Necessidades de formação de professoras principiantes da educação infantil/pré-escola

This work arose from our concerns with the issues of teacher training for early childhood education. From the difficulties encountered as a novice teacher in elementary, we deem important to research training needs of these professionals. Thus, we define the objective of this research to investigate the training needs of novice teachers teaching Early Childhood Education/Elementary school. Our work fits in Educational Research Qualitative Approach, and its construction procedures of the semistructured interview data and document analysis. Our empirical field was made up of schools in the metropolitan region of Natal / RN, offering kindergarten / elementary school. The subjects are five teachers who act as holder of the elementary school class and have 0-3 years of teaching practice, characterizing the second Huberman (2007) as novice teachers. Data analysis, based on principles of content analysis, three themes emerged: Beginner Teaching Professor in Early Childhood Education / Preschool; Reasons explaining the difficulties Faculty / Formative Needs Teaching and Training in Early Childhood Education / Elementary school, from the Training Needs Analysis, with their respective categories, subcategories, contributing to our understanding of the subject matter. The entry into the profession is marked by mixed feelings of euphoria and fear, where there seems to be a "clash" with reality. The difficulties are related to the planning / execution of activities, meet the individual needs of learning and assessment of children. As a strategy to overcome the difficulties the teachers exercise the action-reflection-action in their practices and seek continuous updates in the theoretical and methodological framework of early childhood education. The reasons that define these difficulties may be related to the teacher, school, family, and students of these institutions. In experiencing these difficulties has outlined the need for teacher training, among which stand out studies on ethics in teaching with children, the concept of children and their childhoods, peculiarities of teaching / learning in preschool, toys and legal determinations on early childhood education, multi-language and expressions in early childhood education, specific content areas of knowledge, among others. Furthermore, studies on the theoretical as Piaget, Vigotsky, Maria Carmen Barbosa and Emily Smith. For these professionals to be a professional early childhood education is: like children, be patient and careful, have specific theoretical and practical training for teachers in kindergarten, being able to improvise with seriousness and competence and get updates on continuing education. The surveys, together with the authors and teachers, to confirm our understanding that the training needs of beginners may be related to shortcomings in the initial and continuing education

Perioperative administration of vedaprofen, tramadol or their combination does not interfere with platelet aggregation, bleeding time and biochemical variables in cats

A randomized double blind and placebo controlled design was used to investigate the hemostatic, biochemical, gastrointestinal and behavioral effects of pre- and postoperative administration of vedaprofen 0.5 mg/kg PO (V), tramadol 2 mg/kg SC (T), their association (VT) or placebo (P) in 40 adult female cats (3.0 +/- 0.32 kg; 1.8 +/- 0.7 years) distributed in groups of 10. Platelet aggregation and bleeding time were measured before and 52 11 after ovariohysterectomy. Serum urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrations were measured before and 7 days postoperatively. The occurrence of vomiting, frequency and consistency of feces, and behavior were observed for 7 days postoperatively. Morphine (0.5 mg/kg, IM) was used as rescue analgesic. Laboratory variables did not change. Vomiting was observed only after morphine administration. Mild euphoria was observed in T and VT. The perioperative use of vedaprofen and/or tramadol did not modify the hemostatic, biochemical and gastrointestinal function in cats. (C) 2009 ESFM and AAFP. published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Toward an Explanation of the Genesis of Ketamine-Induced Perceptual Distortions and Hallucinatory States

The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) channel has been proposed to function as a coincidence-detection mechanism for afferent and reentrant signals, supporting conscious perception, learning, and memory formation. In this paper we discuss the genesis of distorted perceptual states induced by subanesthetic doses of ketamine, a well-known NMDA antagonist. NMDAR blockage has been suggested to perturb perceptual processing in sensory cortex, and also to decrease GABAergic inhibition in limbic areas (leading to an increase in dopamine excitability). We propose that perceptual distortions and hallucinations induced by ketamine blocking of NMDARs are generated by alternative signaling pathways, which include increase of excitability in frontal areas, and glutamate binding to AMPA in sensory cortex prompting Ca++ entry through voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). This mechanism supports the thesis that glutamate binding to AMPA and NMDARs at sensory cortex mediates most normal perception, while binding to AMPA and activating VDCCs mediates some types of altered perceptual states. We suggest that Ca++ metabolic activity in neurons at associative and sensory cortices is an important factor in the generation of both kinds of perceptual consciousness.

Lychee propagation (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): A comparative study of rootstocks

The lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonnerat), of the family Sapindaceae, is a highly valued fruit throughout the world. It is native to southern China, but it is cultivated in many parts of the world. In Brazil, the cultivation of the lychee was initiated in the 1970s in the State of São Paulo and has been increasing in production even though the crop size still averages only 1.4 ha per producer. The low crop size is attributed to the high cost of seedlings and the amount of time required for the plant to bear fruit. These factors discourage planting in large areas. The purpose of this research is to study some aspects of what is vitally important for the production of lychee seedlings on a large scale, with low cost and good genetic quality. Tests were performed using rootstocks from seeds of lychee and longan (Euphoria longan Lam.). Scions for grafting were taken from plants of lychee 'Bengal' in the collection of fruit species from FCAV-UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil. The experiments were started in September 2007 and the grafting process was performed in each month of the year finishing in August 2008. During this period the influence of these criteria were evaluated: 1) time of the year; 2) species of rootstock; 3) percentage of grafting success; 4) stem height at grafting point; 5) stem diameter at grafting point. Therefore, through statistical analysis we obtained significant differences in relation to the rootstock used, the months of the year in which the grafting was performed and the interaction between rootstock and the month in which the grafting was performed.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease are related to functional connectivity alterations in the salience network

Neuropsychiatric syndromes are highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their neurobiology is not completely understood. New methods in functional magnetic resonance imaging, such as intrinsic functional connectivity or resting-state analysis, may help to clarify this issue. Using such approaches, alterations in the default-mode and salience networks (SNs) have been described in Alzheimer's, although their relationship with specific symptoms remains unclear. We therefore carried out resting-state functional connectivity analysis with 20 patients with mild to moderate AD, and correlated their scores on neuropsychiatric inventory syndromes (apathy, hyperactivity, affective syndrome, and psychosis) with maps of connectivity in the default mode network and SN. In addition, we compared network connectivity in these patients with that in 17 healthy elderly control subjects. All analyses were controlled for gray matter density and other potential confounds. Alzheimer's patients showed increased functional connectivity within the SN compared with controls (right anterior cingulate cortex and left medial frontal gyrus), along with reduced functional connectivity in the default-mode network (bilateral precuneus). A correlation between increased connectivity in anterior cingulate cortex and right insula areas of the SN and hyperactivity syndrome (agitation, irritability, aberrant motor behavior, euphoria, and disinhibition) was found. These findings demonstrate an association between specific network changes in AD and particular neuropsychiatric symptom types. This underlines the potential clinical significance of resting state alterations in future diagnosis and therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Brazilian version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician rating scale (NPI-C): Reliability and validity in dementia

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with dementia may be unable to describe their symptoms, and caregivers frequently suffer emotional burden that can interfere with judgment of the patient's behavior. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician rating scale (NPI-C) was therefore developed as a comprehensive and versatile instrument to assess and accurately measure neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia, thereby using information from caregiver and patient interviews, and any other relevant available data. The present study is a follow-up to the original, cross-national NPI-C validation, evaluating the reliability and concurrent validity of the NPI-C in quantifying psychopathological symptoms in dementia in a large Brazilian cohort. Methods: Two blinded raters evaluated 312 participants (156 patient-knowledgeable informant dyads) using the NPI-C for a total of 624 observations in five Brazilian centers. Inter-rater reliability was determined through intraclass correlation coefficients for the NPI-C domains and the traditional NPI. Convergent validity included correlations of specific domains of the NPI-C with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Index (CMAI), the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and the Apathy Inventory (AI). Results: Inter-rater reliability was strong for all NPI-C domains. There were high correlations between NPI-C/delusions and BPRS, NPI-C/apathy-indifference with the AI, NPI-C/depression-dysphoria with the CSDD, NPI-C/agitation with the CMAI, and NPI-C/aggression with the CMAI. There was moderate correlation between the NPI-C/aberrant vocalizations and CMAI and the NPI-C/hallucinations with the BPRS. Conclusion: The NPI-C is a comprehensive tool that provides accurate measurement of NPS in dementia with high concurrent validity and inter-rater reliability in the Brazilian setting. In addition to universal assessment, the NPI-C can be completed by individual domains. © International Psychogeriatric Association 2013.

Olhar tecer des: (cor)pos forças fluxos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Em busca do Império: a trajetória intelectual e política de Eduardo Prado

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Contra o liberalismo, a favor da democracia: a concepção política da igreja católica em meados do século XX

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Abordagem semiótica dos textos de auto-ajuda

Pós-graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa - FCLAR

A (trans)formação do turismo no município de Brotas, SP: a relação entre o morador e o turista

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O militante em cena: Gianfrancesco Guarnieri e Eles não usam black tie

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Copa do mundo de futebol de 1950: critérios de noticiabilidade e análise de conteúdo da cobertura realizada pelo jornalismo de revista brasileiro

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

Discourse and bipolar disorder: Narrative therapy on northeast Brazil

Background: The expression 'bipolar disorder' refers to any of several psychological disorders of mood that alternate episodes of depression and mania. Also called manic depression or manic-depressive illness, it is a relatively common but unknown pathology that brings some stigmas for patients and provokes deleterious effects for their lives. This research aimed to comprehend actions, behaviors and emotions involved with bipolar disorder, through narratives of patient's personal and familiar histories. Methods: We surveyed 30 patients from a psychiatric service located in Aparecida, Paraiba, Brazil. Selected patients had bipolar disorder according to DSM-IV. For data collection, we used non-structured interview, approaching specific aspects related to bipolar disorder. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were done and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) was used. Results: Most of patients presented depressive actions associated with moderate euphoria. 11 of them related familiar history of psychopathology. Mania and hippomania were prevalent on male gender, while psychotic symptoms overlay ate female. Conclusion: Patients lack a translation of behavioral and temperamental processes to minimize harm caused to their lives.

Informationsstrukturen der protokollbasierten Medizin

Die protokollbasierte Medizin stellt einen interdisziplinären Brennpunkt der Informatik dar. Als besonderer Ausschnitt der medizinischen Teilgebiete erlaubt sie die relativ formale Spezifikation von Prozessen in den drei Bereichen der Prävention, Diagnose und Therapie.Letzterer wurde immer besonders fokussiert und gilt seit jeher im Rahmen klinischer Studien als Projektionsfläche für informationstechnologische Konzepte. Die Euphorie der frühen Jahre ernüchtert sich jedoch bei jeder Bilanz. Nur sehr wenige der unzählbaren Projekte haben ihre Routine in der alltäglichen Praxis gefunden. Die meisten Vorhaben sind an der Illusion der vollständigen Berechenbarkeit medizinischer Arbeitsabläufe gescheitert. Die traditionelle Sichtweise der klinischen Praxis beruht auf einer blockorientierten Vorstellung des Therapieausführungsprozesses. Sie entsteht durch seine Zerlegung in einzelne Therapiezweige, welche aus vordefinierten Blöcken zusammengesetzt sind. Diese können sequentiell oder parallel ausgeführt werden und sind selbst zusammengesetzt aus jeweils einer Menge von Elementen,welche die Aktivitäten der untersten Ebene darstellen. Das blockorientierte Aufbaumodell wird ergänzt durch ein regelorientiertes Ablaufmodell. Ein komplexes Regelwerk bestimmt Bedingungen für die zeitlichen und logischen Abhängigkeiten der Blöcke, deren Anordnung durch den Ausführungsprozeß gebildet wird. Die Modellierung der Therapieausführung steht zunächst vor der grundsätzlichen Frage, inwieweit die traditionelle Sichtweise für eine interne Repräsentation geeignet ist. Das übergeordnete Ziel besteht in der Integration der unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Therapiespezifikation. Dazu gehört nicht nur die strukturelle Komponente, sondern vorallem die Ablaufkomponente. Ein geeignetes Regelmodell ist erforderlich, welches den spezifischen Bedürfnissen der Therapieüberwachung gerecht wird. Die zentrale Aufgabe besteht darin, diese unterschiedlichen Ebenen zusammenzuführen. Eine sinnvolle Alternative zur traditionellen Sichtweise liefert das zustandsorientierte Modell des Therapieausführungsprozesses. Das zustandsorientierte Modell beruht auf der Sichtweise, daß der gesamte Therapieausführungsprozeß letztendlich eine lineare Folge von Zuständen beschreibt, wobei jeder Zustandsübergang durch ein Ereignis eingeleitet wird, an bestimmte Bedingungen geknüpft ist und bestimmte Aktionen auslösen kann. Die Parallelität des blockorientierten Modells tritt in den Hintergrund, denn die Menge der durchzuführenden Maßnahmen sind lediglich Eigenschaften der Zustände und keine strukturellen Elemente der Ablaufspezifikation. Zu jedem Zeitpunkt ist genau ein Zustand aktiv, und er repräsentiert eine von endlich vielen klinischen Situationen, mit all ihren spezifischen Aktivitäten und Ausführungsregeln. Die Vorteile des zustandsorientierten Modells liegen in der Integration. Die Grundstruktur verbindet die statische Darstellung der möglichen Phasenanordnungen mit der dynamischen Ausführung aktiver Regeln. Die ursprünglichen Inhalte des blockorientierten Modells werden als gewöhnliche Eigenschaften der Zustände reproduziert und stellen damit nur einen Spezialfall der zustandsbezogenen Sicht dar.Weitere Möglichkeiten für die Anreicherung der Zustände mit zusätzlichen Details sind denkbar wie sinnvoll. Die Grundstruktur bleibt bei jeder Erweiterung jedoch die gleiche. Es ergibt sich ein wiederverwendbares Grundgerüst,ein gemeinsamer Nenner für die Erfüllung der Überwachungsaufgabe.