Adapting agricultural water governance to climate change: Experiences from Germany, Spain and California

This study describes and discusses initiatives taken by public (water) agencies in the state of Brandenburg in Germany, the state of California in the USA and the Ebro River Basin in Spain in response to the challenges which climate change poses for the agricultural water sector. The drivers and actors and the process of changing agricultural water governance are its particular focus. The assumptions discussed are: (i) the degree of planned and anticipatory top-down implementation processes decreases if actions are more decentralized and are introduced at the regional and local level; (ii) the degree of autonomous and responsive adaptation approaches seems to grow with actions at a lower administrative level. Looking at processes of institutional change, a variety of drivers and actors are at work such as changing perceptions of predicted climate impacts; international obligations which force politicians to take action; socio-economic concerns such as the cost of not taking action; the economic interests of the private sector. Drivers are manifold and often interact and, in many cases, reforms in the sector are driven by and associated with larger reform agendas. The results of the study may serve as a starting point in assisting water agencies in developing countries with the elaboration of coping strategies for tackling climate change-induced risks related to agricultural water management.

Tommaso I, marchese di Saluzzo (1244-1296) : monografia storica con appendice di documenti inediti.

Mem. 10.

Das Lehnbuch Friedrichs des Strengen, Markgrafen von Meissen und Landgrafen von Thüringen, 1349/1350 /

"Verzeichnis der häufiger benutzten literatur und handschriftlichen quellen": p. ccxlviii-cclviii.

Der Grosse Kurfürst,

Title in red and black.

Une résidence allemande au XVIIIe siècle,

Abridgment of v. 2 of the author's Mémoires.

Eine preussische Königstochter; Denkwürdigkeiten der Markgräfin von Bayreuth, Schwester Friedrichs des Grossen.

Mode of access: Internet.

Die wiedergeburt Deutschlands im 17. jahrhundert: der Grosse kurfürst,

Mode of access: Internet.

Briefe aus England über die Zeit von 1674 bis 1678 : in Gesandtschafts-Berichten des Ministers Otto von Schwerin des jüngern an den Grossen Kurfürsten Friedrich Wilhelm /

"Anhang": p. [375]-440.

Herzog Luitpold : gedächnissrede zum zwey und siebenzigsten Stiftungstage der Königlich bayrischen Akademie der Wissenschaften /

Text in German; notes in German or Latin.

Beurkundete Geschichte Herzog Ludwigs des Brandenburgers,

Mode of access: Internet.

Memoiren von Jahre 1709 bis 1742 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Christliche erhebliche vnd wolfundirte Motifen, warumb wir auss einigen eiggerigen Trib vnsers Gewissens, vnd zuforderst allein zu der Ehr des Allmechtigenm alsdann zu Erlangung vnserer Seligkeit vnd Entfliehung der ewigen Verdamnusz, nicht allein fur vnser Person die Lutherische Lehr cerlassen, vnd zu den Catholischen Immerwehrenden vnd allein seligmachenden Christlichen Glauben vus notwendig begeben, sondern auch vnser von Gott anbsuohlene Land zu evenmessiger warhaffter Religion anweisen vnd reforniren lassen mussen. Dabey auch Dreyhundert Theses, von der Instification oder Gerechtmachung des Menschens vor Gott, so zu Emetingen sollen disputirt werden. Vnd dann die Conclusion quio zr Emetingen von beiden Theilen als summarische Begriff Gehaltenen gesprachs einkomkem ... Durch D. Iohannem Pistorium ... Mit Beschreibung ihrer F.G. Christlichen heiligen absterbens, so zu End beygesetzet worden.

Has also diei hudert theses.

Historia colloqvii Emmendingensis, inter pontificios & Lutheranos anno superioris seculi XC. instituti ... Cui subjicitur protocollum ... & conclusio ... qvae dum refellitur, simul Jo. Pappus ... à calumniis Jo. Pistorii vindicatur. Denique Jacobum marchionem Badensem, colloqvii auctorem, immeritò post illud mutasse religionem demostratur ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Memoiren der Markgräfin Wilhelmine von Bayreuth.

4. bis 8. Tausend.

The value of water quality improvements in the region Berlin-Brandenburg as a function of distance and state residency

This study uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to elicit willingness to pay estimates for changes in the water quality of three rivers. As many regions the metropolitan region Berlin-Brandenburg struggles to achieve the objectives of the Water Framework Directive until 2015. A major problem is the high load of nutrients. As the region is part of two states (Länder) and the river sections are common throughout the whole region we account for the spatial context twofold. Firstly, we incorporate the distance between each respondent and all river stretches in all MNL and RPL models, and, secondly, we consider whether respondents reside in the state of Berlin or Brandenburg. The compensating variation (CV) calculated for various scenarios shows that overall people would significantly benefit from improved water quality. The CV measures, however, also reveal that not considering the spatial context would result in severely biased welfare measures. While the distance decay effect lowers CV, state residency is connected to the frequency of status quo choices and not accounting for residency would underestimate possible welfare gains in one state. Another finding is that the extent of the market varies with respect to attributes (river stretches) and attribute levels (water quality levels).