61 resultados para Vernonia condensata
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A vegetação da Ilha Grande faz parte do Bioma Floresta Atlântica, que possui altos índices de biodiversidade e cobre amplas regiões de zonas climáticas e formações vegetacionais tropicais a subtropicais. No Brasil, estende-se numa estreita faixa ao longo de quase toda a costa atlântica e interioriza-se atingindo parte da Argentina e do Paraguai. Asteraceae é a terceira maior família em número de espécies na Floresta Atlântica. Assim, buscou-se conhecer a representatividade dessa família na Ilha Grande, objetivando contribuir com a política de preservação e manutenção de seus ecossistemas. Nesse contexto, promoveu-se um levantamento bibliográfico, consultas a herbários e excursões periódicas de coleta em campo. O material coletado foi depositado no herbário da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (HRJ). Registrou-se na área de estudo 67 espécies subordinadas a 37 gêneros. Os gêneros são a seguir denominados: Achyrocline (3 spp.), Adenostemma (1sp.), Ageratum (1 sp.), Austrocritonia (1 sp.), Astroeupatorium (1 sp.), Baccharis (8 spp.), Bidens (1 sp.), Blainvillea (1 sp.), Centratherum (1 sp.), Chaptalia (1 sp.), Chromolaena (3 spp.), Conyza (1 sp.), Cosmos (1 sp.), Eclipta (1 sp.), Elephantopus (2 spp.), Emilia (1 sp.), Erechtites (1 sp.), Galinsoga (1 sp.), Gamochaeta (1 sp.), Grazielia (1 sp.), Heterocondylus (2 spp.), Mikania (13 spp.), Piptocarpha (2 spp.), Pluchea (1 sp.), Praxelis (1 sp.), Pseudogynoxys (1 sp.), Pterocaulon (1 sp.), Sphagneticola (1 sp.), Sonchus (1 sp.), Steymarkina (1 sp.), Struchium (1 sp.), Synedrella (1 sp.), Tilesia (1 sp.), Tithonia (1 sp.), Trixis (1 sp.), Verbesina (1 sp.) e Vernonia (5 spp.). Estes gêneros estão abrigados sob nove tribos. São citadas pela primeira vez para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro as espécies Mikania campanulata e Struchium sparganophorum.
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2010
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This study aimed to analyse the Brazilian savanna forest from a Legal Reserve (LR) area from a perspective of conservation, reservoir of organic carbon and medicinal biomass for a prospective use of native medicinal plants. An ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey was carried out close to a community settled in the rural area in the south of Tocantins, being selected 9 of the most cited species (cajuí- Anacardium othonianum; inharé-Brosimum gaudichaudii; jatobá-Hymenaeae courbaril; jenipapo-Genipa americana, aroeira-Myracrodruon urundeuva; negramina-Siparuna guianensis; barbatimão- Stryphnodendron obovatum; assa peixe-Vernonia brasiliana, embaúba-Cecropia pachystachya). Crude foliar extracts were subjected to a preliminary phytochemical prospection and triage of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity of potential interest in health and familiar agriculture. Phenolic compounds, terpenes and flavonoids were detected in the extracts of most species, which suggests the presence of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-insect activities. It was evident the need to better know the LR as a reservoir of medicinal biomass in an area under ecological tension where 35% (610ha) of the property is LR and should be protected by law. Therefore, a forest inventory of live woody species was performed using the allometric or indirect method. This identified a rare remnant of Semidecidual Seasonal Forest amidst the largest world savannah, the Cerrado biome. An analysis of the forest average productivity per basal area (m².ha), aerial live biomass (ton.ha-1) and carbon stock was carried out. The forest fragment was considered relatively rich in species and diversity, although showing signs of disturbance and dominance by a few species. Its horizontal structure suggests biotic regeneration conditions. It is an important reservoir of medicinal plants. Of the families (57.5%) presenting medicinal species, 19 from a total of 33 are represented in the area and contain 44% (27) of the total species (61) and 63% (432) of the total individuals catalogued. Medicinal species have ecological importance for the equilibrium of the local flora and represent 80% of the 10 species with higher Importance Value Index (IVI): Tetragastris altissima, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Oenocarpus distichus, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Simarouba versicolor, Alibertia macrophylla, Siparuna guianensis, Maprounea guianensis, Licania parvifolia e Physocalymma scaberrimum. Medicinal productivity was high for this type of phytophysionomy: 183,2 ton. ha-1 of biomass and 91,51 ton. ha-1 of carbon representing 66% of the total biomass and carbon of this Cerrado forest. From this stage S. guianensis (Siparunaceae) was selected for performing bioassays in order to verify its biological activity against microorganisms of health and agricultural relevance. This is a native aromatic medicinal plant recommended as priority for conservation, with local popular medicinal validation and availability of medicinal feedstock (3300 Kg.ha-1), with the foliar fraction giving 38Kg/ha of crude extract and 5L/ha of essential oil. Foliar crude extracts and essential oil were obtained and tested in vitro using a disk diffusion bioassay. Different concentrations of these natural products were tested against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145) and fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 6258 e Fusarium oxysporum). The essential oil inhibited the growth of S. aureus in its crude concentration (380μg.mL-1), as well as diluted to half (190μg.mL-1) and a quarter strength (95μg.mL-1). It’s likely that such action is due to sesquiterpenes major components, such as bisabolol and bisabolene (10.35%), measured by gas chromatography (GC-MS, GC-FID). Extracts did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. The native medicinal plants prospective market is an alternative that favours the conservation of biodiversity while generating benefits for the development of sustainable family productive activities within local ecosystems instead of the current inappropriate uses. This strengthens conservation policies of Legal Reserve in rural settlements and is in agreement with public policy on global warming and climate changes.
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Fire is an important factor in several ecosystems, affecting plant population biology. Campos grasslands are under constant influence of disturbance, mostly grazing and fire. However, few studies evaluated the effect of fire on plant population biology of grassland species. Therefore, we aim to analyze the effect of fire on the population biology of four species, from different functional groups and regeneration strategies: Chaptalia runcinata (forb, resprouter, absence of belowground organ), Vernonia flexuosa (forb, resprouter, presence of rhizophore), Eupatorium ligulaefolium (shrub, resprouter, presence of xylopodium) and Heterothalamus psiadioides (shrub, obligate seeder). Seven plots were established in different sites in southern Brazil: frequently burned (FB) and excluded from fire since 6 years (E). All plots were subjected to controlled burns during summer. Before experiments, populations were sampled. Further observations were carried out after 90 and after 360 days of fire experiments. In addition, we counted the number of seedlings and resprouters recruited after fire. Heat shock experiments were conducted with two species (H. psiadioides and V. flexuosa), as well as the study of the bud bank of the following species: E. ligulaefolium and V. flexuosa. The obligate seeder species had all individuals killed by fire and established only after 1 year. Resprouters, however, showed new stems immediately after fire. E. ligulaefolium and V. flexuosa showed only vegetative regeneration from belowground organs and more individuals in excluded sites 1 year after the fire. The bud bank of E. ligulaefolium tended to be larger in excluded sites, whilst V. flexuosa showed an opposite result. High temperatures did not enhance nor kill seeds from both studied species. Vegetative regeneration was the most important strategy for all studied species, except for H. psiadioides, the obligate seeder species. Fire thus, plays an important role on population structure and demography, being also important for plant recruitment.
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O experimento foi conduzido no município de Cachoeira do Sul de out/2001 a out/2002, objetivando avaliar a dinâmica vegetacional e o desempenho animal (31/05/02 a 16/09/02), em uma pastagem nativa submetida a diferentes métodos de controle de plantas indesejáveis. O local corresponde à região fisiográfica denominada Serra do Sudeste, com predominância das espécies Paspalum notatum (grama forquilha), Andropogon lateralis (capim caninha), além de Arachis burkartii e Desmodium incanum. Como plantas classificadas como indesejáveis encontram-se Baccharis trimera (carqueja), Vernonia nudiflora (alecrim) e Psidium luridum (araçá do campo). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi um fatorial em blocos (4 x 2), com duas repetições de campo. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: testemunha (T); roçada de primavera (P); roçada de primavera + outono (O) e roçada de primavera + controle químico (Q), todos em duas ofertas de forragem, média (8%) e alta (14%). Os animais testes foram três novilhas por repetição, mantidas em pastejo contínuo com lotação variável. A massa de forragem foi obtida através de avaliações visuais usando padrões de referência, o acúmulo de forragem através do uso de gaiolas de exclusão e a composição botânica pelo método do ponto. Avaliaram-se os parâmetros de desempenho individual, carga animal, ganho de peso vivo por área e a dinâmica vegetacional. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância através do pacote estatístico SAS. O nível alto de oferta permitiu uma menor perda de peso vivo por área. Os tratamentos P e Q proporcionaram um melhor desempenho individual e menor perda de peso vivo por área, quando comparados a T. Os tratamentos P, O e Q foram eficientes no controle de Baccharis trimera. A. burkartii e Eriyngium horridum foram incrementados pela média intensidade de pastejo. Aristida laevis teve sua participação aumentada pela interação tratamento Q e baixa intensidade de pastejo.
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We aimed to establish a phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts and performed GC-MS of the essential oils (EOs) of Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) and Asteraceae species Baccharis dracunculifolia DC, Matricaria chamomilla L. and Vernonia polyanthes Less, as well as determining their antimicrobial activity. Establishment of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the crude extracts and EOs against 16 Staphylococcus aureus and 16 Escherichia coli strains from human specimens was carried out using the dilution method in Mueller-Hinton agar. Some phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties were established, and all EOs had a higher antimicrobial activity than the extracts. Matricaria chamomilla extract and E. uniflora EO were efficient against S. aureus strains, while E. uniflora and V. polyanthes extracts and V. polyanthes EO showed the best antimicrobial activity against E. coli strains. Staphylococcus aureus strains were more susceptible to the tested plant products than E. coli, but all natural products promoted antimicrobial growth inhibition.
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Examinou-se o potencial alelopático da planta invasora de pastagem assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes), através dos efeitos dos extratos aquosos (concentração de 10%) da parte aérea, de raízes e de sementes sobre a germinação (porcentagem e velocidade) e o alongamento da radícula das gramíneas forrageiras Brachiaria humidicola, Brachiaria decumbens e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. O pH, a condutividade e o potencial osmótico foram determinados em cada extrato. A contribuição do potencial osmótico foi isolada através de cálculo, tendo por base os potenciais osmóticos dos extratos e da água e a equação de regressão que se ajustou a cada parâmetros, em função da variação do potencial osmótico na faixa de 0,0 a 0,4 MPa. Os bioensaios foram desenvolvidos em câmaras do tipo BOD, com temperatura controlada para 35/15oC (diurna/noturna) e fotoperíodo de 12 horas-luz (bioensaios de germinação), e temperatura constante de 35oC e fotoperíodo de 24 horas-luz (bioensaios de alongamento da radícula). Os resultados indicaram que tanto o pH como a concentração de cátions não contribuíram para os resultados encontrado. O assa-peixe evidenciou potencialidade alelopáticas que variaram em função da espécie receptora e da parte da planta doadora do extrato. A velocidade de germinação foi o indicador mais sensível aos efeitos dos extratos aquosos da assa-peixe.
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Extratos aquosos de sementes, parte aérea e raízes de três gramíneas e três leguminosas forrageiras foram preparados a uma concentração de 10%, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos potencialmente alelopáticos sobre a germinação de sementes e o alongamento da radícula das invasoras de pastagens: desmódio, guanxuma e assa-peixe. A germinação foi monitorada em períodos de dez dias, com contagens diárias e eliminação das sementes germinadas. O alongamento da radícula era medido ao final de um período de dez dias de crescimento. Os efeitos do potencial osmótico foram isolados através de cálculos. As espécies doadoras evidenciaram potencialidades alelopáticas que variou de intensidade em função da especificidade entre espécies doadoras e receptoras. B. brizantha e calopogônio foram as espécies que promoveram as reduções mais intensas sobre a germinação das sementes e o alongamento da radícula das espécies receptoras. A parte aérea das espécies doadoras constituiu-se na principal fonte de substâncias potencialmente alelopáticas, solúveis em água. Independentemente da espécie doadora, desmódio e guanxuma foram as invasoras que se mostraram mais susceptíveis aos efeitos potencialmente alelopáticos, enquanto o assapeixe foi a mais tolerante.
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Bioassays were carried out to identify and characterize the allelopathic potential effects of forage legumes leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), mineirão (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão) and calopogônio (Calopogonium mucunoides) on germination and radicle elongation of the pasture weeds desmódio (Desmodium adscendens), guanxuma (Sida rhombifolia) and assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes). Aqueous seeds and shoot extracts were prepared in a concentration of 10% (w/v). The pH and osmotic potential were measured in each extract. The effects of the osmotic potential on the results were calculated considering the regression equations adjusted to the variations of osmotic potential in each parameter and the osmotic potential of the extracts. The results showed that the pH did not constitute in a source of variation of the results. The donor species indicated allelopathic potential that varied in function of donor and receiver species and part of the donor plant. The aqueous shoot extract of mineirão and calopogônio showed inhibition potential higher than the extract from seeds, while for leucena the effects more evident were obtained with the extract from seeds. Comparatively, the radicle elongation was a more sensitive indicator than germination to the effects of the extracts.The receiver species assa-peixe was the less sensitive to the effects of the extract.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a very serious problem worldwide and the increasing number of multiple drugs resistant TB cases makes the search for new anti-TB drugs an urgent need. Indigenous knowledge about the use of native plants to treat illnesses has contributed to the discovery of new medicines. In this study, the antimycobacterial activity of seven medicinal drinks was assessed: Ananas sativus (hydroalcoholic fruit extract), Aristolochia triangularis (aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf, root and stem extracts), Bromelia antiacantha (hydroalcoholic fruit extract), Stryphnodendron adstringens (hydroalcoholic bark extract), Tabebuia ovellanedae (hydroalcoholic bark extract), Vernonia polyanthes (hydroalcoholic root extract), all used by the Vanuíre indigenous community in the treatment of respiratory diseases. The activity was evaluated by using a time-to-kill assay, in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium, after thirty minutes, one, three, six, twelve and twenty-four hours contact of the bacteria with each drink. Within half to one hour contact, the hydroalcoholic drinks of A. triangularis, S. adstringens, T. ovellanedae and V. polyanthes reduced the bacterial growth by 2 orders of magnitude in CFU/mL, and all bacterial growth was absent after three hours contact. In contrast, no mycobactericidal effect was detected in the aqueous extract of A. triangularis or in the hydroalcoholic beverages of A. sativus and B. antiacantha, even after twenty-four hours contact.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)