Managing careers and managing fairness : an organisational justice theory perspective on employee evaluations of, and reactions to, organisational career management practices

This thesis presents the results of a multi-method investigation of employee perceptions of fairness in relation to their career management experiences. Organisational justice theory (OJT) was developed as a theoretical framework and data were gathered via 325 quantitative questionnaires, 20 semi-structured interviews and the analysis of a variety of company documents and materials. The results of the questionnaire survey provided strong support for the salience of employee perceptions of justice in regard to their evaluations of organisational career management (OCM) practices, with statistical support emerging for both an agent-systems and interaction model of organisational justice. The qualitative semi-structured interviews provided more detailed analysis of how fairness was experienced in practice, and confirmed the importance of the OJT constructs of fairness within this career management context. Fairness themes to emerge from this analysis included, equity, needs, voice, bias suppression, consistency, ethicality, respect and feedback drawing on many of the central tenants of distributive, procedural, interpersonal and information justice. For the career management literature there is empirical confirmation of a new theoretical framework for understanding employee evaluations of, and reactions to, OCM practices. For the justice literatures a new contextual domain is explored and confirmed, thus extending further the influence and applicability of the theory. For practitioners a new framework for developing, delivering and evaluating their own OCM policies and systems is presented.

Impactia: automating the study of the scientific production

Introduction The Andalusian Public Health System Virtual Library (Biblioteca Virtual del Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía, BV-SSPA) was set up in June 2006. It consists of a regional government action with the aim of democratizing the health professional access to quality scientific information, regardless of the professional workplace. Andalusia is a region with more than 8 million inhabitants, with 100,000 health professionals for 41 hospitals, 1,500 primary healthcare centres, and 28 centres for non-medical attention purposes (research, management, and educational centres). Objectives The Department of Development, Research and Investigation (R+D+i) of the Andalusian Regional Government has, among its duties, the task of evaluating the hospitals and centres of the Andalusian Public Health System (SSPA) in order to distribute its funding. Among the criteria used is the evaluation of the scientific output, which is measured using bibliometry. It is well-known that the bibliometry has a series of limitations and problems that should be taken into account, especially when it is used for non-information sciences, such us career, funding, etc. A few years ago, the bibliometric reports were done separately in each centre, but without using preset and well-defined criteria, elements which are basic when we need to compare the results of the reports. It was possible to find some hospitals which were including Meeting Abstracts in their figures, while others do not, and the same was happening with Erratum and many other differences. Therefore, the main problem that the Department of R+D+i had to deal with, when they were evaluating the health system, was that bibliometric data was not accurate and reports were not comparable. With the aim of having an unified criteria for the whole system, the Department of R+D+i ordered the BV-SSPA to do the year analysis of the scientific output of the system, using some well defined criteria and indicators, among whichstands out the Impact Factor. Materials and Methods As the Impact Factor is the bibliometric indicator that the virtual library is asked to consider, it is necessary to use the database Web of Science (WoS), since it is its owner and editor. The WoS includes the databases Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and Arts & Humanities Citation Index. To gather all the documents, SCI and SSCI are used; to obtain the Impact Factor and quartils, it is used the Journal Citation Reports, JCR. Unlike other bibliographic databases, such us MEDLINE, the bibliometric database WoS includes the address of all the authors. In order to retrieve all the scientific output of the SSPA, we have done general searches, which are afterwards processed by a tool developed by our library. We have done nine different searches using the field ‘address’; eight of them including ‘Spain’ and each one of the eight Andalusian Regions, and the other one combining ‘Spain’ with all those cities where there are health centres, since we have detected that there are some authors that do not use the region in their signatures. These are some of the search strategies: AD=Malaga and AD=Spain AD=Sevill* and AD=Spain AD=SPAIN AND (AD=GUADIX OR AD=BAZA OR AD=MOTRIL) Further more, the field ‘year’ is used to determine the period. To exploit the data, the BV-SSPA has developed a tool called Impactia. It is a web application which uses a database to store the information of the documents generated by the SSPA. Impactia allows the user to automatically process the retrieved documents, assigning them to their correspondent centres. In order to do the classification of documents automaticaly, it was necessary to detect the huge variability of names of the centres that the authors use in their signatures. Therefore, Impactia knows that if an author signs as “Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena”, “HVM” or “Hosp. Virgin Macarena”, he belongs to the same centre. The figure attached shows the variability found for the Empresa Publica Hospital de Poniente. Besides the documents from WoS, Impactia includes the documents indexed in Scopus and in other databases, where we do bibliographic searches using similar strategies to the later ones. Aware that in the health centres and hospitals there is a lot of grey literature that is not gathered in databases, Impactia allows the centres to feed the application with these documents, so that all the SSPA scientific output is gathered and organised in a centralized place. The ones responsible of localizing this gray literature are the librarians of each one of the centres. They can also do statements to the documents and indicators that are collected and calculated by Impactia. The bulk upload of documents from WoS and Scopus into Impactia is monthly done. One of the main issues that we found during the development of Impactia was the need of dealing with duplicated documents obtained from different sources. Taking into account that sometimes titles might be written differently, with slashes, comas, and so on, Impactia detects the duplicates using the field ‘DOI’ if it is available or comparing the fields: page start, page end and ISSN. Therefore it is possible to guarantee the absence of duplicates. Results The data gathered in Impactia becomes available to the administrative teams and hospitals managers, through an easy web page that allows them to know at any moment, and with just one click, the detailed information of the scientific output of their hospitals, including useful graphs such as percentage of document types, journals where their scientists usually publish, annual comparatives, bibliometric indicators and so on. They can also compare the different centres of the SSPA. Impactia allows the user to download the data from the application, so that he can work with this information or include them in their centres’ reports. This application saves the health system many working hours. It was previously done manually by forty one librarians, while now it is done by only one person in the BV-SSPA during two days a month. To sum up, the benefits of Impactia are: It has shown its effectiveness in the automatic classification, treatment and analysis of the data. It has become an essential tool for all managers to evaluate quickly and easily the scientific production of their centers. It optimizes the human resources of the SSPA, saving time and money. It is the reference point for the Department of R+D+i to do the scientific health staff evaluation.

Tukkukaupan tietojärjestelmäprojektin toimitusprosessin uudistaminen

Tässä työssä tarkastellaan tietojärjestelmän toimitusprojektia. Tutkimusongelmana on järjestelmäasiakkaiden prosessien muutostarpeet analyysiprosessin yhteydessä ja asiakkaan luottamuksen vahvistaminen toimittajan toimialaosaamiseen ja kokemukseen vastaavista projekteista. Työn tavoitteena on pyrkiä kehittämään parannettu toimintamalli tai palvelutuote. Tuotteen tavoitteena on systematisoida prosessit, jotta ne voidaan esittää asiakkaalle selkeinä ja luotettavina toimintamalleina jo myyntitilanteessa.Kirjallisuustutkimuksella selvitetään osa-alueet, joita teoreettisesti tulisi käyttää menestyksekkäässä toimitusprojektissa. Siinä tutustutaan yleisen projektinhallinnan teoriaan sekä ohjaus- että toteutusprosessin näkökulmasta. Lisäksi tutustutaan projektia varmistaviin osa-alueisiin kuten kumppanuuden ja luottamuksen vaikutukseen toimituksen onnistumisessa. Yrityksen nykyiset prosessit käsitellään ohjeistojen ja käsikirjan pohjalta. Ongelmat kartoitetaan teemahaastattelulla, jolla selvitetään nykyisten prosessien toimintaongelmia.Työn kehittämisosassa kootaan yhteen teoriasta ja käytännöstä saatuja tietoja ja esitetään, mitä muutoksia ja lisäyksiä nykyisiin prosesseihin tulisi tehdä. Osassa myös esitetään, mitä kehitystekijöitä tulee huomioida jatkettaessa työskentelyä kohti tuotteistettua toimitusprojektia. Lopuksi esitetään työn keskeiset tulokset ja miten kehitystyötä tulisi jatkaa tutkimuksen pohjalta.

Grassroots Charity in China: Case Analysis of a Charity Project Organised by Jane Zhang Fan Club

As unregistered grassroots charities do not appear in official statistics in China, they tend to remain unnoticed by scholars. Also as they operate unofficially and avoid publicity, their work is usually not reported by the media. In this research I explore the grassroots charity activity of one pop music fan club from the viewpoint of trust as a sociological concept. I will also establish the general situation on charity in China. By using textual analysis on internet blogs and discussion forums I map the charity project from the discussion of the original idea to the execution and follow up phase. I study the roles the fan club members assume during the project as anonymous participants of internet conversations, as well as concrete active charity volunteers outside of the virtual world. I establish parties, other than the fan club, which are involved in the charity project. Interviews with one of the participant of the project in 2010, 2014 and 2015 bring valuable additional information and help in distributing the questionnaire survey. A quantitative questionnaire survey was distributed among the fan club members to get more detailed information on the motives and attitudes towards official and unofficial charity in China. Because of the inequality in China, the rural minority areas do not have similar educational opportunities as the mostly majority inhabited urban areas, even though the country officially has a nine year compulsory education. Grassroots charities can operate in relative freedom taking some of the government’s burden of social responsibilities if they are not criticizing the authorities. The problem with grassroots charity seems to be lack of sustainability. The lack of trust for authorities and official charities was the reason why the Jane Zhang fan club decided to conduct a charity case unofficially. As a group of people previously unknown to each other, they managed to build mutual trust to carry out the project transparently and successfully, though not sustainably. The internet has provided a new and effective platform for unofficial grassroots charities, who choose not to co-operate with official organisations. On grassroots level charities can have the transparency and trust that lack from official charities. I suggest, that interviewing the real persons behind the internet aliases and finding out what happened outside the discussion forums, would bring a more detailed and outspoken description of the project concerning of the contacts with the local authorities. Also travelling to the site and communicating with the local people in the village would establish how they have experienced the project.

La confidentialité des résultats des tests génétiques : les droits des membres de la famille et les obligations des professionnels de la santé : une étude comparée Québec / France

L'information génétique, de manière intrinsèque, concerne non seulement un individu, mais également les personnes qui lui sont liées par le sang. Dans l'hypothèse où une personne refusait de communiquer des informations cruciales pour la santé des membres de sa famille, les professionnels de la santé qui détiennent ces renseignements pourraient se retrouver confrontés à un dilemme, soit le choix entre le respect de la confidentialité ou la communication des infonnations pertinentes dans l'intérêt de la famille. Ce mémoire propose une analyse des règles régissant la confidentialité des résultats des tests génétiques en regard des droits des membres de la famille et des obligations des professionnels de la santé. Une analyse comparative entre le droit québécois et français est effectuée. La législation portant sur la confidentialité est essentiellement fondée sur la protection des droits individuels. Des exceptions législatives sont toutefois prévues dans l'intérêt de certains membres de la famille, mais elles s'adressent uniquement à la famille biologique. La notion de famille est ainsi restreinte spécifiquement dans le cadre de la génétique. Le bris de la confidentialité ne semble pas la solution optimale pour résoudre le conflit entre les droits de la personne concernée et ceux de sa famille et n'est d'ailleurs pas envisagé par les systèmes juridiques québécois et français. Les professionnels de la santé doivent alors mettre l'accent sur l'information et le dialogue avec le patient, ce qui est davantage garant de la protection des droits de toutes les personnes en cause.

La protection de la vie privée : brève analyse de la situation italienne

L'Italie a été l'avant-dernier pays européen, suivi seulement de la Grèce, à se doter d'une loi sur la protection de la vie privée (loi du 31 décembre 1996). Paradoxalement, c'est en Italie qu'ont été écrites quelques-uns des meilleurs ouvrages sur ce sujet, notamment ceux du professeur Rodotà. En dépit du retard du législateur italien, il doit être précisé que la loi de 1996, faisant suite à la Directive communautaire relative à la protection des données personnelles, introduit un concept moderne de la vie privée, qui ne se limite pas simplement à un « right to be let alone », selon la célèbre conception de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, mais qui se réfère plutôt à la protection de la personne humaine. Le concept de vie privée, entendu comme l’interdiction d’accéder à des informations personnelles, se transforme en un contrôle des renseignements relatifs à la personne. De cette manière, se développe une idée de la vie privée qui pose comme fondements : le droit de contrôle, de correction et d'annulation d'informations sur la personne. À cet égard, il est important de souligner le double système d’autorisation pour le traitement licite des informations. Le consentement de l'intéressé est requis pour les données personnelles. Pour les données dites « sensibles », en revanche, l'autorisation du Garant sera nécessaire en plus de l'expression du consentement de l’intéressé. En revanche, aucune autorisation n'est requise pour le traitement de données n'ayant qu'un but exclusivement personnel, ainsi que pour les données dites « anonymes », à condition qu'elles ne permettent pas d'identifier le sujet concerné. Le type de responsabilité civile prévu par la loi de 1996 se révèle particulièrement intéressant : l'article 18 prévoit l'application de l'article 2050 du Code civil italien (exercice d'activités dangereuses), alors que l'article 29 prévoit, lui, l'octroi de dommages et intérêts pour les préjudices non patrimoniaux (cette disposition est impérative, conformément à l'article 2059 du Code civil italien). Le présent article se propose d'examiner l'application des normes évoquées ci-dessus à Internet.

Education and training futures in horticulture and horticultural science

Horticultural knowledge and skills training have been with humankind for some 10,000 to 20,000 years. With permanent settlement and rising wealth and trade, horticulture products and services became a source of fresh food for daily consumption, and a source of plant material in developing a quality environment and lifestyle. The knowledge of horticulture and the skills of its practitioners have been demonstrated through the advancing civilizations in both eastern and western countries. With the rise of the Agricultural Revolutions in Great Britain, and more widely across Continental Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as the move towards colonisation and early migration to the New Worlds, many westernised countries established the early institutions that would provide education and training in agriculture and horticulture. Today many of these colleges and universities provide undergraduate, postgraduate and vocational and technical training that specifically targets horticulture and/or horticultural science with some research and teaching institutions also providing extension and advisory services to industry. The objective of this chapter is to describe the wider pedagogic and educational context in which those concerned with horticulture operate, the institutional structures that target horticulture and horticultural science education and training internationally; examine changing educational formats, especially distance education; and consider strategies for attracting and retaining young people in the delivery of world-class horticultural education. In this chapter we set the context by investigating the horticultural education and training options available, the constraints that prevent young people entering horticulture, and suggest strategies that would attract and retain these students. We suggest that effective strategies and partnerships be put in place by the institution, the government and most importantly the industry to provide for undergraduate and postgraduate education in horticulture and horticultural science; that educational and vocational training institutions, government, and industry need to work more effectively together to improve communication about horticulture and horticultural science in order to attract enrolments of more and talented students; and that the horticulture curriculum be continuously evaluated and revised so that it remains relevant to future challenges facing the industries of horticulture in the production, environmental and social spheres. These strategies can be used as a means to develop successful programs and case studies that would provide better information to high school career counsellors, improve the image of horticulture and encourage greater involvement from alumni and the industries in recruitment, provide opportunities to improve career aspirations, ensure improved levels of remuneration, and promote the social features of the profession and greater awareness and recognition of the profession in the wider community. A successful career in horticulture demands intellectual capacities which are capable of drawing knowledge from a wide field of basic sciences, economics and the humanities and integrating this into academic scholarship and practical technologies.

Credible managerial vision

We develop a model in which managers choose whether or not to reveal their “vision” for the future of their companies. Visionary managers are valuable because they generate incentives for workers to develop profitable innovations for the firm. However, managerial vision is not necessarily credible. After workers have invested in developing ideas, there is no a priori reason for a manager to keep her earlier promises when new contingencies arise and make it profitable to change the firm’s strategic direction. We show that credible managerial vision will arise in equilibrium when managers have career concerns. In order to credibly implement their visions, managers issue public “mission statements” to motivate workers. Mission statements are not legally binding contracts and their value comes solely from their effects on managerial opportunities outside the firm. Among the new implications of the model, we show that managerial vision is more likely to be credible in industries in which managerial turnover is high and in which the managerial skill premium is high. Differently from the related literature that take managerial biases as exogenous, we show not only that biases increase workers’ incentives, but also that the need to provide incentives to workers increases managers’ incentives to become credible visionaries.

Clinical and Breed Characteristics of Idiopathic Head Tremor Syndrome in 291 Dogs: A Retrospective Study.

Objective. To establish signalment and phenomenology of canine idiopathic head tremor syndrome (IHTS), an episodic head movement disorder of undetermined pathogenesis. Design. Retrospective case series. Animals. 291 dogs with IHTS diagnosed between 1999 and 2013. Procedures. Clinical information was obtained from an online community of veterinary information aggregation and exchange (Veterinary Information Network, 777 W Covell Boulevard, Davis, CA 95616) and conducted with their approval. Information on breed, sex, age of onset, tremor description, mentation during the event, effect of distractions and drugs, diagnostics, presence of other problems, and outcome was analyzed. Results. IHTS was found in 24 pure breeds. Bulldogs, Labrador Retrievers, Boxers, and Doberman Pinschers comprised 69%; mixed breeds comprised 17%. Average onset age was 29 months (range: 3 months to 12 years). First episode occurred before 48 months of age in 88%. Vertical (35%), horizontal (50%), and rotational (15%) movements were documented. Possible trigger events were found in 21%. Mentation was normal in 93%. Distractions abated the tremor in 87%. Most dogs did not respond to antiepileptic drugs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance. This retrospective study documents IHTS in many breeds including Labrador Retrievers, Boxers, and mixed breeds.

Capital Markets Union: a vision for the long term. Bruegel Policy Contribution ISSUE 2015/05 April 2015

Capital Markets Union (CMU) is a welcome initiative. It could augment economic risk sharing, set the right conditions for more dynamic development of risk capital for high-growth firms and improve choices and returns for savers. This offers major potential for benefits in terms of jobs, growth and financial resilience. • CMU cannot be a short-term cyclical instrument to replace subdued bank lending, because financial ecosystems change slowly. Shifting financial intermediation towards capital markets and increasing cross-border integration will require action on multiple fronts, including increasing the transparency, reliability and comparability of information and addressing financial stability concerns. Some quick wins might be available but CMU’s real potential can only be achieved with a long-term structural policy agenda. • To sustain the current momentum, the EU should first commit to a limited number of key reforms, including more integrated accounting enforcement and supervision of audit firms. Second, it should set up autonomous taskforces to prepare proposals on the more complex issues: corporate credit information, financial infrastructure, insolvency, financial investment taxation and the retrospective review of recent capital markets regulation. The aim should be substantial legislative implementation by the end of the current EU parliamentary term.

Dimensions : a catalog of ideas relating education to work /

"Prepared for Off. of Career Education, U.S. Off. of Education."

Advanced Asia's health systems in comparison

There is growing interest in comparing patterns of social and health service development in advanced Asian economies. Most publications concentrate broadly on a range of core social services such as education, housing, social security and health care. In terms of those solely focused on health, most discuss arrangements in specific countries and territories. Some take a comparative approach, but are focused on presentation and discussion of expenditure, resourcing and service utilization data. This article extends the comparative analysis of advanced Asian health systems, considering the cases of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. The article provides basic background information, and delves into common concerns among the world's health systems today including primary care organization, rationing and cost containment, service quality, and system integration. Conclusions include that problems exist in 'classifying' the five diverse systems; that the systems face common pressures; and that there are considerable opportunities to enhance primary care, service quality and system integration. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

What will the boss think? The impression management implications of supportive relationships with star and project peers

Although impression management scholars have identified a number of tactics for influencing supervisor evaluations, most of those tactics represent supervisor-targeted behaviors. This study examines the degree to which employees form supportive relationships with peers for impression management purposes. In so doing, we explore this intriguing question: Will employees gain more from forming supportive relationships with stars (i.e., top performers who are on the fast track in the organization) or projects (i.e., works in progress who need help and refinement to perform well)? We examined this question in 2 field studies. Study 1 included 4 sources and 2 time periods; Study 2 included 2 sources and 3 time periods. The results showed that supportive relationships with both stars and projects seemed to represent impression management opportunities, insofar as they predicted supervisor positive affect and perceptions of employee promotability. Impression management motives only predicted supportive relationships with stars, however, not projects. Relationships with projects were driven by prosocial motives not concerns about managing images. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of our results for the managing of impressions and peer relationships

Serviço de revisão bibliográfica colaborativa

The investigation communities spread all over the planet create considerable amounts of knowledge while developing their activities. The most known way of communicating this knowledge is through papers publishing, books and reports, among others. These documents are stored in libraries and even more nowadays, in the Internet, allowing people to access up dated information more efficiently than ever. However, this great amount of available information can represent an obstacle to its transformation in knowledge. It is therefore relevant the implementation of mechanisms that enable this transformation. In this dissertation a proposal for creation of a new information service is presented. It concerns a service of collaborative bibliographic revision, which supports the investigators in this specific task as well as in registering its results, thus providing future revisions by third party. The developed model takes its grounds in a documental background accessible through a commercial libraries management system, under which a "web" of semantically enriched connections is established and that register preferential paths for exploring this background, according to multiple criteria as well as notes to documents and paths themselves. A prototype is presented it implements the fundamental ideas of the model, which at its basic level represents an access interface to a repository of documents in electronic form. Based on this level there are two others, focussed on the registration of information added by the users of the service. The results emerged from this prototype clearly show the viability of the model.