Avaliação do aproveitamento da palha do milho (Zea mays L.) para bioenergia, nos sistemas de produção do Vale do Tejo

Dissertação de mestrado em Agricultura Sustentável, apresentada na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém.

Biopulping of Paddy Straw by Pleurotus eous

Biopulping being less energy intensive, inexpensive and causing lesser pollution, can be a viable alternative to chemical and mechanical pulping in paper and pulp industry. In view of shrinking forest reserves, agricultural residues are considered as an alternative raw material for making paper and board. By suitable treatment agriwaste can be converted into substrate for mushroom cultivation. Mushrooms of Pleurotus sp. can preferentially remove lignin from agriwaste with limited degradation to cellulose. The present study examines utilization of Pleurotus eous for biopulping of paddy straw by solid substrate fermentation. SMS, the mushroom growing medium that results from cultivation process, is a good source of fibre and can be pulped easily. Ligninases present in SMS were able to reduce lignin content to nearly half the initial amount by 21st day of cultivation. Highest cellulose content (% dry weight) was observed on 21st day, while cellulase production commenced from 28th day of cultivation. SEM images revealed that SMS fibres are still associated with non-cellulosic materials when compared to chemically (20% w/v NaOH) extracted fibres.

Optimization of fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus japonicus C03 with potential application in ruminant feed and their effects on tropical forages hydrolysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of stationary and bioreactor cultivation on Lentinula edodes (Berk) pegler lignocellulolitic activity

This work aimed to study the stationary and periodically mixed culture of L. edodes to the production of lignocellulolitic enzymes activity. LE 95/17, LE 96/22 and Leax strains were incubated in 25 g of eucalyptus sawdust substrate in Erlenmeyer flasks in stationary culture at 25 degrees C and in a bioreactor with four complete rotations daily at 25 degrees C and 3% CO2. The samples were collected at 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 days after the incubation. Oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes analyses were performed. Lignin peroxidase enzyme was not found in the lignolytic systernfor LE 95/17, LE 96/22 and Leax strains in the different incubation methods. The use of bioreactor could be a practicable system to induce the laccase activity for L22 and Leax and MnP activity for L17 and L22. The activity of the hydrolytic enzymes was higher in the stationary system in comparison to periodically mixed system in the bioreactor.

Evidence of thermostable amylolytic activity from Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis using wheat bran and corncob as alternative carbon source

Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis produced high levels of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase under solid state fermentation, with several agricultural residues, such as wheat bran, cassava flour, sugar cane bagasse, rice straw, corncob and crushed corncob as carbon sources. These materials were humidified with distilled water, tap water, or saline solutions-Segato Rizzatti (SR), Khanna or Vogel. The best substrate for amylase production was wheat bran with SR saline solution (1:2 v/v). Amylolytic activity was still improved (14.3%) with a mixture of wheat bran, corncob, starch and SR saline solution (1:1:0.3:4.6 w/w/w/v). The optimized culture conditions were initial pH 5, at 45 degrees C during 6 days and relative humidity around 76%. The crude extract exhibited temperature and pH optima around 65 degrees C and 4-5, respectively. Amylase activity was fully stable for 1 h at temperatures up to 75 degrees C, and at pH values between 2.5 and 7.5.

Production, characterization and properties of polysaccharide depolymerizing enzymes from a strain of Curvularia inaequalis

Xylanase, β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, endoglucanase and polygalacturonase production from Curvularia inaequalis was carried out by means of solid-state and submerged fermentation using different carbon sources. β-Glucosidase, β-xylosidase, polygalacturonase and xylanase produced by the microorganisms were characterized. β-Glucosidase presented optimum activity at pH 5.5 whereas xylanase, polygalacturonase and β-xylosidase activities were optimal at pH 5.0. Maximal activity of β-glucosidase was determined at 60°C, β-xylosidase at 70°C, and polygalacturonase and xylanase at 55°C. These enzymes were stable at acidic to neutral pH and at 40-45°C. The crude enzyme solution was studied for the hydrolysis of agricultural residues.

Produção de ligninases por basidiomicetos através de fermentação em estado sólido, caracterização e aplicação das enzimas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influência do substrato no cultivo e na composição química do cogumelo Pleurotus florida

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Isolamento de fungo produtor de enzimas xilanolíticas: produção e caracterização de xilanase

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Atividade de enzimas lignocelulolíticas no crescimento de Lentinula edodes em subprodutos energéticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de decisão sobre o aproveitamento do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar, posto na unidade industrial, para fins de cogeração

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Estudo da emissão e do controle dos gases e particulados provenientes da queima de biomassa

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis à base de zeína, caracterização das propriedades funcionais e estruturais e avaliação do uso como cobertura na conservação das características físico-químicas do queijo Minas padrão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Resíduos agrícolas e argila expandida no cultivo da orquídea Oncidium baueri Lindl.

For orchid cultivation in containers is essential to select the right substrate, since this will influence the quality of the final product, it serve as a support for the root system of the plants. This study aimed to evaluate different agricultural residues and expanded clay in Oncidium baueri Lindl. orchid cultivation. The plants were subjected to treatments: pinus husk + carbonized rice husk, pinus husk + coffee husk, pinus husk + fibered coconut, pecan nut husk, expanded clay, fibered coconut, coffee husk, carbonized rice husk, pinus husk. After eleven months of the experiment, the following variables were evaluated: plant height; largest pseudo-bulb diameter; number of buds; shoot fresh dry matter; the longest root length; number of roots; root fresh matter; root dry matter; and electric conductivity; pH and water retention capacity of the substrates. Except the expanded clay, the other substrates showed satisfactory results in one or more traits. Standing out among these substrates pinus husk + coffee husk and pine bark + fibered coconut, which favored the most vegetative and root characteristic of the orchid. The mixture of pinus husk + coffee husk and pinus husk + fibered coconut, provided the best results in vegetative and root growth of the orchid Oncidium baueri and the expanded clay did not show favorable results in the cultivation of this species.

Investigação dos métodos de separação, uso e aplicação da Lignina proveniente da biomassa lignocelulósica

This study investigated the main methods of separation of components of lignocellulosic biomass, with an emphasis on obtaining lignin and its application. The work was developed based on the concept of Biorefinery proposing full use of renewable raw materials and / or the use of lignocellulosic agricultural residues by biochemical or biotechnological conversion in obtaining high value added products with minimal environmental impact. From this premise, a literature review was performed in refereed journal articles and theses in order to gather enough material for critical analysis of usual and alternative methods in the literature. When researching methods that add value to lignin, it was found that with the technology found today, the cost required to have a degree of competitiveness is still too high, preventing much of the process. However, the isolated lignin can be used as raw material in the production of numerous types of biocomposites and polymers and other products such as phenols, benzene, dispersants, vanillin, emulsifying agents, antioxidants, pesticides, fertilizers, charcoal, concrete additives, among others. As an industrial production level is necessary, because the consumption of biomass will only grow over the years, it is necessary that new methods or technologies to be created in order to facilitate the extensive use of lignocellulosic biomass