Effects of 830 and 670 nm Laser on Viability of Random Skin Flap in Rats

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 830 and 670 nm diode laser on the viability of random skin flaps in rats. Background data: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to be successful in stimulating the formation of new blood vessels and reducing the inflammatory process after injury. However, the efficiency of such treatment remains uncertain, and there is also some controversy regarding the efficacy of different wavelengths currently on the market. Materials and methods: Thirty Wistar rats were used and divided into three groups, with 10 rats in each. A random skin flap was raised on the dorsum of each animal. Group 1 was the control group, group 2 received 830 nm laser radiations, and group 3 was submitted to 670 nm laser radiation (power density = 0.5 mW/cm(2)). The animals underwent laser therapy with 36 J/cm(2) energy density (total energy = 2.52 J and 72 sec per session) immediately after surgery and on the 4 subsequent days. The application site of laser radiation was one point at 2.5 cm from the flap's cranial base. The percentage of skin flap necrosis area was calculated on the 7th postoperative day using the paper template method. A skin sample was collected immediately after to determine the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the epidermal cell proliferation index (KiD67). Results: Statistically significant differences were found among the percentages of necrosis, with higher values observed in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3. No statistically significant differences were found among these groups using the paper template method. Group 3 presented the highest mean number of blood vessels expressing VEGF and of cells in the proliferative phase when compared with groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: LLLT was effective in increasing random skin flap viability in rats. The 670 nm laser presented more satisfactory results than the 830 nm laser.

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 670 - Benachrichtigung über eine schwere Krankheit

u.a.: Verstopfung; Wassersucht; Kur in Karlsbad; Krankheit von Adele Schopenhauer; Erbschaftsangelegenheiten; Bankhaus Muhl;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 670 - "Treatise on Antisemitism" und zugehörige Dokumente (p. IX 124-IX 134)

"Treatise on Antisemitism", Unterlagen zur Buchveröffentlichung, 1945-1946; "Tentative Outline of Contens", a) Typoskript, 6 Blatt; b) Typoskript, 2 Blatt; c) Typoskript, 2 Blatt; "Section 2: Modern European Antisemitism". Typoskript, 5 Blatt; "Section 4: Political Antisemitism in America". Typoskript, 5 Blatt; "Section 5: Religious and Social Ideologies". Typoskript, 7 Blatt; "The Nature of Anti-Semitism. Psychologocal Topics to be Surveyed", a) Typoskript, 2 Blatt; b) Typoskript, 2 Blatt; "Proposed Project for a Treatise on Antisemitism" und "Tentative Outline of Contents". Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Ergänzungen, 8 Blatt; "Notes on the Content for Sections on American Antisemitism for the proposed book". Typoskript, 9 Blatt; Über den Aufbau des Buchs, eigenhändige Notiz von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; Löwenthal, Leo: "Memorandum to Max Horkheimer, re: books", 25.11.1946. Typoskript, 6 Blatt; Memoranden über Besprechungen betreffend "Traetise", 28.05-10.10.1945, Typoskript, 6 Blatt; Jaeger, Werner: 1 Brief mit Unterschrift an Gordon W. Allport, Cambridge, Mass., 21.06.1945, 1 Blatt; Statements for AJC on account 'Treatise', Juli 1945 - Mai 1947, 19 Blatt; Unterlagen zur deutschen Ausgabe der "Studies in Prejudice", 1950-1952; "German Version of the Series 'Studies in Prejudice'". Typoskript, 3 Blatt; "Bericht über den Plan zur Herstellung einer deutschen Fassung der Studies in Prejudice". Typoskript, 4 Blatt; Memoranden zur Arbeit an der deutschen Ausgabe, 15.01.1951- 05.12.1952, Typoskript, 7 Blatt; Record of Meeting Commentary and Institute of Social Research", 29.05.1946; Diskussionsteilnehmer: Cohen, Elliot; Glazer, Nathan; Greenberg, Clement; Warshow, Robert; Löwenthal, Leo; Massing, Paul; Pollock, Friedrich; Weil, Felix; Gurland, A.R.L.; Jahoda, Marie; Löwe, Adolf; Typoskript, 19 Blatt; "Some Notes to the 'tentative draft discussed with R.'", Datierung unklar, um 1943? Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 4 Blatt; "Re: Antisemitism in occupied Europe", Datierung unklar, etwa 1945-1948?; Typsokript, 3 Blatt; "Studies Undertaken in the Project on Political Antisemitism", Tabellarische Aufzählung, Datierung unklar, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; Institut of Social Research: "Instructions", Anweisungen für Interviewer, Fragebogen, Datierung unklar, Entwurf, Typoskript, 4 Blatt; Über Forschungsunternehmungen zu ethischen Vorurteilesstrukturen in den USA zwischen 1928 und 1939, Datierung unklar, Typoskript, 2 Blatt; Institut of Social Research: "Section I: Protestantism and Antisemitism. Section II: Report on the General Body of Protestant Antisemitic Feeling", Datierung unklar, Typoskript, 29 Blatt; Horkheimer, Max: "Re: Anti-Semitism- Spearhead of Nazism", Datierung unklar, Typoskript, 6 Blatt; Adorno, Theodor W.: "Re: Questionaire on Anti-Semitism", Datierung unklar. Typoskript, 5 Blatt; Adorno, Theodor W.: "Outline of a socio-psychological study", Datierung unklar. Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 4 Blatt; "Sample: Responsiveness of Types of Anti-Semites to Anti-Semitic Propaganda", 2 handschriftliche Tabellen-Schemata, Datierung unklar, 2 Blatt;