961 resultados para default risk


Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

[ES] La entrada en vigor del proyecto de Solvencia II transformará por completo el sistema de determinación de las necesidades de capital del sector asegurador europeo. Recientemente se ha presentado el último estudio de impacto cuantitativo (QIS5), donde se establece la forma de cálculo del modelo estándar para la determinación de los requerimientos de capital. Este trabajo trata de analizar la adecuación de la calibración del riesgo de crédito de la contraparte mediante los modelos que se proponen en los últimos informes de impacto cuantitativo (cuarto y quinto). Para ello comparamos las necesidades de capital que se obtienen por ambas alternativas, frente a las que resultarían de aplicar un modelo de simulación basado en el enfoque estructural. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el uso de probabilidades basadas en la metodología de Merton frente a aquellas basadas en ratings, dan lugar a requerimientos de capital sustancialmente mayores. Además, el modelo propuesto en QIS4 basado en la distribución de Vasicek no es adecuado cuando el número de contrapartes es reducido, situación habitual en el sector asegurador europeo. Por otra parte, la nueva propuesta (QIS5 o modelo de Ter Berg) es más versátil y adecuada que su antecesora pero requiere analizar con más detenimiento las hipótesis de calibración para de este modo aproximar mejor las estimaciones al riesgo realmente asumido.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This article examines the impact of pension deficits on default risk as measured by the premia on corporate credit default swaps (CDS). We find highly significant evidence that unfunded pension liabilities raise one- and five-year CDS premia. However, this relation is not homogeneous across countries, with the U.S. CDS market leading its European counterparts in the pricing of defined-benefit pension risk.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Sempre foi do interesse das instituições financeiras de crédito determinar o risco de incumprimento associado a uma empresa por forma a avaliar o seu perfil. No entanto, esta informação é útil a todos os stakeholders de uma empresa, já que também estes comprometem uma parte de si ao interagirem com esta. O aumento do número de insolvências nos últimos anos tem reafirmado a necessidade de ampliar e aprofundar a pesquisa sobre o stress financeiro. A identificação dos fatores que influenciam a determinação do preço dos ativos sempre foi do interesse de todos os stakeholders, por forma a antecipar a variação dos retornos e agir em sua conformidade. Nesta dissertação será estudada a influência do risco de incumprimento sobre os retornos de capital, usando como indicador do risco de incumprimento a probabilidade de incumprimento obtida segundo o modelo de opções de Merton (1974). Efetuou-se esta análise durante o período de Fevereiro de 2002 a Dezembro de 2011, utilizando dados de empresas Portuguesas, Espanholas e Gregas. Os resultados evidenciam uma relação negativa do risco de incumprimento com os retornos de capital, que é devida a um efeito momentum e à volatilidade. A par disso, também se demonstra que o tamanho e o book-to-market não são representativos do risco de incumprimento na amostra aqui utilizada, ao contrário do que Fama & French (1992; 1996) afirmavam.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study investigates the impact of liquidity crises on the relationship between stock (value and size) premiums and default risk in the US market. It first examines whether financial distress can explain value and size premiums, and then, subsequently, aims to determine whether liquidity crises increase the risk of value and size premium investment strategies. The study employs a time-varying approach and a sample of US stock returns for the period between January 1982 and March 2011, a period which includes the current liquidity crisis, so as to examine the relationship between default risk, liquidity crises and value and size premiums. The findings indicate that the default premium has explanatory power for value and size and premiums, which affect firms with different characteristics. We also find that liquidity crises may actually increase the risks related to size and value premium strategies.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Auditoria, sob a orientação de Mestre Adalmiro Álvaro Malheiro de Castro Andrade Pereira

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper studies the effects of monetary policy on mutual fund risk taking using a sample of Portuguese fixed-income mutual funds in the 2000-2012 period. Firstly I estimate time-varying measures of risk exposure (betas) for the individual funds, for the benchmark portfolio, as well as for a representative equally-weighted portfolio, through 24-month rolling regressions of a two-factor model with two systematic risk factors: interest rate risk (TERM) and default risk (DEF). Next, in the second phase, using the estimated betas, I try to understand what portion of the risk exposure is in excess of the benchmark (active risk) and how it relates to monetary policy proxies (one-month rate, Taylor residual, real rate and first principal component of a cross-section of government yields and rates). Using this methodology, I provide empirical evidence that Portuguese fixed-income mutual funds respond to accommodative monetary policy by significantly increasing exposure, in excess of their benchmarks, to default risk rate and slightly to interest risk rate as well. I also find that the increase in funds’ risk exposure to gain a boost in return (search-for-yield) is more pronounced following the 2007-2009 global financial crisis, indicating that the current historic low interest rates may incentivize excessive risk taking. My results suggest that monetary policy affects the risk appetite of non-bank financial intermediaries.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This thesis provides a complete analysis of the Standard Capital Requirements given by Solvency II for a real insurance portfolio. We analyze the investment portfolio of BPI Vida e Pensões, an insurance company affiliated with a Portuguese bank BPI, both at security, sub-portfolio and asset class levels. By using the Standard Formula from EIOPA, Total SCR amounts to 239M€. This value is mostly explained by Market and Default Risk whereas the former is driven by Spread and Concentration Risks. Following the methodology of Leblanc (2011), we examine the Marginal Contribution of an asset to the SCR which allows for the evaluation of the risks of each security given its characteristics and interactions in the portfolio. The top contributors to the SCR are Corporate Bonds and Term Deposits. By exploring further the composition of the portfolio, our results show that slight changes in allocation of Term and Cash Deposits have severe impacts on the total Concentration and Default Risks, respectively. Also, diversification effects are very relevant by representing savings of 122M€. Finally, Solvency II represents an opportunity for the portfolio optimization. By constructing efficient frontiers, we find that as the target expected return increases, a shift from Term Deposits/ Commercial Papers to Eurozone/Peripheral and finally Equities occurs.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The purpose of this work is to develop a practicable approach for Telecom firms to manage the credit risk exposition to their commercial agents’ network. Particularly it will try to approach the problem of credit concession to clients’ from a corporation perspective and explore the particular scenario of agents that are part of the commercial chain of the corporation and therefore are not end-users. The agents’ network that served as a model for the presented study is composed by companies that, at the same time, are both clients and suppliers of the Telecommunication Company. In that sense the credit exposition analysis must took into consideration all financial fluxes, both inbound and outbound. The current strain on the Financial Sector in Portugal, and other peripheral European economies, combined with the high leverage situation of most companies, generates an environment prone to credit default risk. Due to these circumstances managing credit risk exposure is becoming increasingly a critical function for every company Financial Department. The approach designed in the current study combined two traditional risk monitoring tools: credit risk scoring and credit limitation policies. The objective was to design a new credit monitoring framework that is more flexible, uses both external and internal relationship history to assess risk and takes into consideration commercial objectives inside the agents’ network. Although not explored at length, the blueprint of a Credit Governance model was created for implementing the new credit monitoring framework inside the telecom firm. The Telecom Company that served as a model for the present work decided to implement the new Credit Monitoring framework after this was presented to its Executive Commission.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este trabajo hace una estimación explicita de los factores en los cuales está compuesto el margen corporativo, entendido este como la diferencia entre la tasa spot de deuda pública y la tasa spot de deuda corporativa con calificación AAA y AA. La metodología implementada, es la propuesta por Elton et al (2001), y de esta manera se establece el margen corporativo como la suma de tres factores: factor por riesgo de emisor, factor por costos de emisión y factor por riesgo sistémico. La muestra analizada contiene los datos diarios de negociación observados en el Mercado Electrónico Colombiano (MEC) desde enero de 2005 hasta noviembre de 2009, las probabilidades de incumplimiento son estimadas a partir de las matrices de transición calculadas por las dos principales calificadoras de valores del mercado colombiano.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

La crisis que se desató en el mercado hipotecario en Estados Unidos en 2008 y que logró propagarse a lo largo de todo sistema financiero, dejó en evidencia el nivel de interconexión que actualmente existe entre las entidades del sector y sus relaciones con el sector productivo, dejando en evidencia la necesidad de identificar y caracterizar el riesgo sistémico inherente al sistema, para que de esta forma las entidades reguladoras busquen una estabilidad tanto individual, como del sistema en general. El presente documento muestra, a través de un modelo que combina el poder informativo de las redes y su adecuación a un modelo espacial auto regresivo (tipo panel), la importancia de incorporar al enfoque micro-prudencial (propuesto en Basilea II), una variable que capture el efecto de estar conectado con otras entidades, realizando así un análisis macro-prudencial (propuesto en Basilea III).

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Las estrategias de inversión pairs trading se basan en desviaciones del precio entre pares de acciones correlacionadas y han sido ampliamente implementadas por fondos de inversión tomando posiciones largas y cortas en las acciones seleccionadas cuando surgen divergencias y obteniendo utilidad cerrando la posición al converger. Se describe un modelo de reversión a la media para analizar la dinámica que sigue el diferencial del precio entre acciones ordinarias y preferenciales de una misma empresa en el mismo mercado. La media de convergencia en el largo plazo es obtenida con un filtro de media móvil, posteriormente, los parámetros del modelo de reversión a la media se estiman mediante un filtro de Kalman bajo una formulación de estado espacio sobre las series históricas. Se realiza un backtesting a la estrategia de pairs trading algorítmico sobre el modelo propuesto indicando potenciales utilidades en mercados financieros que se observan por fuera del equilibrio. Aplicaciones de los resultados podrían mostrar oportunidades para mejorar el rendimiento de portafolios, corregir errores de valoración y sobrellevar mejor periodos de bajos retornos.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este documento propone un modelo para la estructura a plazos del riesgo interbancario a partir del spread entre los Interest Rate Swap (IRS) y los Overnight Indexed Swaps (OIS) en dólares durante la crisis financiera 2007-08 y la crisis del euro en 2010. Adicionalmente hace la descomposición del riesgo interbancario entre riesgo de default y no-default (liquidez). Los resultados sugieren que la crisis financiera tuvo importantes repercusiones en la estructura a plazos del riesgo interbancario y sus componentes: en los años previos a la crisis, el riesgo de no-default explicaba la mayor parte del riesgo interbancario; durante la crisis y posterior a ella, el riesgo de default conducía el comportamiento del riesgo interbancario. Adicionalmente, se encuentra que, a partir de la estructura a plazos de cada componente del riesgo interbancario, la crisis financiera se caracterizó por ser un problema más de corto que de largo plazo, en contraste con la crisis del euro de 2010. Estos resultados siguen lo propuesto por Filipovic & Trolle (2012) y dejan importantes implicaciones sobre el riesgo interbancario durante los periodos de stress financiero.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The paper makes an assessment of the factors behind corporatemargin. Corporate margin is defined as the difference between the public debt spot rate and the corporative debt spot rate graded AAA and AA. Following Elton et al (2001), in corporate margin is defined as the sum of three factors:issuer default risk, issuance costs and systemic risk. The data used contains daily trading data from the Colombian Electronic Market (MEC) since January 2005 to November 2009. The default probabilities are estimated from atransition matrix calculated by the two main risk rating agencies within the Colombian market.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este documento propone un modelo para la estructura a plazos del riesgo interbancario a partir del spread entre los Interest Rate Swap (IRS) y los Overnight Indexed Swaps (OIS) en dólares durante la crisis financiera 2007-08 y la crisis del euro en 2010. Adicionalmente hace la descomposición del riesgo interbancario entre riesgo de default y no-default (liquidez). Los resultados sugieren que la crisis financiera tuvo importantes repercusiones en la estructura a plazos del riesgo interbancario y sus componentes: en los años previos a la crisis, el riesgo de no-default explicaba la mayor parte del riesgo interbancario; durante la crisis y posterior a ella, el riesgo de default conducía el comportamiento del riesgo interbancario. Adicionalmente, se encuentra que, a partir de la estructura a plazos de cada componente del riesgo interbancario, la crisis financiera se caracterizó por ser un problema más de corto que de largo plazo, en contraste con la crisis del euro de 2010. Estos resultados siguen lo propuesto por Filipovic & Trolle (2012) y dejan importantes implicaciones sobre el riesgo interbancario durante los periodos de stress financiero.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

We propose and estimate a financial distress model that explicitly accounts for the interactions or spill-over effects between financial institutions, through the use of a spatial continuity matrix that is build from financial network data of inter bank transactions. Such setup of the financial distress model allows for the empirical validation of the importance of network externalities in determining financial distress, in addition to institution specific and macroeconomic covariates. The relevance of such specification is that it incorporates simultaneously micro-prudential factors (Basel 2) as well as macro-prudential and systemic factors (Basel 3) as determinants of financial distress. Results indicate network externalities are an important determinant of financial health of a financial institutions. The parameter that measures the effect of network externalities is both economically and statistical significant and its inclusion as a risk factor reduces the importance of the firm specific variables such as the size or degree of leverage of the financial institution. In addition we analyze the policy implications of the network factor model for capital requirements and deposit insurance pricing.