Vilar y la historiografía francesa.

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico de la revista dedicado a la figura del historiador Pierre Vilar

O esporte paraolímpico no Brasil : abordagem da sociologia do esporte de Pierre Bourdieu

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Upper limit on the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy tau neutrinos from the Pierre Auger Observatory

The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to Earth-skimming tau neutrinos that interact in Earth's crust. Tau leptons from nu(tau) charged-current interactions can emerge and decay in the atmosphere to produce a nearly horizontal shower with a significant electromagnetic component. The data collected between 1 January 2004 and 31 August 2007 are used to place an upper limit on the diffuse flux of nu(tau) at EeV energies. Assuming an E(nu)(-2) differential energy spectrum the limit set at 90% C. L. is E(nu)(2)dN(nu tau)/dE(nu) < 1: 3 x 10(-7) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) in the energy range 2 x 10(17) eV< E(nu) < 2 x 10(19) eV.

Limit on the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy tau neutrinos with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory are used to establish an upper limit on the diffuse flux of tau neutrinos in the cosmic radiation. Earth-skimming nu(tau) may interact in the Earth's crust and produce a tau lepton by means of charged-current interactions. The tau lepton may emerge from the Earth and decay in the atmosphere to produce a nearly horizontal shower with a typical signature, a persistent electromagnetic component even at very large atmospheric depths. The search procedure to select events induced by tau decays against the background of normal showers induced by cosmic rays is described. The method used to compute the exposure for a detector continuously growing with time is detailed. Systematic uncertainties in the exposure from the detector, the analysis, and the involved physics are discussed. No tau neutrino candidates have been found. For neutrinos in the energy range 2x10(17) eV < E(nu)< 2x10(19) eV, assuming a diffuse spectrum of the form E(nu)(-2), data collected between 1 January 2004 and 30 April 2008 yield a 90% confidence-level upper limit of E(nu)(2)dN(nu tau)/dE(nu)< 9x10(-8) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1).

Interface shear strength of geosynthetics: Evaluation and analysis of inclined plane tests

The inclined plane test (IPT) is commonly performed to measure the interface shear strength between different materials as those used in cover systems of landfills. The test, when interpreted according to European test Standards provides the static interface friction angle, usually assumed for 50 mm displacement and denoted as phi(stat)(50). However, if interpreted considering the several phases of the sliding process, the test is capable of yielding more realistic information about the interface shear strength such as differentiating interfaces which exhibit the same value of phi(stat)(50) but different behavior for displacement less than 50 mm. In this paper, the IPT is used to evaluate the interface shear strength of some materials usually present in cover liner systems of landfill. The results of the tests were analyzed for both, the static and the dynamic phases of the sliding and were interpreted based on the static initial friction angle, phi(0), and the limit friction angle, phi(lim). It is shown that depending on the sliding behavior of the interfaces, phi(stat)(50), which is usually adopted as the designing parameter in stability analysis, can be larger than phi(0) and phi(lim). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Methane generation in tropical landfills: Simplified methods and field results

This paper deals with the use of simplified methods to predict methane generation in tropical landfills. Methane recovery data obtained on site as part of a research program being carried Out at the Metropolitan Landfill, Salvador, Brazil, is analyzed and used to obtain field methane generation over time. Laboratory data from MSW samples of different ages are presented and discussed: and simplified procedures to estimate the methane generation potential, L(o), and the constant related to the biodegradation rate, k are applied. The first order decay method is used to fit field and laboratory results. It is demonstrated that despite the assumptions and the simplicity of the adopted laboratory procedures, the values L(o) and k obtained are very close to those measured in the field, thus making this kind of analysis very attractive for first approach purposes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pierre Bourdieu: a teoria na prática

Este artigo apresenta um programa para aplicação da forma de investigar de Pierre Bourdieu às pesquisas em ciências humanas e sociais. A partir da exposição sobre as suas fontes e práticas epistemológicas, o artigo discute o sistema de conceitos que Bourdieu utiliza e desenvolve um roteiro genérico de pesquisa baseado nas suas investigações. Conclui com um resumo das críticas às suas concepções e uma apresentação sintética do seu legado.

A Socialidade contra o Estado: a antropologia de Pierre Clastres

Clastres promove uma "dessubstancialização" do Estado, que não é "o Eliseu, a Casa Branca, o Kremlin", mas um "acionamento efetivo da relação de poder". Não há por que acreditar, então, que ele tenha, num pudor durkheimiano, reificado a sociedade. Ainda que não recorra ao conceito, parece-nos que existe já socialidade em Clastres: a socialidade contra o Estado, portanto. Ao explorar, nas três partes deste estudo, a maneira como Clastres encara a "sociedade", o "Estado" e o "contra", acreditamos que, com o auxílio de sua etnografia, encontramos indicações de como enfrentar alguns dos impasses da antropologia; como o de abandonar o individualismo metodológico sem cair num holismo transcendental e vice-versa; o de construir modelos de intencionalidade sem sujeitos; o de pensar a relação social sem, por esta démarche, implicar necessariamente a existência da "sociedade"; e, finalmente, o de mostrar como a "objetividade" da socialidade pode operar por meio da "subjetividade" das pessoas-em-interação.