Étude longitudinale du lien entre la justice organisationnelle et le niveau d’engagement organisationnel chez les travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre l’impact de la justice organisationnelle sur l’engagement organisationnel des travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC). Afin d’étudier ce sujet, trois hypothèses de recherche ont été formulés à partir des théories suivantes : 1- la théorie des attentes d’Adams (1965), 2- la théorie de l’échange social de Blau (1964) et 3- la théorie de Leventhal (1980). La première hypothèse stipule que, toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, la justice distributive fait augmenter l’engagement affectif des travailleurs du secteur des TIC. La seconde hypothèse indique que toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, la justice procédurale fait augmenter l’engagement affectif des travailleurs du secteur des TIC. La dernière hypothèse énonce que toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, la justice procédurale a un impact plus important sur l’engagement affectif des travailleurs du secteur des TIC que la justice distributive. Les données utilisées proviennent d’une enquête par questionnaires électroniques auprès de l’ensemble des nouveaux employés d’une entreprise d’envergure internationale du secteur des TIC ayant un établissement à Montréal. Les employés ont été sondés à trois reprises. Les résultats indiquent que la justice distributive fait augmenter l’engagement affectif auprès des travailleurs, ce qui appuie la première hypothèse. Ils démontrent également qu’il n’existe aucune relation statistiquement significative entre la justice procédurale et l’engagement affectif. Seule la justice distributive a un effet sur l’engagement affectif du travailleur. Les résultats montrent l’existence de relations significatives et positives entre trois des variables de contrôle et l’engagement affectif. Il s’agit de : 1- travail sous supervision, 2- soutien organisationnel perçu et 3- satisfaction intrinsèque.

Services aux adultes handicapés physiques : enquête auprès des bibliothèques publiques québécoises

Les services aux usagers des bibliothèques représentent un sujet fondamental en bibliothéconomie. Or, les usagers sont un groupe hétérogène à qui l’on doit offrir les mêmes services ou, à tout le moins, la possibilité d’obtenir des services répondant à leurs besoins en matière d’adaptation des lieux et des services. Malheureusement, les bibliothèques publiques ont parfois du mal à rendre un service adapté adéquat et les personnes concernées connaissent souvent mal les services dont elles pourraient bénéficier. Pourtant, les personnes handicapées font partie intégrante des usagers et leur présence augmente, notamment à cause du vieillissement de la population et d’une meilleure capacité d’établir des diagnostics. Notons que ces citoyens revendiquent de plus en plus leur autonomie et le fait de pouvoir profiter des mêmes services que le reste de la population. Ceci est d’autant plus vrai depuis l’apparition d’aides techniques et des outils technologiques tels les ordinateurs, les tablettes, les logiciels, etc. qui leur permettent de vivre leur vie à part entière. Aussi, les bibliothèques et leurs gestionnaires doivent impérativement s’assurer que l’accueil de ces usagers « comme les autres », mais aux besoins particuliers, sera assuré convenablement. Puisqu’il manque d’études concernant les services offerts aux personnes handicapées dans les bibliothèques publiques du Québec, nous avons décidé de procéder à une enquête, par le biais d’un questionnaire électronique administré aux employés de bibliothèques dont les fonctions sont de participer aux services aux usagers. Les réponses obtenues ont permis de dresser un portrait de la situation actuelle en matière de services aux personnes adultes handicapées dans les bibliothèques publiques québécoises et d’avancer certaines recommandations. Les résultats devraient aider les responsables de bibliothèques à déterminer où et comment concentrer leurs efforts pour rendre leurs établissements plus accueillants pour les personnes ayant des incapacités. Plus précisément, les objectifs de la recherche étaient les suivants : 1. Recenser les services offerts par les bibliothèques publiques québécoises aux usagers adultes handicapés. 2. Recenser les éléments d’accessibilité présents dans les infrastructures des bibliothèques publiques québécoises. 3. Évaluer l’impact de certaines caractéristiques des bibliothèques sur l’offre de services aux usagers adultes handicapés et les éléments reliés à l’accessibilité. 4. Comparer les résultats des enquêtes précédentes (Bibliothèque nationale du Canada 1976 ; Bergeron 1987) pour mettre en évidence les recommandations qui ont été appliquées et celles qui ne l’ont pas été.

La opinión de los estudiantes sobre su participación en la universidad

Aunque el tema de la participación en los distintos espacios de la vida comunitaria ha irrumpido con fuerza en los últimos tiempos, el sector universitario apenas ha incorporado el debate de la participación en su funcionamiento universitario. La participación estudiantil ha sido, y sigue siendo en la mayoría de los casos, simbólica. En este contexto, el artículo que presentamos profundiza en el análisis de la participación de los estudiantes en la estructura académica universitaria a partir de un estudio realizado en la Universidad de Girona. Nos centramos en los resultados derivados de la aplicación de un cuestionario electrónico a los estudiantes para conocer sus propias percepciones y puntos de vista en relación con su participación en la universidad. A partir de este análisis planteamos las orientaciones y estrategias que se configuran como elementos y recursos favorecedores de la participación estudiantil, tratando aspectos diversos como la mejora de la información, la necesidad de estrategias para facilitar la adaptación de los estudiantes a la dinámica de los órganos de gobierno o el reconocimiento del carácter formativo de la participación

Ética na pesquisa em turismo: percepções de discentes de programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em turismo UFRN, UCS e UNIVALI

This study analyzed the perception of ethics on the part of students of Post-graduation in Tourism, to develop their academic research. It is characterized as exploratory-descriptive, being considered quantitative with some elements analyzed qualitatively. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire, originated in google docs and sent via e-mail to 54 students in three graduate programs in Tourism: The Tourism Master of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), the Master in Tourism and Hospitality of the University of Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI) and Master of Tourism at the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), resulting in 22 responses. The study presents a profile of the dissertation research of post-graduate students, their perception about research ethics, as well as the difficulties encountered in the research process. Notes that research of dissertation are geared mostly for the historical and cultural aspects of tourism and the choice of topics for the essays came in first place, due to the influence of the guiding lines of research and, secondly, due to social relevance. The methods used in post-graduate research are descriptive, the literature and exploratory. It also notes that most students graduate in tourism (81%) attaches great importance to ethics in carrying out their dissertation research, students claim that ethics brings credibility and seriousness to research. Furthermore, it was realized that they have no knowledge about the practice of misconduct by researchers in the field of Tourism. Demonstrate that the major ethical challenge encountered by students is in relationship with the research subject, what happens during data collection. It also notes that none of the respondents sent any project to be evaluated by an Ethics Committee (CEP), moreover, most do not know the resolution 196/96, which has the main guidelines on research ethics at national level. Concludes that the students post-graduate in tourism have little knowledge about the standards and guidelines on research ethics. They demonstrate ignore the benefits of research ethics in regarding the protection and preservation of the participant, as well as the benefits it generates for society

Condutas para reparação da cavidade anoftálmica no Brasil

Purpose: To determine the most common approach to repair the anophthalmic socket in Brazil, and to compare the data with the trends in other countries.Methods: Exploratory study using electronic questionnaire sent by Internet to ophthalmologists members of the Brazilian Orbit and Oculoplastic Society (SBCPO). The received answers were analyzed by adhesion analysis, using Chi-square test.Results: We received 75 answered questionnaires. Fifty-three per cent of the respondents frequently treat anophthalmic socket and use the 18 mm diameter polymethylmethacrylate sphere in the majority of the surgeries, mainly covered by sclera (92%). Only seven interviewees had used integrated implants with pegging procedure. Eighty-two per cent of the ophthalmologists use the dermolipid graft to reconstruct the anophthalmic socket. They also follow the patients bi annually.Conclusions: The treatment of anophthalmic socket in Brazil generally involve polymethylmethacrylate sphere with 18 mm diameter. Pegging procedure is uncommon between us.

Versão eletrônica de questionário e o controle de erros de resposta

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O comportamento informacional de pós-graduandos da área de Educação

The study of information behavior of graduate students is important because it reveals aspects of the search and information use that will impact the performance of future researchers and other professionals. Earlier studies on the UNESP, campus of Marilia (São Paulo State, Brazil), indicated that the graduate students in the areas of Applied Social Sciences and Humanities little use information sources traditionally used for bibliographic and restricted to the sources indicated by their teachers, contrary to expectations for a student with this level of training. Continuing the theme, we investigate the information behavior of students in postgraduate programs in the field of Education with five and six notes in the latest assessment of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). This research aimed to characterize the information behavior of Brazilian post-graduate in Education; identify factors that may influence the information behavior of the participants; investigate whether there are significant differences in behavior between masters and doctoral students; check the influence of gender in information behavior of post-graduate students. Data collection was performed in two stages: the establishment of a focus group with group of 11 participants for raising subsidies for the next step, which consisted in the application of electronic questionnaire to 16 graduate regular student of programs of excellence in the Brazil. Participated in the survey 493 post-graduates, 54% doctoral students and 46% of masters students and 75% women and 25% of men. The results showed that most subjects did not participate in formal instruction to search in databases. They are open to new ideas and do not restrict your search only to information that confirms their view on the research topic. Respondents are concerned not to overlook details and have the habit of regularly seeking information on their research and were willing to...

Modulação genética e influência de diferentes atividades físicas na dor lombar crônica: estudo de gêmeos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Padrões de busca e uso de artigos científicos: um estudo com pós-graduandos em educação brasileiros

This article presents part of a larger study on the use of reference sources to perform bibliographical search by graduate students in Education. Data relating to the use of the scientific journals by these students are presented and discussed. Sixty Education graduate students, 28 Master degree and 32 Doctoral, answered an electronic questionnaire. The students indicated the types of articles usually read and the importance attributed to each one. For each of treated themes in the electronic questionnaire, data are initially presented and analyzed in the set of the 60 participants of the study and then compared between master and doctoral students. Were used the Chi-squared (?2) test, the Fisher exact test and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Research reports were more frequently pointed out but less valued in comparison to articles referring to critical review and theoretical essay. Methodological articles, appearing in fourth position according to reading frequency and importance attributed, are more valued by doctoral than master students. The students read these articles using different procedures. The possible reasons for the students valorizing the articles of critical review and theoretical essays are discussed. The present study intends to offer a contribution to understand the use of scientific information by students, describing some graduate students’ habits related to information seeking in scientific journals, and reading of the articles published.

Aspectos éticos e legais da competência informacional e a formação do bibliotecário: um estudo com graduandos de biblioteconomia da região sudeste

This study aimed to verify the partial information literacy of librarianship undergraduates with regard to ethical and legal issues related to the use of information and compare with the standards of ACRL (2000). To this end, we applied an electronic questionnaire with 230 students from fifteen schools of Library science in southeastern Brazil. From the results it was realized that the standardization of reference, participants showed a performance below expectations, possibly compromising the recovery of a document by others. In the other questions that addressed issues regarding copyright and intellectual property, the majority of participants have shown that knowledge, behaviors and attitudes appropriate in relation to this aspect.

Comunicação e agronegócios: uma análise da informação digital

This project aims validate that the market for digital information in brazilian agribusiness is promising for the communicators and to ratify the growing demand for reliable, instant and targeted informations to their actual needs. After a review that based the results and of the development of the electronic questionnaire, the intersection of data and information made possible illustrate and confirm the hypotheses

Alimentação hospitalar: proposições para a qualificação do Serviço de Alimentação e Nutrição, avaliadas pela comunidade científica

The scope of this paper is to validate proposals used to qualify hospital food by the Brazilian scientific community. An electronic questionnaire was applied to clinical nutrition professionals registered on the Lattes Platform (Brazilian database of institutions and researchers' curricula in the areas of Science and Technology). The questionnaire incorporated a Likert scale and had spaces for comments. The themes dealt with patient participation, the nutritional and sensory quality of hospital diets, and planning and goals of the Hospital Food and Nutrition Service (HFNS). The questionnaire also asked for the top five priorities for a HFNS. Proposals with total or partial adherence equal to or greater than 70% were considered to be approved. All proposals had total adherence equal to or greater than 70%. The proposal that had minimal adherence (70%) was the one that proposed that nutritional intervention must be arranged by mutual agreement with the patient. The proposal that had maximal adherence (93%) was the one advocating that there must be statistical control on diets prescribed by the HFNS. The most cited priorities referred to infrastructure and training of human resources (40%), the quality of hospital food (27%) and the nutritional status of the patient.

Tuberculosis in HIV programmes in lower-income countries: practices and risk factors

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a common diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). OBJECTIVE: To describe TB-related practices in ART programmes in lower-income countries and identify risk factors for TB in the first year of ART. METHODS: Programme characteristics were assessed using standardised electronic questionnaire. Patient data from 2003 to 2008 were analysed and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) calculated using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Fifteen ART programmes in 12 countries in Africa, South America and Asia were included. Chest X-ray, sputum microscopy and culture were available free of charge in respectively 13 (86.7%), 14 (93.3%) and eight (53.3%) programmes. Eight sites (53.3%) used directly observed treatment and five (33.3%) routinely administered isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT). A total of 19 413 patients aged ≥16 years contributed 13 227 person-years of follow-up; 1081 new TB events were diagnosed. Risk factors included CD4 cell count (>350 cells/μl vs. <25 cells/μl, adjusted IRR 0.46, 95%CI 0.33–0.64, P < 0.0001), sex (women vs. men, adjusted IRR 0.77, 95%CI 0.68–0.88, P = 0.0001) and use of IPT (IRR 0.24, 95%CI 0.19–0.31, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic capacity and practices vary widely across ART programmes. IPT prevented TB, but was used in few programmes. More efforts are needed to reduce the burden of TB in HIV co-infected patients in lower income countries.

Demographic situation in operative medicine in Switzerland - time to react?

Objective: The decreasing proportion of physicians of Swiss origin and the increasing number of part-time jobs in operative medicine might lead to a shortage of physicians in operative disciplines in Switzerland. The objective of the present study was to analyze the current demographic situation in operative medicine in Switzerland. Methods: During the summer of 2011, a 19-item anonymous electronic questionnaire was mailed to all directors of departments in operative medicine in Switzerland. The questionnaire was designed to gather data about the characteristics of the participating departments, the demographics (including the appointment (consultant, attending or resident), the proportion of female and foreign physicians, the latter’s origin, and the number of part-time jobs with a working time between 20 and 90%), and the proportion of vacant posts. Results: Of 775 questionnaires mailed to all directors of departments in operative medicine in Switzerland, 183 (24%) were returned. Overall, 40% were female, and 42% foreign physicians. The proportion of part-time jobs amounted to 17%. Vacant posts were found in 2%. Conclusions: An expansion of study places at the medical universities and of the incentives for the incumbents in operative medicine is necessary to avert a shortage of physicians in Switzerland.

TIC em hospitais privados: estudo do uso, do custo e da integração

A tese estuda e analisa as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) disponíveis em hospitais no Brasil, associados à ANAHP – Associação Nacional de Hospitais Privados que patrocinou a coleta de dados e apoiou a pesquisa com dois temas centrais: uso e custo; integração e interoperabilidade das TIC. A Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OECD), em estudo sobre TIC em saúde, afirmou que, se implantadas de maneira eficiente, as TIC podem resultar em melhoria da qualidade na prestação de serviços de saúde, aumento da segurança no atendimento ao paciente e custos menores. Para permitir a comparação de resultados e o uso de modelos de pesquisa confiáveis, este estudo adaptou o Modelo de Pesquisa de Uso de TI utilizado pelo GVcia - Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Aplicada da FGV – EAESP e realizou uma complementação dos instrumentos de pesquisa para levantar dados específicos da integração das TIC em hospitais utilizando com referência uma pesquisa aplicada a hospitais norte-americanos. A coleta de dados foi realizada para o período 2009 a 2015 em duas etapas. Na primeira, foi enviado o questionário eletrônico, validado por executivos de hospitais e apresentado no apêndice A. Na segunda etapa, os dados enviados foram validados e aspectos da integração foram esclarecidos por meio de entrevistas. O estudo de custo e uso das TIC resultou no cálculo de diversos indicadores. Gastos e investimentos com TIC em hospitais privados atingiu a 3,5% do faturamento anual dos hospitais da amostra enquanto que o setor da saúde, por sua vez, gastou e investiu 6,4% do faturamento anual com as TIC que implementou. Outro indicador inédito e importante para futuros estudos no setor é o custo anual das TIC por leito hospitalar que permaneceu estável em torno de US$ 39.000 entre 2010 e 2014 e caiu para US$ 36.000 em 2015, valor equivalente a R$ 120.000 de dezembro de 2015. Outras estatísticas e indicadores apresentados no estudo ajudam a entender a evolução e o desempenho das TIC na prestação de serviços de saúde e poderão ser úteis para decidir se as TIC ajudarão a melhorar a segurança e atenção ao paciente, aos profissionais de saúde no acesso a dados do paciente, e a necessária sintonia com o Modelo da Saúde Digital (e-Saúde), a custos adequados. Os resultados do presente estudo são comparáveis aos americanos semelhantes e permitem inferir que o parque tecnológico em uso nos hospitais privados brasileiros poderá alavancar a integração de sistemas existentes, permitindo a sintonia com Modelos de Saúde Digital, com a melhoria de desempenho da cadeia estendida da saúde na atenção ao cidadão que poderá ser assistido onde estiver, a qualquer momento, com segurança. Ação gerencial e investimentos são os tópicos centrais que envolvem a integração.