Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of shells from Radix sp. in lakes across the Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), including its surrounding mountain ranges, represents the largest store of ice outside the polar regions. It hosts numerous lakes as well as the head waters of major Asian rivers, on which billions of people depend, and it is particularly sensitive to climate change. The moisture transport to the TP is controlled by the Indian and Pacific monsoon and the Westerlies. Understanding the evolution of the interaction of these circulation systems requires studies on climate archives in different spatial and temporal contexts. The objective of this study is to learn more about the interannual variability of precipitation patterns across the TP and how different hydrologic systems react to different climatic factors. Aragonite shells of the aquatic gastropod Radix, which is widely distributed in the region, may represent suitable archives for inferring hydrologic and climatic signals in particularly high resolution. Therefore, sclerochronological studies of d18O and d13C ratios in Radix shells from seven lakes were conducted, each representing a different hydrologic and climatic setting, on a transect from the Pamirs across the TP. The shell patterns exhibit an increasing influence of precipitation and a decreasing influence of evaporation on the isotope compositions from west to east. d18O values of shells from lakes on the eastern and central TP (Donggi Cona, Yamdrok Yumco, Tarab Co) mirror monsoon signals, indicated by more negative values and higher variabilities compared to the more western lakes (Karakul, Bangong/Nyak, Manasarovar). In Yadang Co, located on the central southern TP, the monsoon rains did not reach the lake in the sampling year, although it is located in a region which is usually affected by monsoon circulation. The d18O values are used to differentiate the annual hydrological cycle into ice cover period, melt water period, precipitation period and evaporation period. d13C compositions in the shells particularly depend on specific habitats, which vary in biological productivity and in carbon sources. d18O and d13C patterns show a positive covariance in shells originating from large closed basins. The results show that Radix shells mirror general climatic differences between the seven lake regions. These differences reflect both regional and local climate signals in sub-seasonal resolution, without noticeable dependence on the particular lake system.

Lower to middle Miocene calcareous nannofossil events from the Ontong Java Plateau

Uppermost Oligocene through middle Miocene calcareous nannofossil events that were considered potentially useful from a biostratigraphic point of view have been investigated from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 806 and 807 in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. Comparisons have been made to the corresponding events from other equatorial regions and the mid-latitude North Atlantic. In terms of biostratigraphic reliability, defined by the ability of the pertinent species to provide distinctive marker events and synchroneity over geographic distance, the investigated events can be classified into four general categories: The good markers: last occurrence (LO) Sphenolithus ciperoensis, first occurrence (FO) S. delphix, LO S. delphix, FO S. belemnos, LO S. belemnos, FO S. heteromorphus, termination acme (TA) Discoaster deflandrei, and LO Sphenolithus heteromorphus. The poor markers: LO Helicosphaera recta, TA Cyclicargolithus abisectus, LO Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus, and FO Calcidiscus macintyrei. Ecologically controlled markers with regional value: LO Dictyococcites bisectus, LO Helicosphaera ampliaperta, FO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, LO Cyclicargolithus floridanus, and LO Coronocyclus nitescens. The low abundance markers: FO Discoaster druggii, gradational form of Sphenoliths dissimilis/Sphenolithus belemnos, FO Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus, and FO T. rioensis.

Paleomagnetic investigation of Early Creatceous Ontong Java Plateau basalts

We present paleomagnetic data from basaltic pillow and lava flows drilled at four Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 192 sites through the Early Cretaceous (~120 Ma) Ontong Java Plateau (OJP). Altogether 270 samples (out of 331) yielded well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization components all of which have negative inclinations, i.e. normal polarity. Dividing data into inclination groups we obtain 5, 7, 14 and 15 independent inclination estimates for the four sites. Statistical analysis suggests that paleosecular variation has been sufficiently sampled and site-mean inclinations therefore represent time-averaged fields. Of particular importance is the finding that all four site-mean inclinations are statistically indistinguishable, strongly supporting indirect seismic observation from the flat-lying sediments blanketing the OJP that the studied basalts have suffered little or no tectonic disturbance since their emplacement. Moreover, the corresponding paleomagnetic paleolatitudes agree excellently with paleomagnetic data from a previous ODP site (Site 807) drilled into the northern portion of the OJP. Two important conclusions can be drawn based on the presented dataset: (i) the Leg 192 combined mean inclination (Inc.=-41.4°, N=41, kappa= 66.0, alpha95 =2.6°) is inconsistent with the Early Cretaceous part of the Pacific apparent polar wander path, indicating that previous paleomagnetic poles derived mainly from seamount magnetic anomaly modeling must be used with care; (ii) the Leg 192 paleomagnetic paleolatitude for the central OJP is ~20° north of the paleogeographic location calculated from Pacific hotspot tracks assuming the hotspots have remained fixed. The difference between paleomagnetic and hotspot calculated paleolatitudes cannot be explained by true polar wander estimates derived from other lithospheric plates and our results are therefore consistent with and extend recent paleomagnetic studies of younger hotspot features in the northern Pacific Ocean that suggest Late Cretaceous to Eocene motion of Pacific hotspots.

Late Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal assemblages from the Exmouth Plateau, ODP Sites 122-762 and 122-763, eastern Indian Ocean

The evolution of planktonic foraminifera during the Late Cretaceous is marked in the Santonian by the disappearance of complex morphotypes (the marginotruncanids), and the contemporary increasing importance and diversification of another group of complex taxa, the globotruncanids. Upper Turonian to lower Campanian planktonic foraminiferal assemblages from Holes 762C and 763B (Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 122, Exmouth Plateau, 47°S palaeolatitude) were studied in detail to evaluate the compositional variations at the genus and species level based on the assumption that, in the Cretaceous oceans as in the modern, any faunal change was associated with changes in the characteristics and the degree of stability of the oceanic surface waters. Three major groups were recognised based on gross morphology, and following the assumption that Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera, although extinct, had life-history strategies comparable to those of modern planktonics: 1 - r-selected opportunists; 2 - k-selected specialists; 3 - r/k intermediate morphotypes which include all genera that display a range of trophic strategies in-between opportunist and specialist taxa. Although planktonic foraminiferal assemblages are characterised by a progressive appearance of complex taxa, this trend is discontinuous. Variation in number of species and specimens within genera has allowed recognition of five discrete intervals each of them reflecting different oceanic conditions based on fluctuations in diversity and abundance of the major morphotypes. Planktonic forms show cyclical fluctuations in diversity and abundance of cold (r-strategists) and warm taxa (k-strategists), perhaps representing alternating phases of unstable conditions (suggesting a weakly stratified upper water column in a mesotrophic environment), and well-stratified surface and near-surface waters (indicating a more oligotrophic environment). Interval 1, middle Turonian to early Coniacian in age, is dominated by the r/k intermediate morphotypes which alternate with r-strategists. These cyclical alternations are used to identify three additional subintervals. Interval 2, aged middle to late Coniacian, is characterised by the increasing number of species and relative abundance of k-strategists. After this maximum diversification the k-strategists show a progressive decrease reaching a minimum value in Interval 3 (early to late Santonian), which corresponds to the extinction of the genus Marginotruncana. In the Interval 4, latest Santonian in age, the k-strategists, represented mainly by the genera Globotruncana, increase again in diversity and abundance. The last Interval 5 (early Campanian) is dominated by juvenile globotruncanids and r-strategists which fluctuate in opposite phase. The positive peak (Interval 2) related to the maximum diversification of warm taxa (k-strategists) in the Coniacian seems to correspond to a warmer episode. It is followed by a marked decrease in the relative abundance of warm taxa (k-strategists crisis) with a minimum in the late Santonian (Interval 3), reflecting a decrease in temperature. Detailed analysis of faunal variations allows the Santonian faunal turnover to be ascribed to a cooling event strong enough to cause the extinction of the marginotruncanids.

Aptian to Cenomanian dinoflagellate cysts from the Mazagan Plateau

Eighty-eight samples of Aptian to lower Cenomanian sediments of Sites 545 and 547, DSDP Leg 79, from the Mazagan Plateau area (offshore Northwest Africa) were analyzed for palynomorphs. The very rich dinoflagellate cyst assemblages make it possible to narrow shipboard age determinations and to correlate Sites 545 and 547. The distribution of 174 dinoflagellate cyst taxa is tabulated in this study and the biostratigraphic value of selected dinoflagellate cysts is discussed. Additional taxonomic remarks are made about some species. The new dinoflagellate cyst species Aptea almohadensis, Occisucysta hinzü, O. mazaganensis, and the subspecies Maghrebinia perforata (Clarke and Verdier, 1967) Below, 1981 ssp. mirabilis are described.

Chemical composition of oxide-phosphorite pavement from the Blake Plateau under various preparation treatment

Sample preparation technique is critical for valid chemical analyses. A main source of error comes from the fact that the great specific surface area of crusts or nodules enhances their tendency to retain or attract hygroscopic moisture. Variable treatment of this moisture can in extreme cases lead to analytical value differences as great as 40-50 %. In order to quantify these influences, samples of ferromanganese oxide-phosphorite pavement from the Blake Plateau have been subjected to various drying techniques before analysis using X-ray fluorescence.

Les plateaux de carrière : élaboration d'une grille afin d'identifier le plateau de carrière et établissement des liens avec la congruence des intérêts

Cette étude vise à établir des liens entre la situation de plafonnement de carrière et l'incongruence vocationnelle. De façon plus spécifique, il s'agit de vérifier, au moyen d'une étude, la relation entre la situation de plafonnement de carrière, largement étudiée jusqu'à présent par plusieurs auteurs et la congruence des intérêts. Ces auteurs s'interrogent sur la question des ressources humaines (tels par exemple Tremblay, Cardinal, Lamoureux, Hoyt, Charest) de laquelle, nous tenterons d'établir la congruence des intérêts professionnels en lien avec la typologie de Holland. Holland prévoit (6) six types: Réaliste (R), Investigateur (I), Artistique (A), Social (S), Entreprenant (E), et Conventionnel (C). Ces types peuvent être octroyés sur deux plans distinctifs. Il est en effet possible de définir le patron typologique sur les plans environnemental et individuel. C'est à partir de ces deux patrons typologiques, constitués de trois lettres, qu'on établira la correspondance entre les données provenant de l'individu et de l'environnement. C'est donc à partir de celles-ci que l'on peut calculer le niveau de congruence, en appliquant l'indice de lachan qui constitue une mesure de congruence. Deux instruments de mesure inclus dans une batterie d'inventaires seront donc proposés à soixante travailleurs de la Ville de Montréal. Il s'agit premièrement d'une grille d'évaluation élaborée à partir de critères spécifiques issus d'enquêtes différentes liées au plafonnement de carrière. L'instrument de mesure comporte sept échelles : le temps et l'âge, des informations relatives au travail, le positionnement par rapport aux collègues de travail, l'impact du changement sur l'individu, les rémunérations et • conditions salariales, la formation, les intérêts et loisirs reliées à la profession. Le plafonnement de carrière tel que nous le percevons, constitue un concept complexe nécessitant une vision systémique ; c'est-à-dire que le problème doit être considéré dans son ensemble, à savoir l'individu et son environnement. La deuxième étape consiste en la passation de l'inventaire des préférences professionnelles, abrégé (I.P.P.A.). Pour chacune des personnes évaluées, un patron typologique de l'environnement professionnel sera établi à partir du Codes Holland pour C. C. D. P. Les résultats obtenus par l'intermédiaire de l'I.P.P A. et transférés en types par l'intermédiaire du Guide : Codes Holland pour C.C.D.P., seront soumis à l'indice de lachan qui évalue la congruence entre deux séries de données. Le score du niveau de congruence sera par la suite confronté au score obtenu par l'intermédiaire de la grille/questionnaire par une simple corrélation. De cette façon, nous pourrons établir les liens et ainsi vérifier l'hypothèse de recherche. Cette recherche se propose donc d'identifier des plateaux de carrière à l'aide de la grille/questionnaire, pour ensuite vérifier s'il existe véritablement des liens entre la situation de plafonnement de carrière et la congruence d'intérêts. Cette démarche tend à confirmer l'hypothèse suivante : l'incongruence entre les intérêts individuels et ceux du milieu est responsable du plafonnement de carrière. En ce sens, elle entraîne entre autres une démotivation de l'individu à s'impliquer dans son travail, à mettre ses connaissances à jour. La présence du plafonnement de carrière peut décourager l'organisation et l'entourage immédiat de travail à justifier un accroissement des responsabilités ou toutes autres mobilités. Cette situation peut entraîner un malaise important tant chez l'employé que dans l'environnement de travail. La méthodologie proposée permet d'envisager la problématique sous différents angles, • étant donné que le plafonnement de carrière est à la fois la cause et l'effet d'un ensemble de facteurs difficilement mesurables.