Legal privilege for in-house lawyers in the light of AKZO: a matter of law or policy? Research Papers in Law, 05/2011

From introduction. This paper discusses the arguments in favour of extending legal privilege to in-house lawyers in the light of the CJEU‟s judgement in AKZO. The previous jurisprudence is unambiguous, as the Court clearly stated in AM & S that the confidentiality of written communications between an undertaking and its lawyer is protected under Union law only when two cumulative conditions are fulfilled: they must be connected to the exercise of the client‟s rights of defence and the lawyer must be independent, that is, “not bound to the client by a relationship of employment”.1 This protection also applies to internal notes confined to reporting the content of communications with independent lawyers containing legal advice.2

Bilingual/bicultural education : a privilege or a right? = Educacion bilingue/bicultural : un privilegio o un derecho? : A report of the Illinois State Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights.

Cover title.

A letter to Lord Langdale on the recent proceedings in the House of commons on the subject of privilege.

Mode of access: Internet.

Le privilege pour les dixmes novalles : concedé, maintenu et conservé: Où, premierement, seront rapportées plusieurs Bulles de nos SS.PP. les Papes, pour en saire voir la Concession, et en suite ... auec vn Appendix contenant diverses Fondations, Donations, Traittez & autres Titres, qui ont seruy de sondement aux deux Parties de ce Recueil.

Contiene además, con pag. y sign. propias: "Arrest au profit des Religieux Chartreux de N.D. du Parq aou Diocese du Mans 1569 17 Decembre" (7 p., [1] en bl.; []4) y "Decission authentique faite en la Rotte de la Cour de Rome, pour monstrer que les Curez Primitifs qui ont priuileges, peuuent prendre [et] perceuoir dans leurs Paroisses toutes les Oblations [et] dixmes des terres Nouales, à l'exclusion de leurs Vicaires perpetuels" ([12] p.; A6)

A letter to the right honorable the speaker of the House of Commons; containing a narrative of the circumstances connected with the proceedings of that house against Christopher Bolton and four others for a breach of privilege,etc.

Mode of access: Internet.

Is American citizenship a privilege or a gift? : are we in danger of becoming "A nation of which the legislators vote as they are bid..." /

Cover title.

The menace of privilege; a study of the dangers to the republic from the existence of a favored class, by Henry George, jr.

Mode of access: Internet.

Power, privilege and HIV prevalence: examination of sexual HIV-risk factors in MSM and transgender women who engage in transactional sex

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Human amniotic epithelial cells induce localized cell-mediated immune privilege in vitro:implications for pancreatic islet transplantation

Chronic systemic immunosuppression in cell replacement therapy restricts its clinical application. This study sought to explore the potential of cell-based immune modulation as an alternative to immunosuppressive drug therapy in the context of pancreatic islet transplantation. Human amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) possess innate anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that were utilized to create localized immune privilege in an in vitro islet cell culture system. Cellular constructs composed of human islets and AEC (islet/AEC) were bioengineered under defined rotational cell culture conditions. Insulin secretory capacity was validated by glucose challenge and immunomodulatory potential characterized using a peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation assay. Results were compared to control constructs composed of islets or AEC cultured alone. Studies employing AEC-conditioned medium examined the role of soluble factors, and fluorescence immunocytochemistry was used to identify putative mediators of the immunosuppressive response in isolated AEC monocultures. Sustained, physiologically appropriate insulin secretion was observed in both islets and islet/AEC constructs. Activation of resting PBL proliferation occurred on exposure to human islets alone but this response was significantly (p <0.05) attenuated by the presence of AEC and AEC-conditioned medium. Mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin, 5 µg/ml)-induced PBL proliferation was sustained on contact with isolated islets but abrogated by AEC, conditioned medium, and the islet/AEC constructs. Immunocytochemical analysis of AEC monocultures identified a subpopulation of cells that expressed the proapoptosis protein Fas ligand. This study demonstrates that human islet/AEC constructs exhibit localized immunosuppressive properties with no impairment of ß-cell function. The data suggest that transplanted islets may benefit from the immune privilege status conferred on them as a consequence of their close proximity to human AEC. Such an approach may reduce the need for chronic systemic immunosuppression, thus making islet transplantation a more attractive treatment option for the management of insulin-dependent diabetes.

Business privilege and the strategic planning agenda of the Greater London Authority

The establishment of the Greater London Authority (GLA) in 2000 brought a new form of politics to London and new powers to formulate strategic policy. Through an investigation of the access of business interests in the formulation of London's strategic agenda, this article illuminates one aspect of the pressures on city government. It uses the urban regime approach as a framework for analysing the co-operation between the Mayor and business interests in shaping strategic priorities. Although there was a surrounding rhetoric that pointed towards a greater consensus-seeking approach, the business sector was very active in maintaining its privileged access. Strategic priorities were established in the GLA's first year and were then subsequently embodied in the London Plan. Our analysis is based on a detailed examination of this agenda-setting period using material from meetings, written reports and interviews with key actors. © 2005 The Editors of Urban Studies.

Perceptions and Preferences of Commercial Fishers for Dedicated Access Privilege Framework in a Multispecies Fishery

The decline of the world's fisheries and the inability of traditional management frameworks to maintain them, has led managers to adopt alternative management frameworks. The use of dedicated access privileges have often been shown to have varying popularity among factions within the commercial fishing industry and managers. Here, we examine commercial fishers' preference for alternative management frameworks in the context of a unique multispecies fisheries of the Florida Keys. By surveying commercial fishers, we find that that the size of operation plays no role in affecting fisher perception regarding dedicated access privileges. Furthermore, fishers who are organized are less likely to support dedicated access privilege frameworks. Overall, we do not find enough support in the fishing industry for the implementation of dedicated access privileges in the Florida Keys. These findings can provide inputs in developing effective management plans in the region.

Engagement as Privilege: Deconstructing the Power and Privilege of Employee Engagement

This deconstruction of employee engagement, power, and privilege was focused toward exploring four principal questions: (a) who controls the context of work, (b) who determines the experience of engagement, (c) who defines the value of engagement, and (d) who benefits from high levels of engagement? Because of the potential for privilege to influence the experience of engagement, the purpose of our work was to critically examine the construct of employee engagement as a privileged state