Ruumiinkuvia! : Suomalainen performanssi- ja kehotaide 1980- ja1990-luvulla psykoanalyysin valossa

My PhD-thesis Body Images! Psychoanalytical Analysis of Finnish Performance and Body Art in the 1980s and 1990s considers Finnish performance and body art performed mainly by visual artists. In Part I, I chart the historical construction of performance art and its extension since the beginning of the 21st century. There are several wievs of the historical background of performance art. I introduce three different genealogies of performance art. One is Rose-Lee Goldberg s view. She connects performance art with the European avant-garde already at the beginning of the 20th century from futurists and dadaists to Russian avant-garde and the Bauhaus. I prefer to present performance art as contemporary art, which began to take shape in connection with visual arts in the 1950s and 1960s. The focus on the body is apparent in nearly all performance art. Nevertheless, throug the concept of body art I want to empasize the artist s body as the place of art. Body art (as part of performance art) functions as thematic and interpretive concept, which allows me to focus on performances where the questions of body image, narcissism, desire, language and pleasure are incorporated in particular intensive ways. In Part II, I explore the arrival of performance art in Finnish visual arts in the 1980s. I study the new generation s relation to earlier Finnish happenings (1960s) and performative actions in 1970 s. I briefly introduce performance groups of the 1980s art scene and consider their reception in media. The main focus is on the group Jack Helen Brut, in which I see many similarities to the so- called Theatre of Images. The goal of this part II is to provide historical context for the performance analysis that follows. In Part III, I develop the concept of body image which is my main theoretical term. The concept of body image is used according to Lacanian psychoanalytical theory, especially his considerations of mirror stages. My first mapping of body image, which I call imaginary body image, is based on Lacan s famous mirror stage article (1949). According to my reading, body image is narcistic and aggressive. The important concepts here are ego, imaginary, méconnaisance and alienation. In 1953 Lacan began to develop different version on mirror stage, in which he emphasized the primacy of symbolic dimension. It is not image, but language which constructs the foundations of body image. Central concepts in this chater are Other as language, ego-ideal, demand and desire. In the last chapter I connect the third version of the mirror stage to concepts of gaze, phantasy, real, jouissance and object a. In previous chapters I had considered body image in relation to ego. Now I explore it in relation to subject. In my reading the body image is fragile phenomen, which oscillates between yearning for coherence and phantasies of fragmented images. Part IV of the thesis begins with an introduction to the central concepts and debates in performace studies over the last few decades. Important concepts are presence, performativity and theatricality. The main substance of my thesis, however, is the performance analysis, which focuses on works by three Finnish artists and one Finnish group. The first analysis concerns the performance (1992) of Kimmo Schroderus. I discuss the relationship between narcissism and body art and the changes in demands projected on body images of men in recent decades in a Euro-American context. I also explore this performance in relation to the myth of Narcissus, which I reinterpret through Narcissus s aggression against his own body. The group Homo S is the main subject of the next analysis. I discuss the relationship between feminist art and performance art, especially in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. Homo S is different from this early performance art because of its anarchism, humor and rejection of all ideals. Homo S characterizes its performance Body Body (1983) as liberating vulgar feminism . Sociality and performance of erotic relations between women are central in Body Body. Pia Lindman s performances are the subjects of my third analysis. I study three of her performances: Olen muoto (1993), 17 and in love (1994) and Arranged views (1995). I interpret these performances as efforts to disperse the imaginary and symbolic structures of the body image. She constructs the peculiar object a and phantasy space of her own. In the last analysis I move from questions of image and gaze to a study of language, sound and jouissance. I discuss at a general level the performance of orality and helplesness (Hilflosigkeit) in body art. The central elements in Pentti Otto Koskinen s performances are the ear, listening and receptive gestures and postions. Perseveraatio (1998) can be understood representing as submission to the super-ego s power, which compels one to enjoy. I examine particularly closely the performance Maissi on hyvää ei missään nimessä maissia (1995), which I interpret as the return of a baby s body image to the liminal site of choice: language or jouissance?

Suomalaiset antisankarit : Suomalaisuusdiskurssi kolmessa 1980-luvun elokuvassa

Tutkimuksen aiheena on suomalaisuusdiskurssi elokuvissa Täältä tullaan, elämä! (1980, ohjaus Tapio Suominen), Ajolähtö (1982, ohjaus Mikko Niskanen) ja Arvottomat (1982, ohjaus Mika Kaurismäki). Tutkimuksen kohteena ovat elokuvien sisältö ja aikalaisten lehdistöarviot elokuvista. Elokuvia analysoidaan kahdella tasolla: pintatasolla jossa tutkitaan elokuvien kerrontaa ja tyyliä ja syvemmällä tasolla, jossa tutkitaan elokuvien merkitysrakenteita semiotiikan ja analyyttisen psykologian keinoin. Elokuvatekstien pintatason tutkimuksessa käytän päälähteenä David Bordwellin ja Kirstin Thompsonin kirjaa Film Art: An Introduction (1990, 3. ed.). Merkitysrakenteiden analyysissa käytän Algirdas Julien Greimasin semanttista neliötä ja aktanttikaavaa ja Ronald Barthesin teorioita kirjasta Mytologioita (1957/1994). Elokuvien sankaruuden tutkimisessa sovelletaan Carl Gustav Jungin teorioita kollektiivisesta alitajunnasta ja sankarin arkkityypistä. Suomalaisuusdiskurssin analyysissa käytän pohjana Michel Foucaultin teosta The Archaeology of knowledge (1972/1985) ja samaa teokseen teoreettisesti paljolti pohjautuvaa Päivi Rantasen teosta Suolatut säkeet. Suomen ja suomalaisten diskursiivinen muotoutuminen 1600-luvulta Topeliukseen (1997). Rantasen teos tuo tutkittavien elokuvien suomalaisuusdiskurssin analyysiin historiallista perspektiiviä. Kontekstina elokuva-analyyseille tarkastelen myös elokuvateollisuuden rakennemuutoksia 1980-luvulla ja elokuva-arvosteluja. Suomalaisuusdiskurssi korostuu elokuvien sovittamattomissa ristiriidoissa. Elokuvien kerronnan ja tyylin, narratiivisen merkitysrakenteen ja jungilaisen analyysin tutkimustuloksina on, että elokuvien sisäisistä ristiriidoista voi havaita suomalaisuusdiskurssin pyrkimystä muutokseen. Elokuvien realistisuus sitoo elokuvia perinteiseen topeliaanis-runebergiläiseen suomalaisuuteen, mutta elokuvissa on myös uudenlaisia suomalaisuustulkintoja jotka tulevat ilmi päähenkilöiden toiminnan kautta. Elokuvien analyysi osoittaa, että elokuvien suomalaisuusdiskurssi ei ole vielä valmis täysin sisäistämään muun muassa kansainvälistymistä (Ajolähtö) ja yksilöllisempää suomalaisuutta (Täältä tullaan, elämä! ja Arvottomat). Tarve uudenlaiseen suomalaisuuden määrittelyyn kuitenkin näkyy sekä elokuvateksteissä että elokuva-arvosteluissa. Tutkimusta voisi jatkaa analysoimalla eri aikakausien elokuvia ja vertailemalla niiden suomalaisuusdiskurssia toisiinsa.

Ainasta Sariin ja Otosta Kimmoon : Suomenkielistä homonyymiparista etunimistä 1800-luvun lopulta noin vuoteen 1980

Tutkielma selvittää homonyymiparisten suomalaisten etunimien suosionvaihtelua eri aikoina eri alueilla. Tarkastelu rajoittuu ajanjaksoon 1800-luvun lopulta noin vuoteen 1980. Tarkoituksenani on kuvata myös sitä ympäristöä, jossa nimenantajat ovat valintansa tehneet. Nimen on hyväksytyksi tullakseen noudatettava yhteisön senhetkisiä nimimalleja. Kulttuurissa tapahtuvat muutokset heijastuvat henkilönnimistöön, esimerkiksi varsinaisista etunimistä voi puhua vasta sitten, kun nimijärjestelmään kuuluu lisäksi sukunimi tai säännöllisesti käytetty lisänimi. Homonyymiparisella etunimellä tarkoitan sellaista etunimenä käytettyä tai sellaiseksi tarkoitettua propria, jolla on Nykysuomen sanakirjan mukaan yleiskielessä sitä äänteellisesti vastaava ei-proprinen, merkityksellinen sana. Tätä kutsun proprin homonyymipariksi. Nimen rinnalla olevan homonyymin merkitys ei useinkaan sinänsä ole vakiinnuttanut nimeä, mutta on nimiryhmiä, joiden homonyymiparit muodostavat merkityskenttiä: Ilta (< Mathilda) on saanut tukea nimistä Aamu ja Päivä. (Huom. *Yö ei ole etunimi.) Ajanjaksojen homonyymipariset suosikkinimet muistuttavat toisiaan ja ovat rakenteeltaan toistensa ja samaan aikaan suosiossa olleiden muiden nimien kanssa samankaltaisia.

Changes in the Activities of two membrane-bound enzymes during solar eclipse on February 16, 1980

ON Saturday February 16, 1980 total solar eclipse Occurred for a period of 2-3 min in a belt of 135 km during the eclipse from 14'17 to 17'00 hrs across peninsular India. The city of Bangalore, being just outside this belt, had witnessed 92% eclipse for about 2. 1/2 min at the peak period of 15.44 hr at which time a temperature drop of 2' C and a considerable dimness of the light were experienced. In view of the interest in our laboratory on biochemical adaptation under conditions of environmental stress, we designed an experiment to study the possible changes in enzyme activities during the solar eclipse on February 16, 1980.

Oidiopsis (Erysiphaceae) on Euphorbia spp. in Australia and Vanuatu

One specimen of powdery mildew on Euphorbia cyathophora from Vanuatu and 11 specimens on E. cyathophora, E. dentata, E. heterophylla and E. leucocephala from Australia were studied. All were shown to represent the Oidiopsis anamorph of Leveillula taurica, which is described. This is the first record of Oidiopsis in Vanuatu. E. leucocephala is a new host record for this powdery mildew.

Geographic and Phenotypic Variation in Heartwood and Essential-Oil Characters in Natural Populations of Santalum austrocaledonicum in Vanuatu.

Phenotypic variation in heartwood and essential-oil characters of Santalum austrocaledonicum was assessed across eleven populations on seven islands of Vanuatu Trees differed significantly in their percentage heartwood cross-sectional area and this varied independently of stem diameter The concentrations of the four major essential-oil constituents (alpha-santalol, beta-santalol. (Z)-beta-curcumen-12-ol, and cis-nuciferol) of alcohol-extracted heartwood exhibited at least tenfold and continuous tree-to-tree variation Commercially important components alpha- and beta-santalol found in individual trees ranged from 0 8-47% and 0-24 1%, respectively, across all populations, and significant (P < 0 05) differences for each were found between Individual populations. The Erromango population was unique in that the mean concentrations of its monocyclic ((Z)-beta-curcumen-12-ol and cis-nuciferol) sesquiterpenes exceeded those of Its bi- and tricyclic (alpha- and beta-santalol) sesquiterpenes Heartwood colour varied between trees and spanned 65 colour categories, but no identifiable relationships were found between heartwood colour and alpha- and beta-santalol, although a weak relationship was evident between colour saturation and total oil concentration These results indicate that the heartwood colour is not a reliable predictive trait for oil quality The results of this study highlight the knowledge gaps in fundamental understanding of heartwood biology in Santalum genus The intraspecific variation in heartwood cross-sectional area. oil concentration. and oil quality traits is of considerable importance to the domestication of sandalwood and present opportunities for the development of highly superior S austrocaledonicum cultivars that conform to the industry's International Standards used for S album.

ACIAR SCU-lead Silvicultural Management Whitewood (Vanuatu) FST/2005/089

Production of a silvicultural manual for Vanuatu Whitewood.

ACIAR Scoping Study on disease and agronomic issues - Vanuatu

ACIAR Scoping Study on disease and agronomic issues - Vanuatu.

Harry Bergholz Collection 1938-1980

Correspondence between Harry Bergholz and Hermann Ascher (1938-1969), Genia Einzig (1946-1958), Norbert Gebel (1956-1980), and Richard Hessberg (1947-1958).

Seasonal Greeting token-1980

Obverse: In the center stylized inscription. Reverse: Emblem of the Israel Government Coins and Medals Corporation.

Immigrants Mutual Aid Society, Inc. records, undated, 1938-1980.

Contains the papers of the Society founded in 1938 by recent German speaking Jewish immigrants to Boston to assist their initial adjustment to the economic, cultural, spiritual, and social life of the American community and subsequently, to provide mutual assistance to its membership and aid to other immigrants.

Julius Bisno collection, undated, 1780, 1801-1980.

Jewish organization executive. Primarily autographs, photos, writings, speeches, and biographical material, collected by Bisno, relating to ca. 120 Jews who have attained prominence in American public life; together with papers (1923-32) from Congregation Talmud Torah of Los Angeles, letters (1928-37) relating to other Jewish organizations in Los Angeles, and 3 letters of Stephen S. Wise, dealing with the general Jewish situation in Europe in 1933 and with the question of Jewish participation in the 1936 Olympic games. Persons represented include Benjamin N. Cardozo, Abe Fortas, Felix Frankfurter, Henry Horner, Herbert H. Lehman, and Lewis L. Strauss.

Lion Eppenstein Collection (Lublinitz) 1798-1980

Documents pertaining to the protected Jew Lion Eppenstein in Berlin; 1798-1813

Itämafia : Uhkakuvapolitiikka, rikosilmiöt ja kulttuuriset merkitykset

The Eastern Mafia Threat policy, crime phenomena, and cultural meanings An interdisciplinary research on the crime phenomena and the threat policy relating to the organized crime and the mafia of Russia and Estonia is based on 151 expert interviews, statistics, documents, research literature, and press material. The main part of the material consists of interviews of the Finnish, Estonian and Russian police authorities specialized in the problem of organized crime, and the reports on the crime situation drawn up in the Finnish diplomatic representations in Tallinn and St Petersburg. The interviews have been gathered in the years 1996-2001. The main theoretical tools of the research are constructivist research on social problems, and political psychology. Definitional processes of social problems and cultural semantic structures behind them are identified in the analysis and connected to the analysis of the crime cases. Both in the Anglo-American and Russian cultural frames there appears an inflated and exaggerated talk, according to which the mafia rules everything in Russia and is spreading everywhere. There is the traditional anti-Semitic paranoia in the core of this cultural symbiosis produced by Russian legal nihilism, the theory of totalitarianism of Sovietology, and the inertia of Russian anti-capitalism. To equate the Sicilian Mafia with Russia is an anachronism, since no empirical proof of systematic uncontrolled violence or absolute power vacuum in Russia can be found. In the Anglo-American policy of threat images, "the Russian mafia" was seen as a commodified conspiracy theory, which the police, the media, and the research took advantage of, blurring the line between fact and fiction. In Finland, the evolution of the policy of threat images proceeded in three phases: Initially, extensive rolling of refugees and criminals from Russia to Finland was emphasized in the beginning of the 1990's. In the second phase, the eastern mafia was said to infiltrate all over Finnish society and administration. Finland was, however, found immune to this kind of spreading. In the third phase, in the 21st century, the organized crime of Finland was said to be lead from abroad. In Finland, the policy of threat images was especially canalised to moral panics connected to "eastern prostitution". In Estonia, the policy of threat images emphasized the crime organized by the Russian authorities and politicians in order to weaken Estonia. In Russia, the policy of threat images emphasized the total criminalizing of society caused by criminal capitalism. In every country, the policy of threat images was affected by a so-called large-group identity, a term by Vamik Volkan, in which a so-called chosen trauma caused a political paranoia of an outer and inner danger. In Finland, procuring, car theft, and narcotics crimes were at their widest arranged by the Finnish often with the help of the Estonians. The Russians had no influence in the most serious violent crimes in Finland, although the number of assassinations were at least 5, 000 in Russia in the 1990's. In Russia, the assassinations were on one hand connected to marital problems, on the other hand to the pursuit of public attention and a hoped-for effect by the aid of the murder of an influential person. In the white-collar crime phenomena between Finland and Russia, the Finnish state and Finnish corporations gained remarkable benefit of the frauds aimed at the states of the Soviet Union and Russia in 1980's-21st century. The situation of Estonia was very difficult compared to that of Russia in the 1990's, which was manifested in the stagnation of the Estonian police and judicial authorities, the crimes of the police and the voluntary paramilitary organization, bomb explosions, the rebellion called "the jaeger crisis" in the voluntary paramilitary organization, and the "blood autumn" of Eastern Virumaa, in other words terror. The situation of Estonia had a powerful effect on the crime situation of Finland and on the security of the Finnish diplomats. In the continuum of the Finnish policy of threat images, Russia and the Russians were, however, presented as a source of a marked danger.