Distrito federal : organização e natureza jurídica decorrentes da constituição de 1988 / Vitor Rolf Laube. --

Inclui notas bibliográficas.

Behavioral evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses

Anxiety traits can be stable and permanent characteristics of an individual across time that is less susceptible of influences by a particular situation. One way to study trait anxiety in an experimental context is through the use of rat lines, selected according to contrasting phenotypes of fear and anxiety. It is not clear whether the behavioral differences between two contrasting rat lines in one given anxiety test are also present in others paradigms of state anxiety. Here, we examine the extent to which multiple anxiety traits generalize across selected animal lines originally selected for a single anxiety trait. We review the behavioral results available in the literature of eight rat genetic models of trait anxiety - namely Maudsley Reactive and Non-reactive rats, Floripa H and L rats, Tsukuba High and Low Emotional rats, High and Low Anxiety-related rats, High and Low Ultrasonic Vocalization rats, Roman High and Low Avoidance rats, Syracuse High and Low Avoidance rats, and Carioca High and Low Conditioned Freezing rats - across 11 behavioral paradigms of innate anxiety or aversive learning frequently used in the experimental setting. We observed both convergence and divergence of behavioral responses in these selected lines across the 11 paradigms. We find that predisposition for specific anxiety traits will usually be generalized to other anxiety provoking stimuli. However this generalization is not observed across all genetic models indicating some unique trait and state interactions. Genetic models of enhanced-anxiety related responses are beginning to help define how anxiety can manifest differently depending on the underlying traits and the current environmentally induced state.

Corticosterone accelerates atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse

Chronic stress is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, which is a chief process in the development of cardiovascular disease. Increased circulating levels of corticosterone have been documented in several animal models of chronic stress. However, it remains to be established whether corticosterone is sufficient to exacerbate atherosclerosis. To test this hypothesis, apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet for 13 weeks with exposure to either corticosterone or vehicle in the drinking water (CORT and Con). Corticosterone treatment significantly increased atherosclerotic plaque area at the aortic root. Such exacerbation of atherosclerosis was accompanied by significantly lower levels of circulating white blood cells and serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and significantly elevated serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) in CORT mice when compared to Con mice. These findings demonstrate that corticosterone is sufficient to exacerbate atherosclerosis in vivo despite its anti-inflammatory properties and that this marked pro-atherogenic phenotype is primarily associated with increased dyslipidaemia.

Online self-supervised multi-instance segmentation of dynamic objects

This paper presents a method for the continuous segmentation of dynamic objects using only a vehicle mounted monocular camera without any prior knowledge of the object’s appearance. Prior work in online static/dynamic segmentation is extended to identify multiple instances of dynamic objects by introducing an unsupervised motion clustering step. These clusters are then used to update a multi-class classifier within a self-supervised framework. In contrast to many tracking-by-detection based methods, our system is able to detect dynamic objects without any prior knowledge of their visual appearance shape or location. Furthermore, the classifier is used to propagate labels of the same object in previous frames, which facilitates the continuous tracking of individual objects based on motion. The proposed system is evaluated using recall and false alarm metrics in addition to a new multi-instance labelled dataset to evaluate the performance of segmenting multiple instances of objects.

Mice behaviorally selected for high Pavlovian fear memory exhibit fear generalization, HPA-axis alterations and increased basal activity in cortico-limbic circuits

Biological factors underlying individual variability in fearfulness and anxiety have important implications for stress-related psychiatric illness including PTSD and major depression. Using an advanced intercross line (AIL) derived from C57BL/6 and DBA/2J mouse strains and behavioral selection over 3 generations, we established two lines exhibiting High or Low fear behavior after fear conditioning. Across the selection generations, the two lines showed clear differences in training and tests for contextual and conditioned fear. Before fear conditioning training, there were no differences between lines in baseline freezing to a novel context. However, after fear conditioning High line mice demonstrated pronounced freezing in a new context suggestive of poor context discrimination. Fear generalization was not restricted to contextual fear. High fear mice froze to a novel acoustic stimulus while freezing in the Low line did not increase over baseline. Enhanced fear learning and generalization are consistent with transgenic and pharmacological disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) (Brinks, 2009, Thompson, 2004, Kaouane, 2012). To determine whether there were differences in HPA-axis regulation between the lines, morning urine samples were collected to measure basal corticosterone. Levels of secreted corticosterone in the circadian trough were analyzed by corticosterone ELISA. High fear mice were found to have higher basal corticosterone levels than low line animals. Examination of hormonal stress response components by qPCR revealed increased expression of CRH mRNA and decreased mRNA for MR and CRHR1 in hypothalamus of high fear mice. These alterations may contribute to both the behavioral phenotype and higher basal corticosterone in High fear mice. To determine basal brain activity in vivo in High and Low fear mice we used manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). Analysis revealed a pattern of basal brain activity made up of amygdala, cortical and hippocampal circuits that was elevated in the High line. Ongoing studies also seek to determine the relative balance of excitatory and inhibitory tone in the amygdala and hippocampus and the neuronal structure of its neurons. While these heterogeneous lines are selected on fear memory expression, HPA-axis alterations and differences in hippocampal activity segregate with the behavioral phenotypes. These differences are detectable in a basal state strongly suggesting these are biological traits underlying the behavioral phenotype (Johnson et al, 2011).

Interpretation of morphological data to inform design Bridge to Bridge: Ridge to Ridge urban design workshop

The importance of design practice informed by urban morphology has led to intensification in interest, signalled by the formation of the ISUF Research and Practice Task Force and voiced through several recent academic publications cognisant of this current debate, this paper reports on a recent urban design workshop at which morphology was set as one of the key themes. Initially planned to be programmed as a augmented concurrent event to the 2013 20th ISUF conference held in Brisbane, the two day Bridge to Bridge: Ridge to Ridge urban design workshop nevertheless took place the following month, and involved over one hundred design professionals and academics. The workshop sought to develop several key urban design principles and recommendations addressing a major government development proposal sited in the most important heritage precinct of the city. The paper will focus specifically on one of the nine groups, in which the design proposal was purposefully guided by morphological input. The discussion will examine the design outcomes and illicit review and feedback from participants, shedding critical light on the issues that arise from such a design approach.

Probabilistic Inductive Querying Using ProbLog

We study how probabilistic reasoning and inductive querying can be combined within ProbLog, a recent probabilistic extension of Prolog. ProbLog can be regarded as a database system that supports both probabilistic and inductive reasoning through a variety of querying mechanisms. After a short introduction to ProbLog, we provide a survey of the different types of inductive queries that ProbLog supports, and show how it can be applied to the mining of large biological networks.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 249A ]

A Comissão de Sistematização da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) aprovou a proibição de pena perpétua. O Deputado Antônio Mariz (PMDB-PB) aborda questões relativas a pena perpétua. Na votação do parágrafo vinte e quatro (24) ficou praticamente garantido o trabalho remunerado para os presos, proposta do Deputado Ricardo Izar (PFL-SP) acolhida pelo relator Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM). Foi aprovada emenda aditiva, de autoria do Deputado Vitor Fontana (PFL-SC), que prevê prisão para todos aqueles que deixarem de pagar pensão alimentícia aos filhos. A Deputada Sandra Cavalcanti (PFL-RJ) explica que também está prevista a mesma pena para as empresas que recolhem impostos do empregado e não os repassam. O Senador Dirceu Carneiro (PMDB-SC) declara que será preciso dobrar o abastecimento de água para as cidades até 2014 e também os investimentos em infraestrutura. O segundo substitutivo do Relator Bernardo Cabral prevê a instituição de um sistema nacional de desenvolvimento urbano. O Deputado Raul Ferraz (PMDB-BA) defende a criação das cooperativas populares urbanizadoras. A Deputada Lúcia Braga (PFL-PB) informa que apresentou emenda que estabelece a obrigatoriedade do governo em desapropriar as áreas urbanas ociosas ocupadas por populações de baixa renda.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 060]

O êxodo rural gera o inchaço nos grandes centros urbanos. Moradores de rua reclamam da falta de moradia. Aleixo Furtado, presidente do Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil - IAB, defende o fortalecimento dos núcleos urbanos e das cidades médias, e de leis que possibilitam a reversão do quadro atual. Ulisses de Oliveira (PMDB-MG), relator da Subcomissão da Questão Urbana e de Transportes da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), propõe inovações no seu relatório: a moradia não pode ser penhorada por causa de dívida e pessoas acima de 68 anos não pagam tarifa de transporte público. Dirceu Carneiro (PMDB-SC), presidente da Subcomissão, afirma que o problema da moradia precisa ser visto de forma global. Vitor Buaiz (PT-ES) propõe, na reunião de lideranças do PT, a campanha "Leve seu título para rua". Tal sugestão tem a finalidade de solucionar a questão das assinaturas nas emendas populares. Com o titulo em mãos os cidadãos podem assinar as emendas populares.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 232]

Cidadãos mostram sua insatisfação com o salário mínimo. O Deputado Vilson de Souza (PMDB-SC) declara que a Constituição pode melhorar a vida das pessoas garantindo um piso salarial mínimo e que as políticas econômicas adotadas nos últimos anos têm arrochado brutalmente a massa salarial. O Deputado Jesus Tajra (PFL-PI) acredita que o salário deve ser estabelecido na livre negociação entre sindicatos de trabalhadores e sindicatos patronais. O Deputado Vitor Buaiz (PT-ES) informa que é preciso que o salário minimo seja reformulado, de tal forma que se torne suficiente para satisfazer também as necessidades das famílias em relação a educação, saúde e lazer. Sessão da Comissão de Sistematização da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) discute a qualidade da alimentação dos brasileiros. O Deputado Manuel Viana (PMDB-CE) defende a implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde como forma de fiscalizar a qualidade dos remédios e dos alimentos. Parlamentaristas chegam a um acordo sobre o sistema de governo e o novo texto do substitutivo. O texto apresentado ao substitutivo é uma fusão das teses dos Senadores Afonso Arinos (PFL-RJ), Nelson Carneiro (PMDB-RJ) e Carlos Chiarelli (PDS-RS). O Relator Adjunto, Senador José Ignácio Ferreira (PMDB-ES) anuncia como ficará no substitutivo a questão da jornada de trabalho, da aposentadoria e do tráfico de drogas. O tempo de implantação do sistema parlamentarista e a imissão de posse ainda ficaram pendentes e serão decididos no Plenário pelo voto.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 757]

Trata da nova Constituição e o prazo para assinaturas dos constituintes. Cada um faz um depoimento com relação às expectativas da nova Constituição. As minorias participam de todas as fases da Constituinte, onde negros, índios, deficientes e idosos passam a ter garantia dos seus direitos. A a nova Constituição resgata uma dívida histórica no País.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 726 ]

Mostra que o Poder Legislativo recuperou algumas prerrogativas importantes como: as leis voltam a ser decididas no Congresso Nacional, a extinção do decreto- lei, uma forma, usada pelo governos anteriores, de legislar por conta própria. O Congresso Nacional tem novos poderes, que são decisões sobre: programa nuclear brasileiro, nomeações de Presidente e Diretores do Banco Central, indicação de membros do Conselho da República e o poder de instalação de quantas comissões de inquérito forem necessárias. Para os constituintes, o novo congresso vai ajudar a democracia brasileira. O Legislativo vem com uma inovação importante, permitindo que o cidadão participe no encaminhamentos das leis.