Envelliment actiu: el paper del psicogerontòleg. Contribucions de l' educació emocional

Aquest treball es basa en les pràctiques realitzades dins del marc del Màster en Envelliment Actiu de la Universitat de Vic. L’objectiu d’aquestes pràctiques era doble: per una banda, aprofundir en el coneixement del rol del psicogerontòleg en un centre sociosanitari d’atenció a la gent gran i, per l’altra, elaborar, aplicar i avaluar una intervenció per fomentar l’envelliment actiu. És a dir, es pretenia donar cobertura a les dues grans àrees d’intervenció a les quals ha de fer front el psicogerontòleg en l’actualitat, com veurem més endavant, i que són: l’atenció a la dependència i la promoció de l’envelliment actiu, tenint en compte que aquesta darrera suposa la prevenció de la malaltia i la discapacitat i la maximització del benestar i la qualitat de vida en la vellesa.

The work of Spanish men. A quantitative analysis based on census data, 1900-1970

This paper presents a historical examination of employment in old age in Spain, in order to characterize this labour segment and identify and analyse its specific problems. One of these problems is the life-cycle deskilling process, already shown for certain national cases. This study explores whether this hypothesis also holds in Spain. The perspective used is essentially quantitative, as our analysis is based on the age-profession tables in Spanish population censuses from 1900 to 1970.

'Biased' Risk Perceptions of Longevity and Disability in Old Age

Rational learning theories postulate that information channels and cognitive biases such as individual optimism may influence an individual¿s assessment of the risk of undesired events, especially with regard to those that have a cumulative nature. This is the case with disability in old age, which may take place upon survival to an advanced age, and such factors have been regarded as responsible for certain individual behaviours (for example, the limited incidence of insurance purchase). This paper examines the determinants of individual perceptions with regard to disability in old age and longevity. The cumulative nature of such perceptions of risk is tested, and potential biases are identified, including `optimism¿ and a set of information determinants. Empirical evidence from a representative survey of Catalonia is presented to illustrate these effects. The findings from this research suggest a significant overestimation of disability in old age, yet this is not the case with longevity. Furthermore, individual perceptions with regard to disability in old age, unlike those with regard to longevity, exhibit on aggregate an `optimistic bias¿ and, are perceived as `cumulative risks¿. Gender influences the perceived risk of disability in old age at a population level but not at the individual level, and the opposite holds true for age. Finally, self-reported health status is the main variable behind risk perceptions at both the individual and population level.

Sistema fiscal y reforma de la Seguridad Social

El presente trabajo analiza desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, mediante un modelo de equilibrio general de generaciones sucesivas, los efectos sobre la economía española de eliminar el actual sistema de Seguridad Social e implantar uno de capitalización. El análisis considera el proceso de transición y mide en términos de bienestar, quiénes son los agentes que se opondrían a este tipo de reforma. La consideración de la interacción entre el sistema de seguridad social y el sistema fiscal implica mayores beneficios asociados a una reforma de la seguridad social. Sin embargo, este tipo de reforma sigue generando pérdidas de bienestar para la mayoría de agentes vivos en el momentodel inicio de la reforma, existiendo un sesgo en favor del status quo.

The work of Spanish men. A quantitative analysis based on census data, 1900-1970

This paper presents a historical examination of employment in old age in Spain, in order to characterize this labour segment and identify and analyse its specific problems. One of these problems is the life-cycle deskilling process, already shown for certain national cases. This study explores whether this hypothesis also holds in Spain. The perspective used is essentially quantitative, as our analysis is based on the age-profession tables in Spanish population censuses from 1900 to 1970.

Sistema fiscal y reforma de la Seguridad Social

El presente trabajo analiza desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, mediante un modelo de equilibrio general de generaciones sucesivas, los efectos sobre la economía española de eliminar el actual sistema de Seguridad Social e implantar uno de capitalización. El análisis considera el proceso de transición y mide en términos de bienestar, quiénes son los agentes que se opondrían a este tipo de reforma. La consideración de la interacción entre el sistema de seguridad social y el sistema fiscal implica mayores beneficios asociados a una reforma de la seguridad social. Sin embargo, este tipo de reforma sigue generando pérdidas de bienestar para la mayoría de agentes vivos en el momentodel inicio de la reforma, existiendo un sesgo en favor del status quo.

'Biased' Risk Perceptions of Longevity and Disability in Old Age

Rational learning theories postulate that information channels and cognitive biases such as individual optimism may influence an individual¿s assessment of the risk of undesired events, especially with regard to those that have a cumulative nature. This is the case with disability in old age, which may take place upon survival to an advanced age, and such factors have been regarded as responsible for certain individual behaviours (for example, the limited incidence of insurance purchase). This paper examines the determinants of individual perceptions with regard to disability in old age and longevity. The cumulative nature of such perceptions of risk is tested, and potential biases are identified, including `optimism¿ and a set of information determinants. Empirical evidence from a representative survey of Catalonia is presented to illustrate these effects. The findings from this research suggest a significant overestimation of disability in old age, yet this is not the case with longevity. Furthermore, individual perceptions with regard to disability in old age, unlike those with regard to longevity, exhibit on aggregate an `optimistic bias¿ and, are perceived as `cumulative risks¿. Gender influences the perceived risk of disability in old age at a population level but not at the individual level, and the opposite holds true for age. Finally, self-reported health status is the main variable behind risk perceptions at both the individual and population level.

Quality of life, happiness and satisfaction with life of individuals 75 years old or older cared for by a home health care program

This case study identifies the elements that compose the Quality of Life (QofL) of individuals who were 75 years old or older and receive care at home. The study's sample was composed of individuals 75 years or older cared for by a home health care service in the primary health care unit in Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain (n=26). The variables included: a) socio-demographic data; b) concept of QofL; c) perception of QofL; d) reasons for their perception; d) satisfaction with life and related aspects; and f) feeling of happiness. Face to face interviews were conducted. A total of 76.9% of the individuals reported a good perception of QofL and the main reasons related to it were: health, family and social relationships, and the ability to adapt. Role Theory and Disengagement Theory explain the adaptation process of these individuals at this point in life.

Calidad de vida, felicidad y satisfacción con la vida en personas ancianas de 75 años atendidas en un programa de atención domiciliaria

Se objetivó detectar los elementos que participan en la Calidad de Vida (CV) de las personas mayores de 75 años que reciben cuidados domiciliarios. El diseño fue de un estudio de caso. La muestra del estudio la configuraron las personas con 75 años o más, atendidos por el servicio de Atención Domiciliaria del Área Básica de Vilafranca del Penedès (n=26). Las variables fueron: a) datos socio demográficos, b) concepto de CV; c) percepción de CV, d) motivos; e) satisfacción con la vida y aspectos relacionados; f) sentimiento de felicidad. Se aplicó la técnica de la entrevista cara a cara. El 76,9% presentó una buena percepción de CV y los principales elementos relacionados fueron la salud, las relaciones familiares y sociales y la adaptación. La teoría de los roles y la teoría de la desvinculación explican el proceso de adaptación de estos individuos en esa etapa de la vida.

Quality of life, happiness and satisfaction with life of individuals 75 years old or older cared for by a home health care program

This case study identifies the elements that compose the Quality of Life (QofL) of individuals who were 75 years old or older and receive care at home. The study's sample was composed of individuals 75 years or older cared for by a home health care service in the primary health care unit in Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain (n=26). The variables included: a) socio-demographic data; b) concept of QofL; c) perception of QofL; d) reasons for their perception; d) satisfaction with life and related aspects; and f) feeling of happiness. Face to face interviews were conducted. A total of 76.9% of the individuals reported a good perception of QofL and the main reasons related to it were: health, family and social relationships, and the ability to adapt. Role Theory and Disengagement Theory explain the adaptation process of these individuals at this point in life.

Calidad de vida, felicidad y satisfacción con la vida en personas ancianas de 75 años atendidas en un programa de atención domiciliaria

Se objetivó detectar los elementos que participan en la Calidad de Vida (CV) de las personas mayores de 75 años que reciben cuidados domiciliarios. El diseño fue de un estudio de caso. La muestra del estudio la configuraron las personas con 75 años o más, atendidos por el servicio de Atención Domiciliaria del Área Básica de Vilafranca del Penedès (n=26). Las variables fueron: a) datos socio demográficos, b) concepto de CV; c) percepción de CV, d) motivos; e) satisfacción con la vida y aspectos relacionados; f) sentimiento de felicidad. Se aplicó la técnica de la entrevista cara a cara. El 76,9% presentó una buena percepción de CV y los principales elementos relacionados fueron la salud, las relaciones familiares y sociales y la adaptación. La teoría de los roles y la teoría de la desvinculación explican el proceso de adaptación de estos individuos en esa etapa de la vida.

Quality of life, happiness and satisfaction with life of individuals 75 years old or older cared for by a home health care program

This case study identifies the elements that compose the Quality of Life (QofL) of individuals who were 75 years old or older and receive care at home. The study's sample was composed of individuals 75 years or older cared for by a home health care service in the primary health care unit in Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain (n=26). The variables included: a) socio-demographic data; b) concept of QofL; c) perception of QofL; d) reasons for their perception; d) satisfaction with life and related aspects; and f) feeling of happiness. Face to face interviews were conducted. A total of 76.9% of the individuals reported a good perception of QofL and the main reasons related to it were: health, family and social relationships, and the ability to adapt. Role Theory and Disengagement Theory explain the adaptation process of these individuals at this point in life.

Valoració qualitativa de la salut oral d'una població institucionalitzada de la tercera edat

La construcció cultural i social de la salut/malaltia oral i del dolor associat en residents de la tercera edat. Què entenen i què significa per a ells la salut oral?

Successful ageing and development: the contribution of generativity in older age

This paper examines the contributions that generativity in older age may make to the concept of successful ageing. To this end, two perspectives on successful ageing are described: successful ageing as a set of clinical criteria, and successful ageing as the application of adaptive processes aimed at achieving efficient functioning. After showing the limitations of the first perspective, particularly from a developmental point of view, the paper argues that the adaptive version of successful ageing helps to put ageing into a developmental frame, but needs to be complemented by identifying specific content and goals that guide these adaptive processes and establish new feasible gains for older people. Generativity in older age could play that role and provides a conceptual framework that enriches the concept of successful ageing, both by emphasising the social context in which people age and by highlighting a personal growth component.

El sistema de pensiones en España

El present treball descriu algunes de les característiques del model de pensions de jubilació vigent a Espanya i analitza els factors rellevants en el moment de jutjar la seva sostenibilitat i adequació a l'actual situació econòmica, pressupostària i laboral. L'estudi fa també una breu referència a la configuració del sistema a d'altres països i a les qüestions a considerar quan es pensa en la introducció de canvis en el model.