Life history of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in Scottish (UK) waters

Peer reviewed

Using passive acoustics and shore based surveys to investigate the use of Lundy Island’s near shore water by small odontocetes

The use of waters around Lundy by dolphins and porpoises was measured using summer shore-based watches and passive acoustic surveillance between July 2011 and July 2012. Common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) were the only cetacean species observed during shore-based surveys. C-PODs moored on the Ethel and MV Robert wrecks close to the Lundy coast showed a peak in delphinid vocal activity during August 2011. Passive acoustic detections of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) were highest during ebb tidal phases and most often associated with the tidal rip at the south of the island. These findings show tidal and monthly influences on odontocete behaviour and highlight the value of continuous, passive acoustic monitoring for these highly mobile marine predators around Lundy.

Taxonomy of the Common Dolphins of the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Delphinus bairdii Dall is a species of dolphin distinct from D. delphis Linnaeus, with which it has usually been synonymized. D. bairdii has a longer rostrum relative to the zygomatic width of the skull; the ratio of these measurements falls at 1.55 or above for bairdii and 1.53 and below for delphis. In the eastern Pacific Ocean, D. bairdii is found in the Gulf of California and along the west coast of Baja California, Mexico; D. delphis is presently found in the waters off California. Until approximately the beginning of the present century, bairdii occurred farther north in the eastern Pacific Ocean, at least to the Monterey Bay area of California. Restriction of bairdii to more southerly waters, probably as an indirect result of a change in water temperature, may have permitted delphis to move into inshore Californian waters. The Pacific population of D. delphis has a somewhat shorter rostrum than the Atlantic population, and is perhaps subspecifically different. A thorough analysis of the entire genus Delphinus is needed before the relationship of all the populations can be understood and names properly applied.

Revisão e análise cladística de Serdia Stål (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatomini)

Treze espécies são hoje incluídas no gênero: S. apicicornis, Stål, 1860; S. beckerae Thomas & Rolston, 1985; S. calligera Stål, 1860; S. concolor Ruckes, 1958; S. costalis Ruckes, 1958; S. delphis Thomas & Rolston, 1985; S. inspersipes Stål, 1860; S. lobata Thomas & Rolston, 1985; S. rotundicornis Becker, 1967 e S. ruckesi Thomas & Rolston, 1985. Cinco novas espécies são descritas: S. indistincta sp. nov (Irai, Rio Grande do Sul), S. bicolor sp. nov (Ponta Grossa, Paraná), S. maculata sp. nov (Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro), S. máxima sp. nov (Imbituba, Santa Catarina) e S. robusta sp. nov (Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro) do Brasil. A análise cladística foi realizada usando 40 caracteres e 21 táxons. O gênero Tibilis Stål, 1860; Neotibilis Grazia & Barcellos, 1994 e Similliserdia Fortes & Grazia, 1998 foram usados como grupo-externo. A monofilia de Serdia foi sustentada por 3 sinapomorfias: ápice do escutelo com margens enegrecidas, machos com a parede da taça genital espessada com processos em aba, fêmeas com o espessamento da íntima vaginal situado na metade posterior das gonapófises 9 e projetando-se ventralmente. O subgênero Brasiliicola Kirkaldy, 1909 é considerado sinônimo junior de Serdia. São fornecidas ilustrações, mapas de distribuição geográfica e chave para as espécies.

Avistamientos de cetaceos en el mar peruano y su relación con los principales recursos pelágicos crucero BIC Humboldt 9803-05 de Tumbes a Tacna

Se efectuaron 214 avistamientos de cetáceos en 2019 mn observadas durante el Crucero de Evaluación Hidroacústica de Recursos Pelágicos BIC Humboldt 9803-05 de Tumbes a Tacna, desde el 20 de marzo al 07 de mayo de 1998. Se identificó un total de 10 especies entre odontocetos y misticetos: el bufeo Tursiops truncatus (24,3% del total de avistamientos), el delfín común Delphinus delhis (24,3%), el delfín oscuro Lagenorhyncgus obscurus (13,5%), una especie de delfín tropical Stenella sp. (0,5%), la ballena piloto Globicephala sp. (0,5%), el zifio de Cuvier Ziphius cavirostris (0,5%), el cachalote Physeter macrocephalus (2,3%), la ballena jorobada Megaptera novaeangliae (2,3%), la ballena azul Balaenoptera musculus (2,3%) y la ballena de aleta Balaenoptera physalus (0,9%). Los balaenoptéridos constituyeron el 18,46% de los avistamientos y el 3,5% del total de individuos avistados (256 individuos) presentando una distribución más densa en la zona sur. Del total de pequeños cetáceos avistados el 47,4% fueron identificados como delfines comunes, el 31,12% fueron bufeos y el 7,3% fueron delfines oscuros. Concentraciones importantes de cetáceos menores se presentaron frente a Salaverry, entre Huacho y Callao, al sur de Pisco y San Juan y entre Mollendo e Ilo.

Distribución y abundancia relativa de cetáceos en el mar peruana durante el crucero de evaluación del stock de Merluza, BIC Humboldt 9705-06

Durante el Crucero de Evaluación del Stock de Merluza BIC Humboldt 9705-06 realizado entre el 15 de mayo y el 8 de junio de 1997, se obtuvo un total de 54 avistamientos de cetáceos entre odontocetos (delfines) y misticetos (ballenas) en un recorrido de 842,6 mn. El área abarcada por este estudio se situó entre las latitudes 3°39 'S y 12°03 'S, correspondientes a los puertos costeros de Puerto Pizarro y Callao. Se identificaron tres especies de delfines: el bufeo Tursiops truncatus, el delfín común Delphinus sp. y el delfín común de hocico largo Delphinus capensis; siendo el bufeo la especie que presentó una mayor frecuencia de observación. Entre los balaenoptéridos se identificó a Balaenoptera sp. El rango de temperaturas superficiales del mar para el total de avistamientos estuvo comprendido entre 20,1 °C y 25,9 °C y se registraron a profundidades que variaron entre los 60 y 1550 m. Se concluye que las condiciones térmicas anormales causadas por el fenómeno El Niño han producido una ligera variación en la distribución de algunas especies de cetáceos menores en zonas abarcadas en el presente crucero. Para el caso de las grandes ballenas los avistamientos concuerdan con la ruta migratoria de la estación.

Stable isotopes unveil habitat partitioning among the marine mammals off NW Africa and reveal unique trophic niches for two globally threatened species.

Stable isotope abundances of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in the bone of 13 species of marine mammals from the northwest coast of Africa were investigated to assess their positions in the local trophic web and their preferred habitats. Also, samples of primary producers and potential prey species from the study area were collected to characterise the local isotopic landscape. This characterisation indicated that δ13C values increased from offshore to nearshore and that δ15N was a good proxy for trophic level. Therefore, the most coastal species were Monachus monachus and Sousa teuszii, whereas the most pelagic were Physeter macrocephalus and Balaenoptera acutorostrata. δ15N values indicated that marine mammals located at the lowest trophic level were B. acutorostrata, Stenella coeruleoalba and Delphinus sp., and those occupying the highest trophic level were M. monachus and P. macrocephalus. The trophic level of Orcinus orca was similar to that of M. monachus, suggesting that O. orca preys on fish. Conservation of coastal and threatened species (M. monachus and S. teuszii) off NW Africa should be a priority because these species, as the main apex predators, cannot be replaced by other marine mammals.

A comparison of three canopy interception models for a leafless mixed deciduous forest stand in the eastern United States

Canopy interception of incident precipitation is a critical component of the forest water balance during each of the four seasons. Models have been developed to predict precipitation interception from standard meteorological variables because of acknowledged difficulty in extrapolating direct measurements of interception loss from forest to forest. No known study has compared and validated canopy interception models for a leafless deciduous forest stand in the eastern United States. Interception measurements from an experimental plot in a leafless deciduous forest in northeastern Maryland (39°42'N, 75°5'W) for 11 rainstorms in winter and early spring 2004/05 were compared to predictions from three models. The Mulder model maintains a moist canopy between storms. The Gash model requires few input variables and is formulated for a sparse canopy. The WiMo model optimizes the canopy storage capacity for the maximum wind speed during each storm. All models showed marked underestimates and overestimates for individual storms when the measured ratio of interception to gross precipitation was far more or less, respectively, than the specified fraction of canopy cover. The models predicted the percentage of total gross precipitation (PG) intercepted to within the probable standard error (8.1%) of the measured value: the Mulder model overestimated the measured value by 0.1% of PG; the WiMo model underestimated by 0.6% of PG; and the Gash model underestimated by 1.1% of PG. The WiMo model’s advantage over the Gash model indicates that the canopy storage capacity increases logarithmically with the maximum wind speed. This study has demonstrated that dormant-season precipitation interception in a leafless deciduous forest may be satisfactorily predicted by existing canopy interception models.

Cetacean records along São Paulo state coast, Southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Collection complète des œuvres /

Livr. [44] without t.p. and preliminary commentaries.

Sebastiani Serlii Bononiensis De architectvra libri qvinqve ... : necnon extraordinarius quinquaginta portarum libellus in operis calce adiunctus hic demum conspicitur /

Errata, p. [449].

Trium scriptorum illustrium De tribus Judaeorum sectis syntagma : in quo Nicolai Serarii, Johannis Drusii, Josephi Scaligeri, opuscula quae eò pertinent, cum aliis, junctim exhibentur, Jacobus Triglandius J.F.J.N. Diatriben de secta Karaeorum adjecit, Duobus Tomis distinctum.

NUC pre-1956,