Chromosomal similarity between the Scaly-headed parrot (Pionus maximiliani), the Short-tailed parrot (Graydidascalus brachyurus) and the Yellow-faced parrot (Salvatoria xanthops) (Psittaciformes: Aves): a cytotaxonomic analysis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Intrageneric Karyotypic Variation in Pseudopaludicola (Anura: Leiuperidae) and Its Taxonomic Relatedness

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cytogenetic studies in six species of Scinax (Anura, Hylidae) clade Scinax ruber from northern and northeastern Brazil

Scinax species are still underrepresented in cytogenetic studies, mainly with respect to populations from northeastern and northern Brazil. In this study, we provide new chromosomal information on Scinax boesemani, S. camposseabrai, S. garbei, S. pachycrus, S. trilineatus and S. x-signatus, all belonging to clade S. ruber. They were collected at two locations in the Caatinga biome (northeastern Brazil) and at one in the Amazon (northern Brazil) biomes. Chromosomes were analyzed by conventional staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR staining, and fluorochrome staining. All species shared a modal diploid value of 2n = 24 and fundamental arm number (FN) of 48. Moreover, both chromosomal size and morphology were similar to other species in this Scinax clade. C-banding revealed centromeric heterochromatin in all species, along with terminal species-specific C-bands in some species. Active nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) were identified at 11q in most species, except for S. boesemani and S. garbei (Ag-NORs at interstitial region of 8q). Differing from most anurans, GC-rich regions were not restricted to NORs, but also coincident with some centromeric and terminal C-bands. These data contribute to the cytotaxonomy of Scinax by providing chromosomal markers and demonstrating the occurrence of microstructural rearrangements and inversions on chromosomal evolution of Scinax.

Cytogenetics of the Brazilian Bolitoglossa paraensis (Unterstein, 1930) salamanders (Caudata, Plethodontidae)

Plethodontid salamanders of genus Bolitoglossa constitute the largest and most diverse group of salamanders, including around 20% of living caudate species. Recent studies have indicated the occurrence of five recognized species in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. We present here the first cytogenetic data of a Brazilian salamander, which may prove to be a useful by contribution to the cytotaxonomy of the genus. Specimens were collected near the “type” locality (Utinga, Belém, PA, Brazil). Chromosomal preparations from duodenal epithelial cells and testes were subjected to Giemsa staining, C-banding and DAPI/CMA₃ fluorochrome staining. All specimens showed a karyotype with 13 bi-armed chromosome pairs (2n = 26). Nucleolar Organizer Regions, evidenced by CMA₃, were located distally on the long arm of pair 7 (7q). DAPI₊ heterochromatin was predominantly centromeric, with some small pericentromeric bands. Although the C-banding patterns of other Bolitoglossa species are so far unknown, cytogenetic studies conducted in other Plethodontid salamanders have demonstrated that pericentromeric heterochromatin is a useful cytological marker for identifying interspecific homeologies. Species diversification is usually accompanied by chromosomal changes. Therefore, the cytogenetic characterization of Bolitoglossa populations from the middle and western Brazilian Amazon Basin could identify differences which may lead to the identification of new species.

New karyologycal data and cytotaxonomic considerations on small mammals from Santa Virginia (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Atlantic Forest, Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in Triatoma melanocephala (Hemiptera, Triatominae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in species of triatomines with fragmentation of sex chromosomes X

Cytogenetic analyses of triatomines are considered to be important taxonomic tools. Thus, we analyzed the pattern of constitutive heterochromatin in 7 species of triatomine with fragmentation of the sex chromosome X, focusing on the cytotaxonomy of these triatomines. The species analyzed included Triatoma vitticeps, Triatoma melanocephala, Triatoma tibiamaculata, Triatoma protracta, Meccus pallidipennis, Panstrongylus megistus, and Panstrongylus lignarius. The seminiferous tubules of the adult males were subjected to C-banding. P. megistus and P. lignarius showed differences in chromosome number and disposition of constitutive heterochromatin, as only P. lignarius showed C-blocks in autosomes. C-banding can differentiate these species, since one of the sex chromosome (X) is heterochromatic in T. vitticeps. T. protracta showed C-blocks in both ends of all autosomes, T. tibiamaculata showed terminal C-dots in some autosomal pairs and M. pallidipennis did not show constitutive heterochromatin in autosomes. Thus, we confirmed the heterochromatic pattern of 7 species of insects and emphasized the importance of cytogenetic techniques for C-banding for taxonomy studies of the triatomines, which are important vectors of Chagas disease.

Mini review: karyotypic survey in triatominae subfamily (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)

The Triatominae subfamily consists of 145 species distributed in 18 genera and grouped in six tribes. Currently, there are 86 karyotypes described in the literature, distributed in 11 genera. There are five chromosomal complements described for these bloodsucking insects, out more, 22 (20A+XY), 23 (20A+X1X2Y), 24 (20A+X1X2X3Y), 21 (18A+X1X2Y), 25 (22A+X1X2Y). Thus, we review all triatomine species with the number of chromosomes described in the literature. Through these data highlight the importance of further analysis cytogenetic with karyotype description in Triatominae subfamily, since it can help as an important tool cytotaxonomy and mainly allows the understanding of the evolution of this important group of insect vectors of Chagas disease.

Chromosomal evolution in Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) with an emphasis on the genus Acianthera: chromosome numbers and heterochromatin

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diploid chromosome set of kissing bug Triatoma baratai (Hemiptera, Triatominae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Karyotype of Rhodnius montenegrensis (Hemiptera, Triatominae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chromosomal characteristics and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in the Matogrossensis and Rubrovaria subcomplexes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudio comparativo del cariotipo en especies de Miltinea Ravenna, Phycella Lindl. y Rhodophiala C. Presl (Amaryllidaceae) de Chile

La familia Amaryllidaceae se encuentra distribuida en diversas regiones de Chile y Sudamérica. De los 11 géneros reconocidos por Ravenna, al menos tres de ellos presentan un reconocido potencial ornamental: Miltinea Ravenna, endémico de Chile y conformado por la especie Miltinea maulensis (Ravenna) Ravenna, Phycella Lindley, endémico de Chile, conformado por cuatro especies y distribuido desde el valle de Elqui hasta la altura de la región de Arauco y Rhodophiala C. Presl. presente en el sur de Brasil, Uruguay, Bolivia, Argentina y Chile conformado por un número aproximado de 40 especies. Actualmente, la información taxonómica tradicional para diferenciar los géneros presentes en Chile es insuficiente. Es por ello que se utilizó la citotaxonomía como una herramienta y fuente de evidencia taxonómica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un estudio comparativo de los cariotipos en representantes de tres géneros de Amaryllidaceae que crecen en Chile con el fin de ayudar a clarificar la posición taxonómica de ellos. Las especies analizadas fueron: Miltinea maulensis (Ravenna) Ravenna, Phycella australis Ravenna, Rhodophiala araucana (Phil.) Traub, Rhodophiala montana (Phil.) Traub, y Rhodophiala pratensis (Poepp.) Traub. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que Miltinea maulensis y Phycella australis presentan características cariológicas muy similares, tanto en el número cromosómico, fórmula cariotípica e índices cromosómicos. Estas características permitirían considerar Miltinea como un sinónimo de Phycella. Por último, las tres especies de Rhodophiala analizadas comparten características citológicas muy similares, como por ejemplo, la presencia de una región NOR en el brazo largo del cromosoma 7, idéntico número cromosómico e índices de asimetría de los cariotipos casi iguales.