Biofilm And Saliva Affect The Biomechanical Behavior Of Dental Implants.

Friction coefficient (FC) was quantified between titanium-titanium (Ti-Ti) and titanium-zirconia (Ti-Zr), materials commonly used as abutment and implants, in the presence of a multispecies biofilm (Bf) or salivary pellicle (Pel). Furthermore, FC was used as a parameter to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of a single implant-supported restoration. Interface between Ti-Ti and Ti-Zr without Pel or Bf was used as control (Ctrl). FC was recorded using tribometer and analyzed by two-way Anova and Tukey test (p<0.05). Data were transposed to a finite element model of a dental implant-supported restoration. Models were obtained varying abutment material (Ti and Zr) and FCs recorded (Bf, Pel, and Ctrl). Maximum and shear stress were calculated for bone and equivalent von Misses for prosthetic components. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (p<0.05) and percentage of contribution for each condition (material and FC) was calculated. FC significant differences were observed between Ti-Ti and Ti-Zr for Ctrl and Bf groups, with lower values for Ti-Zr (p<0.05). Within each material group, Ti-Ti differed between all treatments (p<0.05) and for Ti-Zr, only Pel showed higher values compared with Ctrl and Bf (p<0.05). FC contributed to 89.83% (p<0.05) of the stress in the screw, decreasing the stress when the FC was lower. FC resulted in an increase of 59.78% of maximum stress in cortical bone (p=0.05). It can be concluded that the shift of the FC due to the presence of Pel or Bf is able to jeopardize the biomechanical behavior of a single implant-supported restoration.

Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by hydrous zirconium oxide

A type of ZrO(2)center dot nH(2)O Was synthesized and its Cr(VI) removal potential was investigated in this study. The kinetic study, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, thermodynamic study and desorption were examined in batch experiments. The kinetic process was described by a pseudo-second-order rate model very well. The Cr(VI) adsorption tended to increase with a decrease of pH. The adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity increased from 61 to 66 mg g(-1) when the temperature was increased from 298 to 338 K. The positive values of both Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees suggest an endothermic reaction and increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption. Delta G degrees values obtained were negative indicating a spontaneous adsorption process. The effective desorption of Cr(VI) on ZrO(2)center dot nH(2)O could be achieved using distilled water at pH 12. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Artificial Pinning Center Studies in BI2212 Tapes and Bulks With Zirconium Oxide Inclusion

Zirconium oxide inclusion in Bi2212 superconducting tapes and bulks was studied as possible artificial pinning centers (APC). In order to analyze the zirconium oxide APC addition in Bi2212 samples, magnetization measurements were performed in bulks and transport properties measurements were performed on tapes. In magnetization measurements, the critical current densities are proportional to the width of the magnetization loop at each applied magnetic field. Addition of ZrO(2) in Bi2212 superconductors broadened the magnetization loop and enhanced the critical current densities at 4.2 K in bulks, as a clear indication that ZrO(2) addition improved the pinning and acted as APCs. In contrast, the transport critical current densities decreased in tapes.

Characteristic zirconium-rich coring structures in Mg-Zr alloys

The most characteristic feature of the microstructure of a magnesium alloy that contains more than a few tenths per cent soluble zirconium is the zirconium-rich cores that exist in most grains. The morphology, distribution and composition of cores observed in a Mg-0.56%Zr alloy and the small particles present in them were investigated. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

PRODUÇÃO PESQUEIRA EM PORTO VELHO, RONDÔNIA (1984-89) - ALGUNS ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS DAS ESPÉCIES COMERCIALMENTE RELEVANTES.

Foi realizado o levantamento do pescado comercializado em Porto Velho no período 1984-89, capturado na área de influência doe garimpos de ouro no rio Madeira, entre Guajará-Mirim (Rondônia) e Humaitá (Amazonas). A produção pesqueira é discutida de acordo com os hábitos alimentares e migratórios das espécies comercialmente relevantes. Constatou-se que do total capturado para pesca comercial, entre 39.3% (em 84) e 49.5% (em 89) são frutívoras, sendo que o Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) apresenta o maior volume de captura; entre 22.9% (em 09) e 32.5% (em 86) são detritívoras, sendo o Curimatá (Prochilodus nigricans) a mais significativa. Apenas entre 10.7% (em 85) e 15.1% (em 84) são espécies carnívoras (Tucunaré - Cichia sp e Dourada - Brachyplatystoma flavicans). São feitos alguns comentários sobre os fatores ecológicos que possivelmente interferem na acumulação do mercúrio nas cadeias alimentares.

Optical properties of zirconium oxynitride films: the effect of composition, electronic and crystalline structures

tThis work is devoted to the investigation of zirconium oxynitride (ZrOxNy) films with varied opticalresponses prompted by the variations in their compositional and structural properties. The films wereprepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering of Zr, using Ar and a reactive gas mixture of N2+ O2(17:3).The colour of the films changed from metallic-like, very bright yellow-pale and golden yellow, for low gasflows to red-brownish for intermediate gas flows. Associated to this colour change there was a significantdecrease of brightness. With further increase of the reactive gas flow, the colour of the samples changedfrom red-brownish to dark blue or even to interference colourations. The variations in composition dis-closed the existence of four different zones, which were found to be closely related with the variationsin the crystalline structure. XRD analysis revealed the change from a B1 NaCl face-centred cubic zirco-nium nitride-type phase for films prepared with low reactive gas flows, towards a poorly crystallizedover-stoichiometric nitride phase, which may be similar to that of Zr3N4with some probable oxygeninclusions within nitrogen positions, for films prepared with intermediate reactive gas flows. For highreactive gas flows, the films developed an oxynitride-type phase, similar to that of -Zr2ON2with someoxygen atoms occupying some of the nitrogen positions, evolving to a ZrO2monoclinic type structurewithin the zone where films were prepared with relatively high reactive gas flows. The analysis carriedout by reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) revealed a continuous depopulation of thed-band and an opening of an energy gap between the valence band (2p) and the Fermi level close to 5 eV.The ZrN-based coatings (zone I and II) presented intrinsic colourations, with a decrease in brightness anda colour change from bright yellow to golden yellow, red brownish and dark blue. Associated to thesechanges, there was also a shift of the reflectivity minimum to lower energies, with the increase of thenon-metallic content. The samples lying in the two last zones (zone III, oxynitride and zone IV, oxide films)revealed a typical semi-transparent-optical behaviour showing interference-like colourations only dueto the complete depopulation of the d band at the Fermi level. The samples lying in these zones presentedalso an increase of the optical bandgap from 2 to 3.6 eV.

A separação do Cálcio de Estroncio mediante o emprego de Resina Trocadora de Íons e de Estroncio Radioativo Sr-89

O presente trabalho relata os dados obtidos na separação do estrôncio do cálcio, pelo uso de uma solução de NH4- EDTA, com pH entre os valores 4,8 e 5,3, passando através de uma coluna de resina trocadora de cátions. Assim, 200 ml de uma solução a 2,5% de NH4- EDTA com pH = 4,8 e contendo 0,36 mg de estrôncio e 199,2 mg de cálcio (o que dá uma relação de 1 de Sr para 553 de Ca) foram passados através de uma coluna de 25 a 28 ml de resina trocadora de cátions Amberlite IR - 120 (H+) prèviamente preparada. O estrôncio ficou retido na coluna e o cálcio continuou na solução que passou. Depois de passar solução de NH4- EDTA com pH 5,3 e solução de HCl de 0,25 a 0,75 N, o estrôncio foi eluido com solução 3N de HCl. Como empregou-se estrôncio radioativo Sr-89, esse ion foi determinado por radiometria, para se conhecer a eficiência da separação. O cálcio foi determinado pelo método permanganométrico em solução de NH4- EDTA após a eliminação do agente quelante. Os dados obtidos mostraram que houve uma separação muito eficiente, indicada pela porcentagem de recuperação do estrôncio qu efoi de 97,7, 97,0 e 98,6% ao passo que a recuperação do cálcio foi de 100,0, 99,9 e 99,7%.

First examples of aliphatic zirconium MOFs and their influence of inorganic anions on their crystal structures

Aus: CrystEngComm, Vol. 17.2015, H. 2, S. 331-337

Podoconiosis in the Ethiopian Rift Valley - Role of beryllium and zirconium

A geogenic origin has been proposed in the aetiology of non-filarial elephantiasis of the feet and legs, recently renamed podoconiosis. Soil collected in an area of the Ethiopian Rift Valley, the borough of Ocholo, known for its high prevalence of podoconiosis (5.06%), has been submitted to mineral analysis. High values of sulphur (S), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La) and neodymium (Nd), typical for basaltic bedrocks, were found. Of special interest were the values for zirconium (Zr) and beryllium (Be), 618 +/- 87 ppm and 4.6 +/- 0.5 ppm respectively, twice as high as those recorded for soils sampled in neighbouring areas where the prevalence of podoconiosis is low. To be noted also, a high content in vanadium, above 250 ppm, in half of the soil samples collected in this region. Year-long exposure of unprotected feet to Zr and Be, known for their ability to induce granuloma formation in the lymphoid tissue of man, and present in a clay rich in colloidal silica particle, highly abrasive to skin, is doubtlessly a factor involved in the development of lymph node sclerosis leading to elephantiasis.

La mesura substitutiva de la pena de presó prevista a l’Art 89 Codi penal: aplicació judicial i pràctica penitenciària a Catalunya en el cas de dones penades

L’objecte de la recerca és analitzar l’aplicació a Catalunya de la mesura d’expulsió prevista a l’article 89 del Codi penal en el cas de les dones penades, fer-ne la valoració corresponent i, si s’escau, plantejar alternatives d’actuació. La recerca constata les dificultats d’aplicació del principi constitucional de reinserció i d’altres de previstos a la legislació penitenciària en relació amb el col•lectiu de penats estrangers en situació irregular. La pràctica penitenciària observada a Catalunya en els darrers anys ha fet una aposta clara per l’acolliment dels penats estrangers en el territori, en general, amb independència de la seva situació administrativa. Aquesta pràctica ha generat una important expectativa de romandre en el territori per part de bona part d’aquests penats. Per la seva banda, els jutges i tribunals han obviat en general i sota diversos arguments i fonaments el mandat del legislador en les diverses ocasions en què aquest ha fet l’aposta per l’expulsió dels penats estrangers en situació irregular. Aquesta posició oficial majoritària contrària a l’expulsió ha coincidit plenament amb el desig de la majoria de la població reclusa estrangera clarament contrària a la seva expulsió. Les diverses opcions legals que poden implicar el retorn del penat al seu país de residència resulten estranyament aplicades per part dels tribunals i en menor mesura per la mateixa Administració penitenciària. Aquesta no-actuació i la manca d’alternatives legals provoquen situacions divergents de caràcter negatiu que atempten clarament contra el principi d’igualtat, contra la finalitat reinsertadora de les penes i poden resultar generadores d’inseguretat pública. Conscients i coneixedors de les dificultats actuals, els autors estableixen diverses vies d’actuació en la línia de superar aquesta situació. Es proposa una reforma en profunditat de l’art. 89 del Codi penal i s’obre la via favorable a l’establiment d’una nova llibertat condicional per a penats estrangers en situació irregular i que han assolit el compliment de la meitat de la pena privativa imposada.

La medida sustitutiva de la pena de prisión prevista en el artículo 89 del Código penal: aplicación judicial y práctica penitenciaria en Cataluña en el caso de mujeres penadas

En los últimos años se constata el difícil ensamblaje del colectivo de penados extranjeros en situación irregular dentro del actual marco penal-penitenciario. El instrumento consistente en sustituir en estos casos la pena por la expulsión ha resultado un fracaso. Resulta necesario buscar alternativas.

Biocompatibility of an x-shaped zirconium implant in deep sclerectomy in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term biocompatibility of a new x-shaped implant made of zirconium in an animal model of glaucoma surgery. METHODS: Preoperatively, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), intraocular pressure (IOP) and outflow facility (OF) data were acquired. Upon surgery, one eye was chosen randomly to receive an implant, while the other received none. Ten rabbits went through a 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-month follow-up. IOP was measured regularly, UBM performed at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. At the end of the follow-up, OF was again measured. Histology sections were analyzed. RESULTS: For both groups IOP control was satisfactory, while OF initially increased at month 1 to resume preoperative values thereafter. Eyes with implants had larger filtration blebs which decreased faster than in eyes without the implant. Drainage vessel density, inflammatory cell number and fibrosis were higher in tissues near the implant. CONCLUSIONS: The zirconium implant initially promoted the positive effects of the surgery (IOP control, OF increase). Nevertheless, after several months, foreign body reactions and fibrosis had occurred on some implants that restrained the early benefit of such a procedure. Modifications of the zirconium implant geometry could enhance the overall success rate.