928 resultados para cultivares de feijão
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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The identification of genotypes for drought tolerance has a great importance in breeding programs. The aim of this study was to characterize genotypes of beans in response to drought tolerance in different reproductive stages through physiologic, agronomic and molecular analysis. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, using a randomized block design with four replicates; 10 cultivars: ANFC 9, ANFP 110, BRS Esplendor, BRSMG Realce, IPR Siriri, IPR Tangará, IPR Tuiuiu, IPR Uirapuru, IAC Imperador and IAC Milênio under two conditions of irrigation: plants irrigated during their entire life cycle, and plants under irrigation suppression in the reproductive stage (R7) until 16% of field capacity, when the irrigation was restored. In the last four days of stress, the gas exchanges were analyzed, and in the last day of stress was analyzed the percentage of closed stomata in the abaxial surface of the leaves, collected in different times of the day (9h, 12h, 15h and 18h). Additionally, plant samples were collected for the following analysis: fresh and dry mass of leaves, stems and legumes, and proline content in leaves and roots. The plants were harvested at the physiological maturity and the yield components and grain yield were determined. In addition, in order to identify polymorphisms in the sequences of promoters and genes related to drought, seven pairs of primers were tested on the group of genotypes. The drought susceptibility indexes (ISS) ranged from 0.65 to 1.10 in the group of genotypes, which the lowest values observed were for IAC Imperador (0.65) and BRS Esplendor (0.87), indicating the ability of these two genotypes to maintain grain yield under water stress condition. All genotypes showed reduction in yield components under water stress. IAC Imperador (43.4%) and BRS Esplendor (60.6%) had the lowest reductions in productivity and kept about 50% of the stomata closed during all the different times evaluated at last day of irrigation suppression. IAC Imperador showed greater water use efficiency and CO2 assimilation rate under drought stress. IPR Tuiuiú, IPR Tangará and IAC Imperador had the highest proline concentrations in the roots. Under water stress condition, there was a strong positive correlation (0.696) between the percentage of stomata closed with the number of grains per plant (0.696) and the fresh mass of leaves (0.731), the maximum percentage of stomata closed 73.71% in water stress. The accumulation of proline in the root was the character that most contributed to the divergence between the genotypes under water deficit, but not always the genotypes that have accumulated more proline were the most tolerant. The polymorphisms in DNA of coding and promoting sequences of transcription factors studied in this experiment did not discriminate tolerant genotypes from the sensitive ones to water stress.
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2014
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O feijão-caupi possui cultivo intenso nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país e está se expandindo para a região Centro-Oeste. Devido às grandes áreas de produção nessa região, faz-se necessário o controle químico. No entanto não existem produtos registrados para a cultura, sendo essencial para isso os estudos de seletividade de herbicidas. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de doses de sulfentrazone em cultivares de feijão-caupi. O experimento foi realizado em área experimental do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso, Sorriso-MT, em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 com três blocos. Foram avaliadas quatro variedades (Imponente, Tumucumaque, Novaera e Itaim) e quatro doses de sulfentrazone (0; 250; 500 e 1000 g i.a.ha-1). As parcelas possuíam área total de 4 x 3 m de área útil de 6 m2. O espaçamento entrelinhas do feijão-caupi foi de 0,5 m. As aplicações foram realizadas com pulverizador costal pressurizado a CO2 equipado com pontas de jato plano XR 110.02, calibrado para volume de calda de 200 L ha-1. A fitotoxicidade foi avaliada aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação (DAA) utilizando a escala EWRC. Observou-se maior fitotoxicidade com o aumento da dose aplicada do produto, chegando ao máximo de nota 3 aos 7 DAA para a maior dose do produto em todas as cultivares, à exceção da cultivar Itaim que foi nota 2. Aos 21 DAA, não houve praticamente fitointoxicação (notas 1 ou 2) para todas as doses em todas as cultivares à exceção da cultivar Itaim que na maior dose apresentou nota 3. Houve menor número de grãos/vagem das cultivares Imponente e Nova Era do que a cultivar Tumucumaque. Além disso, as cultivares Itaim e Tumucumaque apresentaram menor massa de 100 grãos que a cultivar Imponente. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos em relação à produtividade e o número de vagens/planta. Como conclusão, as diferentes doses do herbicida sulfentrazone são seletivas para as cultivares avaliadas.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The green corn demand, production of quality bean grain and better use of land and water resources can be used by small farmers through the intercropping of common bean and green corn in off-season crops. Field experiments were conducted in the Polo Regional Extremo Oeste-APTA, in Andradina -São Paulo State, in 2005 and 2006. The objective was to evaluate the performance of green corn cultivars grown in single crop and intercropped with common bean. The randomized blocks design with 8 treatments constituted by the combination of two corn (CATIVERDE 02 and XB 7012) and three common bean cultivars of different growth habits: IPR Colibri (I), IPR Juriti (II) and IAC Carioca (III), with four repetitions was used. The influence of the intercropping on the performance of corn was not significant. The hybrid XB 7012 was more productive in intercropping and in single crop. The hybrid production more 8000 commercials ears and lengt ears when compared with the variety. The intercropping with the IPR Juriti or IPR Colibri cultivars were the most profitable for the producer.
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Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] have great social and economic importance for the Para State. It grows well in areas with low precipitation and two crop cycles can be obtained annually. This study aimed to assess the effect of the residual fertilization from a previous culture (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and crop systems on cowpea yield and macronutrient concentration on leaves of three cowpea cultivars (BRSMilênio, BRS-Urubuquara e BRS-Guariba). The study was conducted at the UFRA. The treatments were two crop systems (minimum tillage and conventional), four levels of potassium (50, 100, 200 e 300 kg de KCl ha-1 applied to a previous sorghum culture) and the three cowpea cultivars. Treatments were organized as a three (4 x 2 x 3) factor experiment on a randomized complete block design. The soil was a yellow latosol. In each experiment plot five plants were selected to determine shoot dry matter and foliar nutrient concentration. Grain yield was determined after harvesting all plants on the experiment plot. The residual KCl fertilization affected foliar nutrient content, but did not affect shoot dry mass or yield of grain. Yield was higher in the minimum tillage system. Highest yield (1590 kg ha-1) was recorded int the cv. 'Guariba' when 100 kg of KCl ha-1 had been used in the previous crop. The highest content of leaf N and K was found in cowpea under minimum tillage system. The amount of P and Mg were higher in the conventional system whereas the amount of Ca did not change.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)