1000 resultados para conservação de recursos genéticos


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O presente trabalho teve como objectivo proceder à avaliação da qualidade nutricional de 20 variedades regionais de Phaseolus vulgaris L. e à análise comparativa dos parâmetros bioquímicos (nutricionais e anti-nutricionais) obtidos recorrendo às técnicas analíticas convencionais por química molhada e de NIRS (Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy). Uma tipificação das variedades regionais de feijão foi realizada recorrendo a sete parâmetros ou caracteres (traits) nutricionais compreendidos em humidade, proteína bruta, lípidos totais, açúcares solúveis, amido, cinzas e minerais. A faseolamina foi incluída na tipificação do feijão como parâmetro anti-nutricional enquanto inibidor de enzimas digestivas. A variedade que apresentou uma melhor qualidade nutricional foi o feijão vermelho (ISOP 00724), enquanto que o feijão Filipe (ISOP 00478) apresentou uma maior actividade inibitória da PPA (amilase do pâncreas suíno), contribuindo de igual forma como uma característica de qualidade deste feijão. A aplicação de técnicas de quimiometria na quantificação dos vários parâmetros de qualidade nutricional, através da técnica de NIRS, permitiu o desenvolvimento dos modelos PLS globais após a colecção dos valores de referência e obtenção dos respectivos espectros de cada ISOP em análise. A análise comparativa dos parâmetros nutricionais, recorrendo às técnicas analíticas convencionais por química molhada e de NIRS, permitiu relacionar os parâmetros cinzas e proteína bruta como os principais critérios nutricionais para distinção das variedades regionais quanto à sua qualidade, ao diferirem significativamente relativamente aos parâmetros restantes. A partir destas duas técnicas, conclui-se que a espectroscopia NIR associada a técnicas de análise multivariada consegue quantificar os parâmetros em estudo, permitindo distinguir amostras das variedades regionais, quanto às suas características nutricionais, exigindo uma preparação reduzida da amostra, com consequente custo de análise muito reduzido. Este trabalho representou o início de uma base de fenotipagem a partir de caracteres nutricionais, estabelecendo-se um perfil das variedades regionais de feijão e avaliação da importância dos caracteres na sua distinção e tipagem.

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According to the Forest Code of 1965, it is mandatory that every rural property destine part of its land to the establishment of Legal Reserves. When a diagnosis is made over all Brazil, the reality is quite different from what is demanded by law. Therefore, this work, as a general objective, proposes ways of establishing Legal Reserves based on the analysis of the environmental deterioration in a river basin. For this purpose, the environmental deterioration was detected based on three diagnoses: physical-conservational, socioeconomical, and environmental quality. In this way, from a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis, it was possible to identify the main aggressive factors in the studied river basin and to indicate the main vulnerabilities that the area is subjected. According to such diagnosis, some proposals for the establishment of Legal Reserves are discussed here based on scientific arguments aimed at the conservation of water resources, soil and biodiversity. It is hoped, that from this study, the environment receives a new tool for diagnosis, pollution control, recovery and conservation of natural resources.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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About 40% of the earth is occupied by tropical and subtropical forests, including 42% of dry forests, where there is Caatinga Bioma, contemplating tree forests and shrubs, with xerophytic characteristics. Study and conservations of Caatinga biologic diversity is one of the greatest challenges of Brazilian science because those are, proportionally, the less studied among natural areas, with most of the scientific effort centered in very few points around the main cities in the area and also because it is the less protected natural Brazilian area. The environmental degradation is constantly increasing and has its rhythm accelerated by the men appropriation to meet or not their own needs. Therefore, species conservation should be based in three principles: the use of natural resources by present generation, waste prevention and use of the natural resources to benefit the majority of the citizens. Among the strategies to species conservation, we can mention the ex situ conservation , in which the conservation of genetic resources may be realized outside of the natural environment in which the species occur, and in situ conservation , or, in other words, in the places where the species occur. In ex situ conservation, the germplasm collections are maintained in the field and/or in laboratories (conservation chambers), and this mainly conserves intraspecific diversity (genetic variance), the ex situ collections are continuously enriched by collection activities, introduction and germplasm interchange; the in situ conservation preserving ecosystems and habitats, maintaining and recovering native population of species of interest. So, the objective of this paper is the search for strategies to the conservation of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia B. (sabiá) using instruments of environmental perception and plant biotechnology, as mechanisms of in situ and ex situ conservation. To environmental perception, were realized open, semi-structured and qualitative interviews. The questions included socioeconomic data and knowledge of Sabiá specie. To plant biotechnology, Sabiá seed collection were realized in different location to formation of a germplasm bank. The specie micropropagation was made from nodal segment of plants from the matrizeiro. About the knowledge of rural populations and the use of Sabiá plant, some preferences occurred from speeches that the plant possesses a firm wood, not attacked by termites, legalized for exploration by the Brazilian environmental organ (IBAMA), and is a native specie. This research found the rural population has knowledge about Sabiá specie and the natural resources are exhausting. The proposal that the rural community brought was the donation of the Sabiá specie seeding initiating on the rain season, in which the seeding would be plated between the lots, in individual plantations. To the formation of a matrix bank, plant biothecnology brought answers favorable to Sabiá specie seeding, with the formation of multiple shoots

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This study evaluated using of Multicriteria Evaluation in a GIS, specifically by Weighted Linear Combination Method for generation of map of priority areas for forest restoration in the initial part of River Pardo Basin, SP, in order to water resources conservation. Aiming to define criteria and restrictions it was used Participatory Techniques, and the following factors had been selected: proximity of the hydrographic network, proximity of forest cover, slope and erodibility of soil. To calculate the weight to each factor it was used the decision-making process, known as Analytic Hierarchy Analysis, this method consists of a paired comparison of factors to determine the relative importance of each. According to Weighted Linear Combination, the very high priority areas have a more limited spatial distribution, with an apparent concentration around the water bodies, outlining a buffer to the river system. The proximity factor of the hydrographic network, and enables the connection forestry, contributed, along with the factor of proximity to forest cover, so there would be the definition of most of the areas with the highest priority in the basin, which concentrate the largest areas of forest and native riparian areas along the hydrographic.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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A conversão de floresta primária para outros usos alternativos do solo vem ocorrendo aceleradamente na região amazônica. Esse processo tem ocorrido em grande parte por conta do desenvolvimento da atividade pecuarista, agricultura em larga escala e de subsistência, exploração madeireira comercial e mineração. Nesse contexto, a fim de promover a conservação dos recursos naturais, o Governo brasileiro adotou o sistema de unidades de conservação, terras indígenas e quilombolas. Além disso, foram criados instrumentos como o Cadastro Ambiental Rural – CAR objetivando mapear e monitorar as propriedades rurais quanto ao atendimento do disposto no Código Florestal brasileiro, considerando principalmente as áreas com restrição legal ao uso do solo. Assim, esta pesquisa procurou avaliar a capacidade das áreas de reserva legal em garantir a conservação dos recursos naturais em propriedades rurais, utilizando-se para tanto dados do CAR e produtos temáticos de uso e cobertura da terra oriundos de projetos institucionais federais. Para isto, foram avaliadas duas bacias amazônicas, considerando os princípios de ecologia de paisagem e com o uso de métricas de paisagem. Os resultados apontam duas áreas com características diferenciadas, sendo uma de maior capacidade de conservação de recursos e outra mais fragmentada, sendo também observadas propriedades rurais de diferentes características e importâncias na conservação de recursos dentro de cada bacia estudada.

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One of the greatest challenges for the agricultural system is to establish agricultural production combined with the conservation of genetic resources, mainly aiming to protect the Permanent Preservation Areas. In this context, mulungu ( Erythrina velutina Willd), among other native species, has been suffering with anthropogenic pressures in various ecosystems, causing reductions in its genetic basis. This work aims to identify ecological and genetic population parameters as indicators of sustainability in two natural populations of mulungu, located in riparian forest, in the state of Sergipe, and to assess the tendency to their sustainability, aiming genetic conservation of the species. The matrix of Pressure-State-Impact/Effect-Response (PEI/ER) was used with the selection of 13 indicators, from the use of RAPDmolecular markers and biochemical (enzymes) markers in populations, in order to present them as relevant information to measure progress as for sustainability and conservation ofmulungu. The studied populations presented low tendency to sustainability, requiring strategies to change this status.

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The Pardo River Basin represents the situation of disorderly process of use and occupation of land, where forest fragmentation is one of the results. This study evaluated the use of Multicriteria Evaluation in a GIS, specifically through method Weighted Linear Combination, the generation of map of priority areas for forest restoration in the initial part of Rio Pardo Basin, SP, aiming the conservation of water resources. It can be concluded that, the Multicriteria Evaluation in a GIS is appropriate to the mapping of priority areas for forest restoration. The map of suitability for forest recovery may be useful in the environment planning, providing public and environmental agents making decision, based on a method that takes into account the landscape as a whole and the priority is the conservation of water resources.