong influence on the colonies development during the foundation, as well as on the physiological status of the queens, and therefore the survival, development and success of the colony, it is a reflection of the queen efforts and of the environment conditions.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Este trabalho foi realizado em reflorestamentos de eucalipto híbrido urograndis (Eucalyptus urophyllaX Eucalyptus grandis)da Jari Celulose S.A, no município de Almerim, Pará, de julho de 1993 a janeiro de 1994. Objetivou-se testar a eficiência da isca granulada Mirex-S (sulfluramida 0,3%), nas dosagens de 6, 8 e 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro, em comparação com 10 gramas de uma isca a base de dodecacloro (0,45%) para o controle de Atta cephalotes(Hymenoptera: Formicidae). A isca Mirex-S apresentou índices de controle, respectivamente, de 72,70%, 83,33% e 91,67%, em contrapartida com 87,50% da isca a base de dodecacloro. A isca Mirex-S, a 8 e 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro, pode substituir com eficiência as iscas à base de dodecacloro para o controle de A. cephalotes.
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Este trabalho foi realizado em reflorestamento de eucalipto da Jari Celulose S.A., no município de Almerim, Pará, de setembro de 1996 a janeiro de 1997. Objetivou-se testar a eficiência de duas iscas granuladas à base de sulfluramida e outra à base de clorpirifós, nas dosagens de 4, 6, 8 e 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro, para o controle de Acromyrmex laticeps nigroselosus Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). As duas iscas com sulfluramida, nas dosagens testadas, apresentaram acima de 99,0% de transporte e nenhuma devolução. Todos os formigueiros tratados, com essas iscas, estavam mortos na avaliação final, enquanto a eficiência da isca com clorpirifós variou de 55,56 a 66,67%, para as diferentes dosagens testadas. As iscas à base de sulfluramida podem ser recomendadas para o controle de A. laticeps nigrosetosus na região do trópico úmido do Brasil.
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As formigas cortadeiras apresentam uma sofisticada divisão de trabalho durante o forrageamento, cultivo do jardim de fungo e devolução dos materiais forrageados. Materiais com diferentes graus de hidratação e dureza (esponja floral, isopor, plástico e argila) foram oferecidos a duas colônias de laboratório de Acromyrmex subterraneus brunneus Forel, 1911. As diferentes categorias de tamanho de operárias foram observadas durante a execução de 14 subtarefas. Probabilidade relativa de desempenho e as curvas aloéticas foram usadas para verificar a flexibilidade comportamental e os padrões comportamentais estereotipados das operárias. Os padrões comportamentais possibilitaram estabelecer papeis dentro de prováveis subcastas.