Flare-up reactions in severe drug hypersensitivity: infection or ongoing T-cell hyperresponsiveness

"Flare-up" reactions are late manifestations of severe T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions. Management is anti-inflammatory treatment and avoiding unnecessary medicines. Symptoms like fever, lymph node swelling, and blood count abnormalities may lead to confusion with bacterial infections. For prompt recognition it is important to keep the differential diagnosis in mind.

Optical and ultraviolet observations of a strong flare in the young, single K2 dwarf LQ Hya

We present high-resolution optical echelle spectra and IUE observations during a strong flare on 1993 December 22 in the very active, young, rapidly rotating, single K2 dwarf LQ Hya. The initial impulsive phase of the flare, which started sometime between 2:42 ut and 4:07 ut, was characterized by strong optical continuum enhancement and blueshifted emission lines with broad wings. The optical chromospheric lines reached their maximum intensity at ≈ 5:31 ut, by which time the blueshift vanished and the optical continuum enhancement had sharply decreased. Thereafter, the line emission slowly decreased and the lines redshift in a gradual phase that lasted at least two more hours. The Mg II lines behaved similarly. Quiescent C IV flux levels were not recovered until 21 h later, though a data gap and a possible second flare make the interpretation uncertain. In addition to the typically flare-enhanced emission lines (e.g., H α and H β), we observe He I D_3 going into emission, plus excess emission (after subtraction of the quiescent spectrum) in other He I and several strong neutral metal lines (e.g., Mg I b). Flare enhancement of the far-ultraviolet continuum generally agrees with an Si I recombination model. We estimate the total flare energy, and discuss the broad components, asymmetries and Doppler shifts seen in some of the emission lines.

Li I enhancement during a long-duration stellar flare

We report the possible detection of a Li I λ6708 Å line enhancement during an unusual long-duration optical flare in the recently discovered, X-ray/EUV selected, chromospherically active binary 2RE J0743+224. The Li I equivalent width (EW) variations follow the temporal evolution of the flare and large changes are observed in the intensity of the line. The maximum Li I enhancement (40% in EW) occurs just after the maximum chromospheric emission observed in the flare. A significant increase of the Li^-6/Li^-7 isotopic ratio is also detected. No significant simultaneous variations are detected in other photospheric lines. Neither line blends nor starspots seem to be the primary cause of the observed Li I line variation. From all this we suggest that this Li I enhancement is produced by spallation reactions during the flare.

MAX '91 : flare research at the next solar maximum.

"January 1988"--Cover.

Operator's and organizational maintenance manual (including repair parts and special tools list) : flare, aircraft, parachute, white, MK 45 MOD O (FSN 1370-088-5658-L473); flare, aircraft, parachute, MK 45 MOD O with adapter for dispenser XM19, (FSN 1370-461-1526-L424); and dispenser, flare, XM19, (FSN 1370-179-6011-L106).

"July 1974."

Operator's and organizational maintenance manual : flare, aircraft, parachute, Mk24, all mods.

"December 1972."

Hough Transform Approach to Identification of Flare Stars in Multi-exposure Plate Images

ACM Computing Classification System (1998): I.2.8 , I.2.10, I.5.1, J.2.

Suppression of Hydrogen Emission in a White-light Solar Flare

We present an analysis of an X-class flare that occurred on 11 June 2014 in active region NOAA 12087 using a newly developed high cadence Image
Selector operated by Astronomical Institute in Ondrejov, Czech Republic. This instrument provides spectra in the 350 - 440 nm wavelength range, which
covers the higher order Balmer lines as well as the Balmer jump at 364 nm. However, no detectable increase in these emissions were detected during
the flare, and support observations from SDO/EVE MEGS-B also show that the Lyman line series and recombination continuum were also suppressed,
particularly when compared to an M-class flare that occurred an hour earlier, and two other X-class flares on the preceding day. The X-class flare under
investigation also showed strong white light emission in SDO/HMI data, as well as an extremely hard electron spectrum ( 3.6), and
-ray emission,
from RHESSI data. This unique combination of datasets allows us to conclude that the white light emission from this flare corresponds to a black body
heated by high-energy electrons (and/or ions), as opposed to optical chromospheric emission from hydrogen.

Auricular Chondritis in a Postpartum Flare of SLE and APS

Introduction: Auricular chondritis has been occasionally described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Materials and methods: We report the case of a woman with a previous history of APS who presented with auricular chondritis with onset of SLE symptoms during the postpartum period. Conclusion: SLE and APS should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of auricular chondritis.

MAGIC observations of the February 2014 flare of 1ES 1011+496 and ensuing constraint of the EBL density

Context. In February-March 2014, the MAGIC telescopes observed the high-frequency peaked BL Lac 1ES 1011+496 (z=0.212) in flaring state at very-high energy (VHE, E>100GeV). The flux reached a level more than 10 times higher than any previously recorded flaring state of the source. Aims. Description of the characteristics of the flare presenting the light curve and the spectral parameters of the night-wise spectra and the average spectrum of the whole period. From these data we aim at detecting the imprint of the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) in the VHE spectrum of the source, in order to constrain its intensity in the optical band. Methods. We analyzed the gamma-ray data from the MAGIC telescopes using the standard MAGIC software for the production of the light curve and the spectra. For the constraining of the EBL we implement the method developed by the H.E.S.S. collaboration in which the intrinsic energy spectrum of the source is modeled with a simple function (< 4 parameters), and the EBL-induced optical depth is calculated using a template EBL model. The likelihood of the observed spectrum is then maximized, including a normalization factor for the EBL opacity among the free parameters. Results. The collected data allowed us to describe the flux changes night by night and also to produce di_erential energy spectra for all nights of the observed period. The estimated intrinsic spectra of all the nights could be fitted by power-law functions. Evaluating the changes in the fit parameters we conclude that the spectral shape for most of the nights were compatible, regardless of the flux level, which enabled us to produce an average spectrum from which the EBL imprint could be constrained. The likelihood ratio test shows that the model with an EBL density 1:07 (-0.20,+0.24)stat+sys, relative to the one in the tested EBL template (Domínguez et al. 2011), is preferred at the 4:6 σ level to the no-EBL hypothesis, with the assumption that the intrinsic source spectrum can be modeled as a log-parabola. This would translate into a constraint of the EBL density in the wavelength range [0.24 μm,4.25 μm], with a peak value at 1.4 μm of λF_ = 12:27^(+2:75)_ (-2:29) nW m^(-2) sr^(-1), including systematics.

Attenuation of thermal radiation from flare through water curtains on offshore platform.

Flaring has been widely used in the upstream operation of the oil and gas industry, both onshore and offshore. It is considered a safe and reliable way to protect assets from overpressure and the environment from toxic gas using combustion. However, there are drawbacks to using flares, such as vibration and thermal radiation. Excessive contact with thermal radiation is harmful to offshore personnel and equipment. Research organizations and companies have invested time and money to combat this. Many technologies have been developed so far to reduce the risk of thermal radiation, one of them being the water curtain system. Several tests were done to see the effectiveness of the water curtain system in mitigating thermal radiation in an offshore environment. Each test varied in the flare output, wind speed, and the size of water droplets size of the water curtain. Later, the results of each test were compared and analyzed. The results showed that a water curtain system could be a solution to excessive thermal radiation that comes from an offshore flare. Moreover, the water curtain with smaller water droplets diameter gives a more favorable result in reducing thermal radiation. These results suggest that, although it offers simplicity and efficiency, designing an efficient water curtain system requires deep study. Various conditions, such as wind speed, flare intensity, and the size of the water droplets, plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the water curtain system in attenuating thermal radiation.

Effectiveness of different final irrigation protocols in removing debris in flattened root canals

This study evaluated in vitro the capacity of debris removal from the apical third of flattened root canals, using different final irrigation protocols. Thirty human mandibular central incisors with a mesiodistal flattened root were prepared using rotary instrumentation by Endo-Flare 25.12 and Hero 642 30.06, 35.02, 40.02 files, irrigated with 2 mL of 1% NaOCl after each file. The specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups according to the final irrigation of root canals: Group I: 10 mL of distilled water (control), Group II: 10 mL of 1% NaOCl for 8 min, Group III: 2 mL of 1% NaOCl for 2 min (repeated 4 times), Group IV: 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 8 min, and Group V: 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 2 min (repeated 4 times). The apical thirds of the specimens were subjected to histological processing and 6-μm cross-sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The specimens were examined under optical microscopy at ×40 magnification and the images were subjected to morphometric analysis using the Scion image-analysis software. The total area of root canal and the area with debris were measured in square millimeters. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) among the groups GI (2.39 ± 3.59), GII (2.91 ± 2.21), GIII (0.73 ± 1.36), GIV (0.95 ± 0.84) and GV (0.51 ± 0.22). In conclusion, the final irrigation protocols evaluated in this study using the Luer syringe presented similar performance in the removal of debris from the apical third of flattened root canals.

Influence of cervical preflaring on determinationof apical file size in mandibular molars: SEM analysis

This study investigated the influence of cervical preflaring with different rotary instruments on determination of the initial apical file (IAF) in mesiobuccal roots of mandibular molars. Fifty human mandibular molars whose mesial roots presented two clearly separated apical foramens (mesiobuccal and mesiolingual) were used. After standard access opening and removal of pulp tissue, the working length (WL) was determined at 1 mm short of the root apex. Five groups (n=10) were formed at random, according to the type of instrument used for cervical preflaring. In group 1, the size of the IAF was determined without preflaring of the cervical and middle root canal thirds. In groups 2 to 5, preflaring was performed with Gates-Glidden drills, ProTaper instruments, EndoFlare instruments and LA Axxes burs, respectively. Canals were sized manually with K-files, starting with size 08 K-files, inserted passively up to the WL. File sizes were increased until a binding sensation was felt at the WL and the size of the file was recorded. The instrument corresponding to the IAF was fixed into the canal at the WL with methylcyanoacrylate. The teeth were then sectioned transversally 1 mm short of the apex, with the IAF in position. Cross-sections of the WL region were examined under scanning electron microscopy and the discrepancies between canal diameter and the diameter of IAF were calculated using the tool "rule" (FEG) of the microscope's proprietary software. The measurements (µm) were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests at 5% significance level. There were statistically significant differences among the groups (p<0.05). The non-flared group had the greatest discrepancy (125.30 ± 51.54) and differed significantly from all flared groups (p<0.05). Cervical preflaring with LA Axxess burs produced the least discrepancies (55.10 ± 48.31), followed by EndoFlare instruments (68.20 ± 42.44), Gattes Glidden drills (68.90 ± 42.46) and ProTaper files (77.40 ± 73.19). However, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found among the rotary instruments. In conclusion, cervical preflaring improved IAF fitting to the canals at the WL in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars. The rotary instruments evaluated in this study did not differ from each other regarding the discrepancies produced between the IAF size and canal diameter at the WL.