Systematic studies on 3d-3d and 3d-4f multimetallic complexes with interesting magnetic and/or luminescent properties

324 p.

Uma abordagem de óptica física e física moderna para Engenharia Ambiental

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Efeito Peltier em estruturas semicondutoras quasiperiódicas

There is nowadays a growing demand for located cooling and stabilization in optical and electronic devices, haul of portable systems of cooling that they allow a larger independence in several activities. The modules of thermoelectrical cooling are bombs of heat that use efect Peltier, that consists of the production of a temperature gradient when an electric current is applied to a thermoelectrical pair formed by two diferent drivers. That efect is part of a class of thermoelectrical efcts that it is typical of junctions among electric drivers. The modules are manufactured with semiconductors. The used is the bismuth telluride Bi2Te3, arranged in a periodic sequence. In this sense the idea appeared of doing an analysis of a system that obeys the sequence of Fibonacci. The sequence of Fibonacci has connections with the golden proportion, could be found in the reproductive study of the bees, in the behavior of the light and of the atoms, as well as in the growth of plants and in the study of galaxies, among many other applications. An apparatus unidimensional was set up with the objective of investigating the thermal behavior of a module that obeys it a rule of growth of the type Fibonacci. The results demonstrate that the modules that possess periodic arrangement are more eficient

Visible emission from Er-doped SnO2 thin films deposited by sol-gel

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Preparação e caracterização óptica de filmes nanocristalinos de GaAs:H depositados por RF magnetron sputtering

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Modulação das propriedade ópticas de semicondutores pela incorporação de íons terras raras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Investigação óptica de pontos quânticos de InAs confinados em poços quânticos de In0,15Ga0,85As

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Vidros óxidos contendo átomos pesados para aplicações em óptica não linear e fotônica na região do infravermelho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ótica e a visão humana

Optics consists in the study of interaction of light with physical systems. The human vision is a product of the interaction of light with the eye (a very peculiar physical system). Here we present a basic study of the relationship between the optics and human vision, including: - The fundaments and physicals properties who characterize the light and the colors and the characteristics of the incidence mediums. - The basics laws of geometrical optics, based in the rectilinear propagation of light in the form of a light ray, in the independence of light rays and in the principle of reversibility of the light beams. This principle is present in the process of image formations in lenses and mirrors and applied in the study of image formation in the human eye. - The refraction and reflection laws and types of lenses, who permits the construction of optics devices for the study of physical universe, and the appliances to correct vision diseases. - Presents the human vision process as consisting in the reception of light (electromagnetic radiation in the zone of wavelength visible to us) through the eye and the sending of information obtained by the retina to the brain where it is interpreted. The vision involves a biophysical relation between the light and the biological structure of the eye who is constituted by cornea, iris, crystalline and retina. Analyzes is made of how some parts of the eye performs a function in the reception and sending of information of the images to the brain

Nanocompósitos multifuncionas de fibroína reforçados com biocelulose

This work shows the preparation and characterization of the new nanocomposites based on fibroin and biocellulose. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an exopolysaccharide produced by bacteria of the genus Gluconacetobacter, which it has identical chemical structure of the cellulose from plants and it has gained attention in the field of research for its unique properties as excellent mechanical properties when dry and hydrated , higher capacity of water retention, moldability , biodegradability and excellent biological affinity . Silk fibroin (SF) is a structural protein present in the cocoon of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has been identified as suitable for developing optical devices, tissue engineering application, enzyme immobilization, controlled release drug agent biopolymer. Silk fibroin/bacterial cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared impregnating different cellulose charges (0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 2.5 %, 5.0 % and 10.0 %) weight/weight. According mechanical tests and water and Paynes's cup permeability showed that SF/BC 1% nanocomposite has the most relevant results. Poliethylenoglicol (PEG) containing SF films improved optical and mechanical properties when compared to pristine SF film. New SF/BC nanocomposites could be applied in Medicine, as biodegradable packaging and flexible substrates for OLEDs.

Nanopartículas de CeO2 modificadas com Er obtidas pelo método hidrotermal microondas: estudo fotoluminescente

The development of nanostructured materials have aroused great interest of the industries all over the country, since they enable the development of devices that can be used as gate insulators on silicon transistors, electrochromic devices, solid electrolyte oxygen sensors and as a photoluminescent materials . In this project, it is proposed to investigate the optical properties of CeO2 modified with rare earth Er processed in hydrothermal-microwave. The synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures (1D) was measured from dilute aqueous solutions of acids and salts of starting reagents in the presence of chemical basis, after these aqueous solutions were processed on hydrothermal-microwave to particle growth. The particles obtained after processing were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Rietveld Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy. The particle morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun. The synthesis of 1D nanostructures are evaluated for different surfactants and starting precursors (ceria different salts), pH, temperature and pressure which can modify the morphology of the nanostructures. Combining laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations it was desired to understand the organization of the nanoparticles and their resulting structure. Strict control of chemical homogeneity, crystal structure, microstructure and interaction of the CeO2 cluster with different surfactants using the Hartree-Fock method, was intended to obtain properties compatible with their use in catalysts and optical devices. The use of mineralizer agent KOH and 8 minutes of processing time synthesis conditions were chosen to evaluate the effect of Er dopant. It has been proved that this doping with rare earth increases the photoluminescent properties of the compound obtained without change the structural and morphological propreties of ceria

Nanopartículas de CeO2 modificadas com Er obtidas pelo método hidrotermal microondas: estudo fotoluminescente

The development of nanostructured materials have aroused great interest of the industries all over the country, since they enable the development of devices that can be used as gate insulators on silicon transistors, electrochromic devices, solid electrolyte oxygen sensors and as a photoluminescent materials . In this project, it is proposed to investigate the optical properties of CeO2 modified with rare earth Er processed in hydrothermal-microwave. The synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures (1D) was measured from dilute aqueous solutions of acids and salts of starting reagents in the presence of chemical basis, after these aqueous solutions were processed on hydrothermal-microwave to particle growth. The particles obtained after processing were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Rietveld Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy. The particle morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun. The synthesis of 1D nanostructures are evaluated for different surfactants and starting precursors (ceria different salts), pH, temperature and pressure which can modify the morphology of the nanostructures. Combining laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations it was desired to understand the organization of the nanoparticles and their resulting structure. Strict control of chemical homogeneity, crystal structure, microstructure and interaction of the CeO2 cluster with different surfactants using the Hartree-Fock method, was intended to obtain properties compatible with their use in catalysts and optical devices. The use of mineralizer agent KOH and 8 minutes of processing time synthesis conditions were chosen to evaluate the effect of Er dopant. It has been proved that this doping with rare earth increases the photoluminescent properties of the compound obtained without change the structural and morphological propreties of ceria

Desarrollo y validación de tecnologías de intensificación lumínica para fotobiorreactores (FBR) para el aprovechamiento de la radiación en el cultivo de microalgas

En la actualidad la humanidad se enfrenta a una serie de problemas de gran transcendencia que van a determinar en alto grado los niveles de calidad de vida en los próximos años. El calentamiento global, el incremento demográfico incontrolado, la contaminación ambiental y la escasez de recursos así como una mala distribución de los mismos, son sólo algunos ejemplos. En este contexto, las microalgas, microrganismos fotosintéticos de alta eficiencia y versatilidad, presentan una serie de características que las convierten a priori en la base de una tecnología con un enorme potencial para formar parte de la solución a estos graves problemas planteados. Uno de los principales factores que impiden una mayor implantación de la tecnología de microalgas es de tipo económico. La baja productividad por unidad de área de los sistemas de cultivo actuales y la alta inversión necesaria en equipos y mantenimiento, hace que solo se justifique el cultivo de productos de muy alto valor añadido. Las soluciones pasan por aumentar el rendimiento global de los cultivos y por disminuir los costes de equipos e instalaciones. La presente tesis investiga sobre la posibilidad de conseguir un mejor aprovechamiento de la luz solar incidente sobre un cultivo de microalgas mediante el uso de una serie de dispositivos ópticos que vienen a denominarse intensificadores lumínicos. De entre los factores que determinan la productividad de un campo de cultivo de microalgas, posiblemente el más determinante sea la cantidad de radiación que las microalgas pueden aprovechar. Los intensificadores aumentan la disponibilidad de luz en el interior de los tubos de cultivo, de forma que la fotosíntesis se vea favorecida y, de este modo, se incremente la tasa de crecimiento de las microalgas. En el desarrollo de la tesis se proponen tres tipologías diferentes de intensificador diseñadas en base a criterios óptico-geométricos. Para cada una de estas tipologías se evalúa el incremento de radiación que se lograría sobre un tubo de cultivo. Paralelamente se desarrolla un modelo que permite la evaluación de la productividad del cultivo. Esto permite añadir el factor biológico al puramente óptico-físico y valorar las distintas propuestas de intensificadores en función de las características propias del microalga utilizada en el cultivo. El modelo es verificado y contrastado frente a datos de producción obtenidos en la bibliografía. Finalmente, la exposición concluye con una presentación general de las futuras líneas de investigación. ABSTRACT Today, humanity is facing a series of problems of global significance that will determine the standard of living in the years ahead. Global warming, uncontrolled population growth, pollution, lack of resources and poor distribution of them are just an example of the challenges we are facing. In this context, microalgae, high efficient photosynthetic microorganisms, have a number of characteristics that turn them into a very promising technology that can contribute or be part of a sustainable solution. One of the main factors preventing the adoption of microalgae technology is economical. The low productivity per unit area of current farming systems and the high investment needed in equipment and maintenance, only justifies the cultivation of algae for high value applications. One solution could be increasing the overall yield of the crops and reduce the equipment and facilities costs. Among the factors that determine the productivity of a microalgae culture, possibly the most influential one is the amount of radiation that microalgae receive. This Thesis develops the possibility of making better use of the sunlight radiation incident on a crop field using a series of devices similar to solar collectors. The solar collectors proposed are intended to increase the availability of light inside the culture tubes and within it, the tax of photosynthesis and the overall growth rate of the microalgae. In this research, three different configurations of collectors are designed, based on optical and geometrical criteria. For each one of these collectors, the increase on radiation that would be expected is evaluated. Furthermore, a model for light distribution inside the culture is developed in terms to estimate the biomass productivity. This allows adding the biological factor to purely optical-physical considerations and to assess the different solar collectors proposed, in terms specific for the microalgae. The model is tested against production data obtained in different scientific literature. Finally, the exposition concludes with some guidelines for future research.

Obtención de impulsos láser de corta duración por modulación biestable híbrida

Durante los últimos años se ha desarrollado un considerable esfuerzo en el campo de los dispositivos ópticos biestables, capaces de realizar funciones como: ganancia diferencial, mejora de la relación señal/ruido en un sistema de comunicaciones ópticas, limitación de la señal de salida, memorias ópticas, generación de oscilaciones regenerativas, funciones lógicas AND y OR ópticas, entre otras.

Caracterización de la polarización de haces de luz a la salida de prismas despolarizadores anisótropos

Los pseudo-despolarizadores espaciales, entre los que se encuentran los denominados prismas despolarizadores, son dispositivos ópticos capaces de modificar el estado de polarización en cada punto del plano transversal de los haces de luz, obteniendo un continuo de estados de polarización y por tanto un grado de polarización estándar próximo a cero. En la literatura, en reiteradas ocasiones se utilizan estos prismas asumiendo la aproximación de que en su cara oblicua no existe doble reflexión. En el presente trabajo se investigan en detalle las características de polarización locales y globales de haces monocromáticos planos a la salida de un prisma despolarizador teniendo en cuenta la doble reflexión y se comparan los resultados con el caso de despreciar esta doble reflexión. Como consecuencia se obtienen las condiciones bajo las cuales el efecto de la doble reflexión puede ser despreciable. ABSTRACT: Spatial pseudo-depolarizers are optical devices that modify the polarization state along the transverse plane of a light beam in such a way that a continuum of polarization states are obtained. Consequently, a standard degree of polarization near to zero is reached when average over the whole beam section is taken. Depolarizing prism is an example of spatial pseudo-depolarizer. Double reflection effects are usually not considered in literature for such devices. In the present work, the polarization properties at the exit of a depolarizing prism are studied taking into account the effect of double reflection and the results are compared to those obtained when double reflection is neglected. Conditions under which the double reflection effect may be negligible on depolarizing action of this class of prisms are obtained.