α1 and α2 Integrins Mediate Invasive Activity of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Cells through Regulation of Stromelysin-1 Expression

Tumor cell invasion relies on cell migration and extracellular matrix proteolysis. We investigated the contribution of different integrins to the invasive activity of mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Antibodies against integrin subunits α6 and β1, but not against α1 and α2, inhibited cell locomotion on a reconstituted basement membrane in two-dimensional cell migration assays, whereas antibodies against β1, but not against α6 or α2, interfered with cell adhesion to basement membrane constituents. Blocking antibodies against α1 integrins impaired only cell adhesion to type IV collagen. Antibodies against α1, α2, α6, and β1, but not α5, integrin subunits reduced invasion of a reconstituted basement membrane. Integrins α1 and α2, which contributed only marginally to motility and adhesion, regulated proteinase production. Antibodies against α1 and α2, but not α6 and β1, integrin subunits inhibited both transcription and protein expression of the matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1. Inhibition of tumor cell invasion by antibodies against α1 and α2 was reversed by addition of recombinant stromelysin-1. In contrast, stromelysin-1 could not rescue invasion inhibited by anti-α6 antibodies. Our data indicate that α1 and α2 integrins confer invasive behavior by regulating stromelysin-1 expression, whereas α6 integrins regulate cell motility. These results provide new insights into the specific functions of integrins during tumor cell invasion.

Reprogramming the Cell Cycle for Endoreduplication in Rodent Trophoblast Cells

Differentiation of trophoblast giant cells in the rodent placenta is accompanied by exit from the mitotic cell cycle and onset of endoreduplication. Commitment to giant cell differentiation is under developmental control, involving down-regulation of Id1 and Id2, concomitant with up-regulation of the basic helix-loop-helix factor Hxt and acquisition of increased adhesiveness. Endoreduplication disrupts the alternation of DNA synthesis and mitosis that maintains euploid DNA content during proliferation. To determine how the mammalian endocycle is regulated, we examined the expression of the cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases during the transition from replication to endoreduplication in the Rcho-1 rat choriocarcinoma cell line. We cultured these cells under conditions that gave relatively synchronous endoreduplication. This allowed us to study the events that occur during the transition from the mitotic cycle to the first endocycle. With giant cell differentiation, the cells switched cyclin D isoform expression from D3 to D1 and altered several checkpoint functions, acquiring a relative insensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and a coincident serum independence. The initiation of S phase during endocycles appeared to involve cycles of synthesis of cyclins E and A, and termination of S was associated with abrupt loss of cyclin A and E. Both cyclins were absent from gap phase cells, suggesting that their degradation may be necessary to allow reinitiation of the endocycle. The arrest of the mitotic cycle at the onset of endoreduplication was associated with a failure to assemble cyclin B/p34cdk1 complexes during the first endocycle. In subsequent endocycles, cyclin B expression was suppressed. Together these data suggest several points at which cell cycle regulation could be targeted to shift cells from a mitotic to an endoreduplicative cycle.

Commedie trasportæ da ro françeise in lengua zeneize.

Mode of access: Internet.

Out where the West begins, being the early and romantic history of North Dakota,

Mode of access: Internet.

North Dakota of today,

Mode of access: Internet.

Living with Uncertainty: Acting in the Best Interests of Women

A recent multi-country study on hormonal contraceptives (HC) and HIV acquisition and transmission among African HIV-serodiscordant couples reported a statistically significant doubling of risk for HIV acquisition among women as well as transmission from women to men for injectable contraceptives. Together with a prior cohort study on African women seeking health services, these data are the strongest yet to appear on the HC-HIV risk. This paper will briefly review the Heffron study strengths and relevant biological and epidemiologic evidence; address the futility of further trials; and propose instead an alternative framework for next steps. The weight of the evidence calls for a discontinuation of progestin-dominant methods. We propose here five types of productive activities: (1) scaling injectable hormones down and out of the contraceptive mix; (2) strengthening and introducing public health strategies with proven potential to reduce HIV spread; (3) providing maximal choice to reduce unplanned pregnancy, starting with quality sexuality education through to safe abortion access; (4) expanding provider training, end-user counseling and access to male and female barriers, with a special renewed focus on female condom; (5) initiating a serious research agenda to determine anti-STI/HIV potential of the contraceptive cervical cap. Trusting women to make informed choices is critical to achieve real progress in dual protection.

Materiais bionanocompósitos a base de argilominerais e hidróxidos duplos lamelares como sistemas de liberação de fármacos

Bionanocomposites systems clay base (montmorillonite and sepiolite), layered double hidroxides and biopolymers (carboxymethylcellulose and zein) were evaluated as topical delivery systems with antibacterial activity and as oral delivery systems. For this study, neomycin, a topical antibiotic, indicated mainly for open wound infections. The drug amoxicillin, an antibiotic indicated mainly for throat infections, were also used in this study. Both antibiotics were used as model drugs. Initially, drugs were incorporated directly into the biopolymer matrix, comprising the combination of carboxymethylcellulos and zein, being conformed as movies and balls and evaluated for their antibacterial activity and controlled release simulating gastrointestinal fluids. Moreover, hybrids materials have been prepared where the neomycin drug was incorporated into the lamellar inorganic solids, such as montmorillonite by ion exchange reaction, and the fibrous type, such as sepiolite by adsorption in aqueous solution. But the drug amoxicillin was incorporated into layered double hydroxides by anion exchange and montmorillonite by cation exchange. The resulting hybrids were in turn combined with the biopolymer matrix yielding bionanocomposites shaped materials such as films were tested for their antibacterial activity, and the shaped materials beads were tested for their release in the gastrointestinal fluids. Through the analysis of various physico-chemical techniques, we observed the interactions between the studied materials, the formation of hybrids materials, obtaining the bionanocomposites materials and material efficiency when applied in controlled release of drugs both topical and use oral mainly influenced by the presence of zein, are promising as topical delivery systems and oral drugs.

Idrogeologia e geomorfologia dell'area carsica Buca di Ronzana, Dolina dell'Inferno e Farneto

Il ritrovamento, all'interno del Complesso Partigiano-Modenesi, di un grosso collettore attivo ha aggiunto un nuovo interrogativo nella già complessa situazione idrogeologica dell'area carsica Farneto, Buca di Ronzana, Dolina dell'Inferno. Si è quindi fatto ricorso ad un'attenta ricerca bibliografica riguardo alle colorazioni precedenti e ad un'accurata ricerca sul campo, in cui sono state descritte ed analizzate tutte le grotte, inghiottitoi e risorgenti attive della zona. In seguito è stata eseguita una nuova colorazione, immettendo 200 g di fluoresceina nella Valle Cieca di Ronzana il 16/5/2016, con fluocaptori posizionati in tre punti all'interno del Complesso Partigiano-Modenesi, nelle due risorgenti accessibili (Grotta Nuova e Ca' Masetti) e nella Grotta del Farneto. Il 22/5/2016 è stato osservato il torrente attivo principale della Grotta dei Modenesi di colore verde fluorescente, mentre nessuna traccia di colore è stata vista nelle altre cavità e nelle risorgenti. A fronte dei lavori svolti e dei risultati ottenuti con la collaborazione del GSB – USB, si può dunque affermare che: a) il torrente attivo scoperto a dicembre 2015 nel Complesso Grotta del Partigiano – Grotta dei Modenesi riceve l'acqua dalla Valle Cieca di Ronzana e, secondo le colorazioni di L. Fantini del 1959 e R. Casali nel 1972, recapita alla ex-risorgente del Fontanaccio, infine sfocia nel torrente Zena, dopo aver percorso un livello basso della Grotta del Farneto, inaccessibile all'uomo; b) il Sistema Ronzana-Modenesi-Farneto risulta completamente separato dall'adiacente sistema parallelo Coralupi-Nuova e dalla Risorgente di Ca' Masetti; c) le ricerche, le descrizioni e i risultati ottenuti con questa tesi possono essere utilizzati come base per effettuare nuove ricerche negli altri sistemi idrologici dell'area, in modo da chiarirne ulteriormente la circolazione idrica ipogea.

Atenção à Saúde da Criança: aspectos básicos

Este material contempla a disciplina optativa "Atenção à saúde da criança: aspectos básicos" do Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família (2014). Esta disciplina pretende motivar a refletir e a preparar para abordar temas importantes para a promoção da saúde da criança . É composta de quatro seções: Seção 1 - Organização da atenção básica à criança; Seção 2 - Acompanhamento do crescimento da criança; Seção 3 - Acompanhamento do desenvolvimento da criança; Seção 4 - Aleitamento materno e orientação alimentar para crianças

Atenção à Saúde da Criança: aspectos básicos

Este material contempla a disciplina optativa " Atenção à Saúde da Criança: aspectos básicos " do Curso de Especialização Estratégia Saúde da Família (2014). Esta disciplina pretende motivá-lo a refletir e a preparar-se para abordar temas importantes para a promoção da saúde da criança. O conteúdo está distribuído em seções: Seção 1 - Organização da atenção à saúde da criança - Seção 2 - Acompanhamento do crescimento da criança - Seção 3 - Acompanhamento do desenvolvimento da criança - Seção 4 - Aleitamento materno e orientação alimentar para crianças