Milan Kundera et la littérature mondiale

« Les littératures nationales ne signifient plus grand-chose aujourd’hui. Nous entrons dans l’ère de la littérature mondiale et il appartient à chacun de nous de hâter cette évolution » (Goethe). Milan Kundera, écrivain natif de Moravie ayant émigré en France en 1975, reprend à son compte cet idéal formulé en 1827 par Goethe et le réactive : selon lui, en effet, le seul contexte où peuvent véritablement se révéler le sens et la valeur d’une œuvre est le grand contexte de l’histoire supranationale. Dans cet espace de diversité où l’œuvre n’est pas soutenue par son prestige national, mais par son originalité, un roman tchèque (littérature d’une petite nation) aussi bien qu’un roman français (littérature d’une grande nation) peut trouver sa place. Comment faire une histoire de la littérature mondiale sans la présenter comme une juxtaposition d’histoires littéraires nationales ? C’est la question à laquelle cette conférence s’efforcera de répondre en s’appuyant sur les réflexions culturelles aussi bien que politiques de Milan Kundera.

Exil, espace et frontières dans l'oeuvre de Milan Kundera

Milan Kundera emigrierte 1975 nach Frankreich. Der Zeitpunkt seiner Emigration trifft mit jenem zusammen, in dem sich in seiner Arbeit Überlegungen zu Exil, Grenzen und Raum entwickeln. In seinen politischen Schriften hebt er die Veränderung der europäischen Grenzen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg hervor sowie den Umstand, dass sich die Tschechoslowakei und Zentraleuropa in der Sowjetunion im „Exil“ befinden. In seinen Exilromanen bewegen sich die Figuren zwischen heimischem und exilischem Raum, und diese territoriale Grenzüberschreitung wird systematisch von einem metaphysischen Grenzübergang begleitet. Schliesslich zeigt Kundera in seinen Erwägungen zur Literatur, dass literarische Werke, um in ihrer ganzen Vielfalt berücksichtigt zu werden, in anderen Kulturräumen als ihrem eigenen zirkulieren müssen. Diese „Reise“ durch Kunderas Werk wird uns denn auch dazu bringen, über mögliche paradigmatische Figuren des zeitgenössischen Exils nachzudenken.

Por doña Isabel Escorcia de Escorcia y don Ventura Ferrer Y Milan su marido con D. Nicolas Escorcia y Ladron ... sobre que no es proseguible la instancia de suplicacion ... y sobre que la instancia de dessercion ... se deve recibir ...

Precede al tit.: Iesus, Maria, Ioseph

Relacion nueua del feliz viage, sumptuosissima entrada y marauilloso recibimiento que se le ha hecho en la ciudad de Milan a la Serenissima emperatriz, princesa de España : Sabese por cartas de personas de cuenta

Tit. tomado de principio de texto

Relacion verdadera de todo lo que ha passado en el Estado de Milan, desde que entraron los Franceses en el, y de lo que ha sucedido sobre el sitio de Valencia del Pò

Texto fechado en 1635

Escriuense los progressos, y entrada de su alteza del señor Infante Cardenal en Francia por Picardia... y la retirada del Exercito de Francia, y sus coligados del Estado de Milan : y la valerosa y fuerte resistencia que hizo la ciudad de Dola en Borgoña ...

Sign.: []2

Milan, Italy, 1778 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Pianta della città di Milano, Arcan. Lavelli Ing. ... delir. Ang. Pestagalli F.Q. sculp. It was published in 1778. Scale [ca. 1:7,000]. Covers Milan, Italy. Map in Italian.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 32N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, ground cover, parks, and more.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Milan, Italy, 1875 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Pianta della città di Milano : illustrato colle vedutine dei principali monumenti e fabbricati. It was published by Antonio Vallardi in 1875. Scale not given. Covers Milan, Italy. Map in Italian.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 32N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings (shown pictorially), fortification, ground cover, parks, cemeteries, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes index.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Milan, Italy, 1860 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Pianta di Milano, designata dal Tenente Ingegnere Geografo Giovanni Brenna. It was published by Antonio Vallardi in 1860. Scale [ca. 1:5,000]. Covers Milan, Italy. Map in Italian. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'European Datum 1950 UTM Zone 32N' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, ground cover, parks, and more. Includes index.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Milan, Italy, 1820 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Pianta della cittá di Milano : anno 1820, Anto. Tua Pt. Archo. Geogo. dis. ; Gasp. Cagnoni inc in Milo. It was published by presso Ferdo. Artaria in 1820. Scale [ca. 1:800]. Covers Milan, Italy. Map in Italian.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'European Datum 1950 UTM Zone 32N' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, ground cover, parks, and more. Includes index and inset view: Il Duomo di Milano. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Milan, Italy, 1910 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Milano. It was published by ditta Ataria di Ferd. Sacchi e figli in 1910. Scale [ca. 1:10,000]. Covers Milan, Italy. Map in Italian. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'European Datum 1950 UTM Zone 32N' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, street-railroads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, parks, and more.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Milan, Italy, 1943 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Town plan of Milan (Milano). It was published by the Army Map Service, U.S. Army in 1943. Scale 1:10,000. Covers Milan, Italy. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'European Datum 1950 UTM Zone 32N' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, street-railroads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, parks, and more. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

From Lubeck to Milan

[drawn by Erwin Raisz].