962 resultados para ambiente escolar


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The research aims to propose a study of the central concepts of friendship among children of kindergarten and how such conceptions influence the interpersonal relationships within the school. We intend to observe the friendly relations between the kindergarten children, to examine how teachers of early childhood education business with the friendly relations between children and their conflicts and to propose alternatives to work with the theme friendship in the garden childhood, aiming at the socio-moral development of children. To do so, as the main theoretical basis the studies of Jean Piaget (1932/1994) on the development of moral reasoning in children. The methodology is based on Piaget's clinical method, which aims to understand how the subject thinks, analyze and resolve certain situations, presented as short stories. We hope that by doing so, we contribute to the debate on the educational work aimed at building the moral autonomy of the children, especially in kindergarten

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One of the interests of leisure is social and involves the festival. The holidays can be of different types and occur in different places, having lots of functions as the union of those involved, the development of creativity, fun and identification with the culture. The festivities are part of the play culture. The school, being an environment that deals directly and indirectly with the culture of organized behavior and appreciation of the discipline, often in second person through the formation of relationships, cultural transmission and access to the traditions of the groups around it. The entertainment component of culture in the school also finds himself sidelined in a society of work and a school that educates more to the labor market. The parties almost do not occur at school and when they happen, are given in order to make profits and sell consumer goods, apart from values that are intrinsic. In this study the objective was to deepen the study of parties, given that these are elements provides the establishment of the identity of a group of groups and of each individuals. When it comes to educating people, parties contributed to the emancipation of the human being which is cultural. Was developed a study in the field about the theme parties at the school, to understand whether and how it is being taught in schools, and what is its real importance for teachers and students, since we consider it fundamental to the development of culture and leisure culture of individuals. For this, we conducted a qualitative study based on a field research, using as a tool for collecting a semi-structured interviews with 52 students from 6th grade (7 years) from two schools at Ibitinga-SP, since one of them was a public school and the other a private school. Based on data collected from interviews and analysis, we found that the parties do not happen in schools, students do not learn what is leisure, and do not study or folklore festivals in physical...

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Pós-graduação em Docência para a Educação Básica - FC

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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

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A população e as comunidades escolares vêm pressionando e cobrando as autoridades dos Sistemas de Justiça e da Educação por uma intervenção coerente e efetiva na resolução de conflitos que se estabelecem no ambiente escolar, uma vez que o atual modelo de Justiça, o retributivo, não tem sanado a situação. A Justiça restaurativa surge então como uma nova maneira para enfrentar esse problema e uma de suas estratégias é o círculo restaurativo, caracterizado como um grupo para restauração das relações e dos conflitos. Esta pesquisa visa: descrever e analisar os elementos estruturais dos círculos restaurativos e os fenômenos do campo grupal em processos restaurativos realizados no ambiente escolar para intervir em situações de conflito. A amostra foi composta de cinco práticas restaurativas que envolveram pré-círculo, círculo e o pós-círculo mediados por um facilitador e dois co-facilitadores. O tratamento dos dados se deu a partir da análise dos elementos estruturais da justiça restaurativa (cerimônia de abertura e fechamento, bastão de fala, e processo decisório consensual), considerando tais elementos iguais ao setting de base psicanalítica, visto que neste caso especifico, tem como objetivo deixar claro aos participantes do grupo qual é a proposta de funcionamento do mesmo; e de uma análise de conteúdo organizada a partir de categorias pré-definidas, segundo conceitos psicanalíticos (resistência, acting/atuação e insight/elaboração). Os resultados mostraram que foram estabelecidos elementos estruturais (setting) favorável ao encontro dos participantes e que predominaram no campo aspectos positivos, o que resultou no bom reestabelecimento do convívio em todos os casos analisados. Os elementos estruturais estabelecidos para a realização do círculo restaurativo criaram um espaço seguro onde os participantes se ligaram de modo positivo, mesmo com a situação de conflito. Considera-se importante creditar a figura do facilitador (Psicólogo) parte da realização da resolução do conflito. Conclui-se que a função continente; o manejo e compreensão das resistências, actings e dos insights contribuíram para que o campo grupal configurasse em coesão ao invés da desintegração. Finalmente, cabe acrescentar que a experiência demonstrou que as crianças e adolescentes respondem muito bem quando são convidados a participar de um círculo restaurativo e ali aprendem a agir de acordo com os valores vivenciados como em um processo educativo.

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Studies have shown that a person's socioeconomic status (SES) and the environment in which they are inserted modulate their pro-sociality. While children studying in schools with a more affluent student body tend to be more generous, adults with high SES in both real and experimental situations tend to be more selfish, greedy and individualistic. Another factor that influences pro-sociality is monitoring. When we do something under the supervision of another person, we tend to be more generous and cooperative, compared to situations in which no one is watching, even if the "observer" is a drawing of eyes. This monitoring effect occurs in both adults and children. To date, no studies have investigated whether the SES and the environment influence the pro-sociality of the children. There have also been no studies on how the monitoring effect might be influenced by SES and the environment (in this case, whether the environment is a public or private school). Given this context, our main objective was to investigate whether the generosity and cooperation of monitored and unmonitored kids is modulated by these factors. To this end, we did eight matches of the public goods, under monitoring and control conditions, with 249 children from the ages of 7 to 10 years enrolled in public and private schools in Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil). The SES of each child's family was assessed according to the Economic Classification Criterion of Brazil (2013). Contrary to our predictions, SES, school environment and experimental conditions did not significantly influence cooperation and generosity behavior when analyzed separately. We discuss whether the influences of resource and experimental design adopted for the current study and the historical and economic conditions of Brazil might explain these observations. Interestingly, when SES and school environment were analyzed together, an effect of monitoring on generosity and cooperation was detected. More specifically, monitoring had the effect of decreasing generosity among children with greater SES in private schools; and increased cooperation among children with greater SES in public schools. These results suggest that there is an influence of monitoring on the pro-sociality of children in relation to their SES and acquaintanceship environments. We argue that these observations may be explained by different preoccupations with reputation, according to the environment in which a child is inserted.

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This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

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Dada a elevada prevalência de cárie em Portugal em idades jovens, a equipa de saúde escolar do concelho de Oliveira do Bairro (distrito de Aveiro), desenvolveu, durante o ano letivo 2012/13, um projeto de educação para a saúde, denominado Senhor Dente, dirigido a crianças em idade pré‐escolar (3‐6 anos) que consistiu na implementação da escovagem na escola. Com este estudo pretendeu‐se determinar o grau de redução da placa bacteriana nas crianças abrangidas pelo referido projeto, de forma a avaliar a sua efetividade na redução das cáries dentárias. Efetuou‐se um estudo quasi experimental, no qual foi avaliado o índice de placa bacteriana individual antes e após a implementação do projeto (ninicial = 256; nfinal = 190). Antes da intervenção, estimou‐se uma prevalência de cárie dentária de 32,8% (IC 95%: 27,0‐38,6). Após a implementação da escovagem dentária na escola, observou‐se uma redução do índice de placa bacteriana de 2,45 (IC 95%: 2,38‐2,51), havendo uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a variação no índice de placa bacteriana e o valor inicial do índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados por cárie e, também, com o intervalo de tempo decorrido entre os 2 momentos de avaliação. Os resultados demonstraram a efetividade dos programas de saúde escolar que promovam a escovagem dentária diária na escola e sugerem a necessidade de avaliar qual deve ser a duração destes projetos, como forma de otimizar os recursos necessários para o seu desenvolvimento.

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This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

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Contribuir a dar una visión más clara de la influencia que el ambiente puede tener en el rendimiento de los escolares. 58 padres de alumnas de sexto curso de Básica del colegio 'Madres Escolapias' de Mérida (Badajoz). Analiza las circunstancias que pueden empujar al fracaso escolar, dada la poca capacidad que presenta la escuela cuando los niños no están en situación perfecta. El trabajo consta de una parte teórica y una parte experimental. En la parte teórica trata el tema del fracaso escolar, las causas ambientales, familiares, escolares, provocadas por el profesor y provocadas por los niños, así como de la interacción familia-escuela y los efectos del fracaso escolar. La segunda parte del trabajo es un pequeño estudio experimental restringido del fracaso escolar. Para finalizar expone algunas conclusiones pedagógicas deducidas de ese breve estudio experimental. Cuestionario de 28 ítems. 1) Son múltiples las causas del fracaso; familiares, escolares, provocadas por el profesor; por lo cual los maestros y los padres tienen un papel esencial en el campo de la observación y de la comprensión de los niños inadaptados, y, como consecuencia, la mayor importancia de su reeducación. 2) La gran mayoría de los niños reacciona favorablemente con una actitud de ánimo y estímulo, o de ayuda. 3) Es importante que haya acuerdo entre los padres, ya que contribuye a crear el clima de seguridad y tranquilidad necesario para el trabajo intelectual. 4) Los niños sufren mucho interiormente, presentan inaceptación de sí mismo, sienten angustia y ansiedad, se sienten arrinconados en la escuela, la familia les exige lo que no pueden dar, son muy conscientes de sus dificultades escolares y sufren el compararse con los demás, son niños a los que nunca les han valorado un esfuerzo. 5) La situación no se arregla al pasar de curso. Esto solo consigue agravar la adaptación y aumentar los sentimientos de fracaso del niño, porque en el curso siguiente va a encontrar el mismo sistema, el mismo método y el mismo arrinconamiento, con la diferencia de que el nivel de conocimiento exigidos va a ser mayor. 6) Otras causas como los factores temperamentales, carácter, salud,.. pueden ser neutralizados por un buen apoyo ambiental, mediante una actitud inteligente..

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Estudiar las diferencias en el rendimiento escolar de los niños procedentes de ambientes familiares diversos. Hipótesis: los niños que proceden de familias que viven en condiciones que se pueden considerar de óptimas, reaccionan de modo positivo ante el ambiente escolar y como consecuencia su rendimiento es muy superior al de los que proceden de familias en cuyo seno carecen de estas condiciones. 440 alumnos de EGB, de los que la mitad poseen la calificación de notable-sobresaliente y la otra mitad de insuficiente-muy deficiente. El muestreo ha sido estimado, aunque dentro de las categorías la selección ha sido al azar. Variable dependiente: las calificaciones escolares que se dividen en dos categorías: brillantes y deficientes. Variables independientes: los datos familiares, en los que se estudian estos factores: relacional-emocional, económico, cultural. Variables intervinientes: número de hijos, origen de los padres. Expeiente de los alumnos registrados en cada colegio para recoger los datos escolares. Cuestionario ad hoc preparado para recoger los datos referentes al ambiente familiar. Frecuencias y porcentajes. Correlaciones simples entre cada uno de los indicadores de la variable independiente con las dos categorías de la dependiente. Medias. Prueba de Chi cuadrado para obtener el nivel de confianza con el que después se trabajará. Representaciones gráficas con el fin de lograr una mejor visualización de las variables correlacionadas. El 51 por ciento de los alumnos brillantes lo hace en condiciones óptimas, y de ellos el 73 por ciento estudia solo. Hay mayor preocupación de la familia por el ambiente escolar en los brillantes 84 por ciento que en los deficientes 64 por ciento. Cuando las notas son malas las actitudes se clasifican en: ánimo, preocupación, enfado, castigo, desinterés. Los niños brillantes depositan mayor confianza en sus progenitores lo cual conlleva a una compenetración familiar mayor. El 35 por ciento de los brillantes ven siempre la televisión, frente al 65 de los deficientes. Los factores económicos no expresan diferencias significativas. Hay una relación estrecha entre la profesión del padre y el éxito escolar del hijo. El factor relacional-emocional que existe en el seno familiar es el que más influye en el rendimiento escolar del niño. Es necesario encontrar la acción terapéutica capaz de eliminar la situación desagradable en la que viven muchos de los niños que asisten a los centros escolares.

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Esta innovación obtuvo una Mención Honorífica en la Convocatoria de Premios Nacionales a la innovación educativa 2003