Grade nine teachers' perception of how teachers, parents, peers, administrators, and community members affect the development of the grade nine student /

The purpose of this study was to examine grade nine teachers' perception of how teachers, parents, peers, administrators, and community members influence the overall development of grade nine students. Ten grade nine teachers (four male and six female) participated in the study which consisted of the completion of a one hour, tape-recorded interview. The central findings were as follows: 1) the grade nine student has evolved; 2) peers have an important impact on the four developmental areas (physical, emotional, social, and academic) of the grade nine student; and 3) the role of the grade nine teacher appears to have dramatically changed over the last seventeen years. Suggestions and recommendations for future research in this field are based on findings related to the enhancement of the secondary school experience for the grade nine adolescent.

Moral identity, youth engagement, and discussions with parents and peers /

The strength of adolescents' moral identity was examined in relation to their sense of social responsibility, frequency of community engagement, and interactions with parents and friends. Participants were 191 applicants to national youth conferences, ranging in age from 14-19, who completed a 40-minute survey. 76% of the participants were female. Social responsibility, community engagement, and discussion with parents and friends were measured using self-report questionnaires. Participants also reported on the importance of various values to themselves, their parents, and their friends, which were used to create an index of the degree of disagreement between the youth and their parents and friends. In addition, participants provided self-descriptions, which were used to measure moral identity with both a coding scheme and a ratings measure. Moral identity as measured by coding was not related to social responsibility, community engagement, or any other study variables, and thus did not appear to be a valid measure of moral identity. However, moral identity as measured by ratings was related to both social responsibility and community engagement, and thus appeared to be a valid measure. Neither disagreement nor discussion with friends was related to moral identity. However, disagreement with parents was positively related to moral identity ratings, and for girls only was negatively related to social responsibility. Furthermore, discussion with parents was positively related to moral identity for boys only. The hypothesis predicting a mediational model was not supported. Results were discussed in terms of theoretical positions on the role of parents and friends in children's moral development and suggestions for ftiture research were made.

The Impact of Labeling in Childhood on the Sense of Self of Young Adults

Research studies on labeling of children have either focused on the effects of formal labels on the lives of children with exceptionalities and mental health issues, or the effect of informal labeling by parents, peers and teachers on teenagers. The effects of informal labeling in childhood and its implications in later life or for one’s career choice have not yet been examined. This study adds to the growing research on informal labeling. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine what negative effects informal labeling of children as deviant had on their lives. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with seventeen young adults, between the ages of sixteen and thirty years, from a post-secondary institution and an organization for homeless youth. The results showed an initial negative impact on the lives of the young adults during their childhood and early teenage years but as they progressed into their late teens and early adulthood, most were able to overcome their negative labels suggesting resilience. There were no significant gender differences in the impact of the labels. The implications of the study for policy makers and parents are discussed as well as some recommendations for parents and practitioners are offered.

Les caractéristiques de la déviance des adolescentes judiciarisées à Dakar (Sénégal) en comparaison aux adolescentes judiciarisées de Montréal (Canada)

Malgré les problèmes que pose la délinquance juvénile au Sénégal, les réponses des décideurs semblent inefficaces, surtout pour les filles déviantes. Ainsi, l’objectif de notre étude est de déterminer les caractéristiques familiales, scolaires et des amis des adolescentes judiciarisées à Dakar en les comparant à celles de Montréal. Les enquêtes se sont déroulées à Dakar sur trente adolescentes interrogées avec un instrument adapté du MASPAQ. Les similitudes entre les échantillons concernent l’âge moyen et le statut judiciaire quasi-identiques, le milieu socio-économique défavorisé et la structure familiale en majorité monoparentale matricentrique. Les autres résultats concernent surtout les liens sociaux plus forts chez les dakaroises alors que l’activité marginale est plus importante chez les montréalaises. Les liens sociaux des dakaroises constitueraient une protection contre la déviance. Le contexte culturel également, en favorisant un contrôle social, pousserait à développer plus de contraintes internes, autre protection contre la déviance. Des perspectives sont envisagées notamment utiliser l’instrument avec des garçons.

Association entre consommation de drogues illicites et symptomatologie dépressive à l’adolescence : une étude longitudinale auprès de jeunes Québécois fréquentant l’école secondaire en milieu défavorisé

L’usage de drogues illicites et la symptomatologie dépressive sont associés, mais la nature de cette association demeure mal comprise. Une clarification des mécanismes en jeu est nécessaire afin de pouvoir intervenir sur la cooccurrence des deux phénomènes, dont les conséquences individuelles et sociales sont lourdes. Ces efforts de clarification débutent à l’adolescence, moment où sont typiquement initiés la consommation de substances et les problèmes affectifs. L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à clarifier la nature des associations entre l’usage de certaines des drogues illicites les plus fréquemment consommées et les symptômes dépressifs chez les adolescents. Les données utilisées proviennent d’une cohorte de l’échantillon longitudinal de la Stratégie d’Intervention Agir Autrement (SIAA) comprenant plus de 3000 jeunes fréquentant des écoles en milieu défavorisé du Québec, qui ont été suivis pendant leur secondaire (2003-2007). Le premier article empirique de la thèse porte sur la relation entre l’usage de cannabis et la symptomatologie dépressive. Cette étude a examiné l’existence d’associations prospectives bidirectionnelles entre les deux phénomènes du début (13-14 ans) à la fin du secondaire (16-17 ans). Les analyses ont considéré des liens directs, mais également des liens indirects via deux facteurs reflétant des appartenances sociales normatives et non normatives : l’attachement à l’école et l’affiliation à des pairs déviants et consommateurs de drogues. Les résultats indiquent que les symptômes dépressifs et l’usage de cannabis peuvent représenter des facteurs de risque mutuels et suggèrent qu’un mécanisme indirect impliquant une érosion des attaches normatives pourrait jouer un rôle dans des cascades développementales reliant les deux manifestations. Le deuxième article empirique visait à déterminer si l’usage de deux drogues de synthèse, le MDMA (ecstasy) et les méth/amphétamines (speed), à 15-16 ans était associé au développement de symptômes dépressifs élevés un an plus tard, en prenant en considération des facteurs confondants potentiels. Tel qu’attendu, les résultats montrent une prédiction de la symptomatologie dépressive par l’usage de MDMA et de méth/amphetamines, particulièrement lorsque cet usage est concomitant. Ces résultats représentent une des premières évidences d’un risque posé par l’usage de drogues de synthèse par rapport au développement de symptômes affectifs chez les jeunes.

Assessment of the effects of a cooperative play programme for children aged 10-11 years on social adaptation and on the perception that parents, teachers and peers have of children's prosocial behaviours. 'Evaluación de los efectos de un programa de juego cooperativo para los niños de 10-11 años en la adapatación social y en la percepción que padres, profesores y compañeros tienen de las conductas prosociales de los niños'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Sexual presence and intentional dynamics: deviant and non-deviant sexual self-regulation from the first person stance

Child molesters (n=13) and sexually non-deviant subjects (n=29) were immersed with virtual characters depicting relevant sexual features while their sexual arousal and gaze behaviour were assessed to characterize their sexual preferences and intentional dynamics. Sexual arousal was measured using circumferential penile plethysmography (PPG). Gaze behaviour dynamics was derived from average gaze radial angular deviation (GRAD) and GRAD coefficient of variation (GRADCV). Results show distinct sexual arousal profiles according to sexual preferences and point towards the existence of specific gaze behaviour dynamics guided by sexual intentions. Theoretical interpretations are based on the ecological psychology of J.J. Gibson and the integrated theory of sexual offending (Ward, 2009; Ward & Beech, 2006). Theoretical underpinnings coming from these approaches are advocated as being especially well suited to explain how virtual reality can help probing into child molesters’ phenomenology as lived from the first-person stance.

The status of nine former C.I.D. students who are attending public high schools with hearing peers

This paper documents nine former CID students to evaluate the effectiveness of CID's program of preparation for mainstreaming. NOTE: Access to thesis is restricted. Contact Archives and Rare Books.

Production of tense marking in successive bilingual children: when do they converge with their monolingual peers?

Children with English as a second language (L2) with exposure of 18 months or less exhibit similar difficulties to children with Specific Language Impairment in tense marking, a marker of language impairment for English. This paper examines whether L2 children with longer exposure converge with their monolingual peers in the production of tense marking. 38 Turkish-English L2 children with a mean age of 7;8 and 33 monolingual age-matched controls completed the screening test of the Test of Early Grammatical Impairment (TEGI). The L2 children as a group were as accurate as the controls in the production of -ed, but performed significantly lower than the controls in the production of third person –s. Age and YoE affected the children’s performance. The highest age-expected performance on the TEGI was attested in eight and nine year-old children who had 4-6 YoE. L1 and L2 children performed better in regular compared to irregular verbs, but L2 children overregularized more than L1 children and were less sensitive to the phonological properties of verbs. The results show that tense marking and the screening test of the TEGI may be promising for differential diagnosis in eight and nine year-old L2 children with at least four YoE.

Perceptual grouping ability in Williams syndrome: evidence for deviant patterns of performance

Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder. At a cognitive level, this population display poor visuo-spatial cognition when compared to verbal ability. Within the visuo-spatial domain, it is now accepted that individuals with WS are able to perceive both local and global aspects of an image, albeit at a low level. The present study examines the manner in which local elements are grouped into a global whole in WS. Fifteen individuals with WS and 15 typically developing controls, matched for non-verbal ability, were presented with a matrix of local elements and asked whether these elements were perceptually grouped horizontally or vertically. The WS group was at the same level as the control group when grouping by luminance, closure, and alignment. However, their ability to group by shape, orientation and proximity was significantly poorer than controls. This unusual profile of grouping abilities in WS suggests that these individuals do not form a global percept in a typical manner. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Do responsible real estate companies outperform their peers?

This paper investigates the relationship between corporate social and environmental performance and financial performance for a sample of publicly traded US real estate companies. Using the MSCI ESG (formerly KLD) database on seven Environmental, Social & Governance dimensions in the 2003-2010 period, and weighting the dimensions according to prominence in the real estate sector, we model Tobin's Q and annual total return in a panel data framework. The results indicate a positive relationship between ESG rating and Tobin's Q but this effect is driven by ESG concerns rather than strengths. Consistently across all model specifications, overall ESG ratings are associated with lower returns. Negative scores appear to result in higher returns in the short run but positive scores have no significant impact on returns.