CARTEIRAS DE INVESTIMENTOS UMA APLICAÇÃO A PARTIR DO MODELO ELTON-GRUBER

Atualmente, nota-se uma intensa movimentação de capitais financeiros, seja por conta de fusões e incorporações de empresas, seja pela expansão natural do próprio capitalismo, levando então as organizações a buscarem alternativas de financiamento com menores custos, isso quando consideradas as taxas de juros praticadas por instituições financeiras. Concomitantemente a isso, autoridades monetárias, circunstancialmente buscam a redução das taxas de juros que norteiam a economia, no intuito de se atrair novos investimentos produtivos e ainda preservar aqueles existentes. De maneira até paradoxal, a redução das taxas de juros promulgada por autoridades, não exibe a mesma proporção de redução daquelas praticadas pelo mercado. Este aspecto leva os indivíduos, sejam eles gestores de investimentos ou não, a buscarem alternativas de investimentos que proporcionem ganhos monetários superiores àqueles que são fundamentados nas taxas estabelecidas pelas autoridades monetárias. Conciliando a busca de recursos por organizações e a busca por maiores ganhos monetários por parte dos investidores, o mercado de capitais se torna uma alternativa relevante. De modo a conseguir os melhores resultados nesse ambiente, há necessidade de se utilizar modelos e outros instrumentos que propiciem a melhor relação entre risco e retorno, haja vista que todo investidor emite ao menos alguma aversão ao risco. Vários são os instrumentos disponíveis para realizar essas relações, entretanto, muitos deles não acessíveis ao investidor na condição de pessoa física. E mediante esse aspecto, o modelo desenvolvido por Edwin Elton e Martin Gruber surge como alternativa a qualquer investidor, seja por suas características construtivas, seja por sua operacionalidade.

Supporting the development of inclusive products : the effects of everyday ambient illumination levels and contrast on older adults' near visual acuity

Current older adult capability data-sets fail to account for the effects of everyday environmental conditions on capability. This article details a study that investigates the effects of everyday ambient illumination conditions (overcast, 6000 lx; in-house lighting, 150 lx and street lighting, 7.5 lx) and contrast (90%, 70%, 50% and 30%) on the near visual acuity (VA) of older adults (n= 38, 65-87 years). VA was measured at a 1-m viewing distance using logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) acuity charts. Results from the study showed that for all contrast levels tested, VA decreased by 0.2 log units between the overcast and street lighting conditions. On average, in overcast conditions, participants could detect detail around 1.6 times smaller on the LogMAR charts compared with street lighting. VA also significantly decreased when contrast was reduced from 70% to 50%, and from 50% to 30% in each of the ambient illumination conditions. Practitioner summary: This article presents an experimental study that investigates the impact of everyday ambient illumination levels and contrast on older adults' VA. Results show that both factors have a significant effect on their VA. Findings suggest that environmental conditions need to be accounted for in older adult capability data-sets/designs.

Probing second harmonic components of pH-sensitive Redox processes in a mesoporous TiO2-Nafion film electrode with Fourier-transformed large-amplitude sinusoidally modulated voltammetry

Electrochemical processes in mesoporous TiO2-Nafion thin films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes are inherently complex and affected by capacitance, Ohmic iR-drop, RC-time constant phenomena, and by potential and pH-dependent conductivity. In this study, large-amplitude sinusoidally modulated voltammetry (LASMV) is employed to provide access to almost purely Faradaic-based current data from second harmonic components, as well as capacitance and potential domain information from the fundamental harmonic for mesoporous TiO2-Nafion film electrodes. The LASMV response has been investigated with and without an immobilized one-electron redox system, ferrocenylmethyltrimethylammonium+. Results clearly demonstrate that the electron transfer associated with the immobilized ferrocene derivative follows two independent pathways i) electron hopping within the Nafion network and ii) conduction through the TiO2 backbone. The pH effect on the voltammetric response for the TiO2 reduction pathway (ii) can be clearly identified in the 2nd harmonic LASMV response with the diffusion controlled ferrocene response (i) acting as a pH independent reference. Application of second harmonic data derived from LASMV measurement, because of the minimal contribution from capacitance currents, may lead to reference-free pH sensing with systems like that found for ferrocene derivatives.

Tumour islet Foxp3+ T-cell infiltration predicts poor outcome in nonsmall cell lung cancer

The impact of host immunity on outcome in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial. We examined the relationship between lymphoid infiltration patterns in NSCLC and prognosis. Tumour- and stroma-infiltrating CD3+, CD8+ and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ T-lymphocytes were identified using immunohistochemistry and a novel image analysis algorithm to assess total, cytotoxic and regulatory T-lymphocyte counts, respectively, in 196 NSCLC cases. The median cell count was selected as a cut-point to define patient subgroups and the ratio of the corresponding tumour islet:stroma (TI/S) counts was determined. There was a positive association between overall survival and increased CD8+ TI/S ratio (hazard ratio (HR) for death 0.44, p<0.001) but an inverse relationship between Foxp3+ TI/S ratio and overall survival (HR 4.86, p<0.001). Patients with high CD8+ islet (HR 0.48, p<0.001) and Foxp3+ stromal (HR 0.23, p<0.001) counts had better survival, whereas high CD3+ and CD8+ stromal counts and high Foxp3+ islet infiltration conferred a worse survival (HR 1.55, 2.19 and 3.14, respectively). By multivariate analysis, a high CD8+ TI/S ratio conferred an improved survival (HR 0.48, p=0.002) but a high Foxp3+ TI/S ratio was associated with worse survival (HR 3.91, p<0.001). Microlocalisation of infiltrating T-lymphocytes is a powerful predictor of outcome in resected NSCLC.

Examining the effects of species richness on community stability: an assembly model approach

We build dynamic models of community assembly by starting with one species in our model ecosystem and adding colonists. We find that the number of species present first increases, then fluctuates about some level. We ask: how large are these fluctuations and how can we characterize them statistically? As in Robert May's work, communities with weaker interspecific interactions permit a greater number of species to coexist on average. We find that as this average increases, however, the relative variation in the number of species and return times to mean community levels decreases. In addition, the relative frequency of large extinction events to small extinction events decreases as mean community size increases. While the model reproduces several of May's results, it also provides theoretical support for Charles Elton's idea that diverse communities such as those found in the tropics should be less variable than depauperate communities such as those found in arctic or agricultural settings.

First-principles study of the electronic and magnetic properties of defective carbon nanostructures

149 p.: graf.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 247] 

Na Comissão de Sistematização da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) recomeça a votação dos direitos individuais e coletivos, que fazem parte do primeiro capítulo do Título II do substitutivo. Hoje a votação começou pelo §6º que garante a liberdade de culto e a liberdade de consciência e de crença. O parágrafo foi aprovado com a inclusão da emenda do Deputado Artur da Távola (PMDB-RJ) que pediu a retirada da expressão “que não contrariem a ordem pública e os bons costumes”. Aprovado sem nenhuma alteração o § 7º que trata da liberdade de locomoção no território brasileiro em tempo de paz. A seguir foi votado o §8º, no qual se afirma que a tortura e tráfico ilícito de drogas são considerados crimes inafiançáveis, imprescritíveis e insuscetíveis de concessão de anistia. O Deputado José Tavares (PMDB-PR) não concorda com o texto aprovado, que não torna crime inafiançável o tráfico de drogas. Votado também o § 9º, que trata do livre exercício de qualquer trabalho, observadas as qualificações profissionais que a lei exigir. Estudantes de comunicação se manifestaram no Congresso pela obrigatoriedade do diploma para o exercício da profissão de jornalista. O estudante de comunicação Elton Antunes informa que a luta pelo diploma faz parte de uma luta mais ampla, que é a democratização dos meios de comunicação. O Deputado Antônio Brito (PMDB-RS) é favorável à exigência de diploma para o profissional de comunicação, esclarecendo que não se trata de defender apenas o interesse do jornalista, mas de toda a sociedade. A Deputada Beth Azize (PSB-AM) informa que cada um tem que estar perfeitamente habilitado para exercer sua profissão com responsabilidade. O Deputado Rodrigues Palma (PMDB-MT) apresentou uma emenda contra o diploma profissional para jornalista, que foi rejeitada, sendo mantido o texto do substitutivo que garante a qualificação profissional para todas as profissões. O Deputado Joaci Góes(PMDB-BA) discorda do texto aprovado, em relação a exigência de diploma para jornalistas.

A report on increasing the thrust of a turbojet engine by combustion of fuel in the tail pipe

The purpose of this work was to develop a means of increasing the thrust of a turbojet engine by burning kerosene in the tail pipe.

A combustion system was developed which gave the following results:
(l) Maximum thrust increase using a G.E. I-14 engine was 64 per cent over straight tail pipe thrust corresponding to 42 per cent increase over the normal engine thrust. This increase was accomplished at an engine rpm of 12,000.
(2) Increase of maximum thrust obtained was 51 per cent over the straight tail pipe thrust corresponding to 23 per cent over the normal engine thrust. This increase was accomplished at an engine rpm of l6,000.
(3) For the thrust increases mentioned in (1) and (2) above, increases of Specific Fuel Consumption were 66 per cent and 76 per cent respectively over normal engine SFC.

PULSED ELECTRICAL OPERATION OF 1.5-MU-M VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers operating in the 1.3- and 1.5-mu m wavelength ranges are highly attractive for telecommunications applications. However, they are far less well-developed than devices operating at shorter wavelengths. Pulsed electrically-injected lasing at 1.5 mu m, at temperatures up to 240 K, is demonstrated in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with one epitaxial and one dielectric reflector. This is an encouraging result in the development of practical sources for optical fiber communications systems.

Biologia e manejo de mosca minadora no meloeiro.

2009

Estimativa de emissões de gases de efeito estufa provenientes da queima de residuos da cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo no período de 1986 a 2008.

2010