Contribuição de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares autóctones no crescimento de Guazuma ulmifolia em solo de cerrado degradado

Ensaios foram conduzidos, em casa de vegetação, com solos de pastagem degradada reflorestada e cerrado preservado (controle) visando avaliar a contribuição de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) autóctones no crescimento de mutambo (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamb.). As mudas foram transplantadas para sacos de plástico (2 kg) com substratos esterilizados na proporção 4:1 (solo:areia), e o tratamento inoculado recebeu 300 esporos de FMA por saco. A inoculação não proporcionou aumento significativo na produção da matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria fresca das raízes e altura da planta, sugerindo que a G. ulmifolia não é responsiva à micorrização.

Evidence of higher photosynthetic plasticity in the early successional Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. compared to the late successional Hymenaea courbaril L. grown in contrasting light environments

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Controle de qualidade dos extratos polares de Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult., Turneraceae

Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de metodologia para o controle de qualidade dos extratos etanólicos e infusão de Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult., Turneraceae, usando como marcadores os compostos fenólicos. Essa espécie é usada popularmente como afrodisíaca e antiulcerogênica. Foram usadas técnicas cromatográficas: CLAE acoplada com detector de ultravioleta e cromatografia em camada delgada. Foram detectados flavonóides como os principais componentes da planta.

Effect of the decontamination using gamma irradiation on the essential oil of Turnera diffusa Wild.

Este trabalho descreve a investigação do óleo essencial, obtido das partes aéreas de Turnera diffusa (Turneraceae) submetida a descontaminação usando irradiação com 60Co (raios gama). As analises dos óleos irradiados nos permite verificar diferenças quali e quantitativa nas amostras de óleos.

Caracterização citogenética em Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Mimosoideae) e Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae)

Análises cariotípicas são importantes ferramentas de auxílio aos estudos de relações taxonômicas dentro dos grupos vegetais. Espécies arbóreas nativas encontradas no cerrado brasileiro têm sido pouco analisadas do ponto de vista citogenético e citotaxonômico. Com o objetivo de determinar o número cromossômico diplóide, a biometria e a morfologia cromossômica de Anadenanthera colubrina (angico-branco) e Guazuma ulmifolia (mutambo), sementes dessas espécies foram coletadas no município de Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. A utilização de 8-hidroxiquinoleína 0,003M a 36ºC, durante três horas possibilitou a separação cromossômica. Coloração Giemsa 2% por três minutos permitiu o estudo cariológico. A classificação cromossômica foi baseada no índice centromérico. Anadenanthera colubrina possui 2n = 26 cromossomos com comprimento cromossômico médio de 1,349 µm ± 0,017 e formulação cariotípica 8SM + 14M + 2T + 2AC. Guazuma ulmifolia apresenta 2n = 16 cromossomos com comprimento médio de 1,225 µm ± 0,023 e formulação cariotípica 4SM + 10M + 2T. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estudos de taxonomia, de manipulação cromossômica, bem como auxiliar na produção de progênies híbridas em programas de melhoramento.

Ontogenic development of Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae) sapplings

Guazuma ulmifolia is as popular reforestation tree all over Latin America. It is characteristic of the initial stages of the secondary sucession and presents potential utility in the restoring of degraded areas. There is no information about fruit,seed and seedling morphology, which is of fundamental importance for identification, extraction, management and seed germination as well as for the characterization of post-seminal development and normal seedling pattern. To obtain such information, external fruit, and external and internal seed structures were studied considering shape, size, micropile and embryo localization; and tegumentar structures. All stages of this work were conduced in the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus of Jaboticabal city. The fruits were collected in a mixed plantation in Jaboticabal city, State of São Paulo, Brazil. For the bio metric study eight repetitions of ten fruits and eight repetitions of 100 seeds were utilized. For seed internal traits study, 50 seeds were drenched in a distiled water, cut, and observed with a scanning electron microscope and a stereomicroscope, For post-seminal study ten repetitions of seven seeds were scarificated chemically with sulphuric acid during 50 min, and placed to germinate ina culture medium, at 30 degrees C, and eight hours of photoperiod. We found elipsoid, woody, indehiscent, pentacarpelar fruits, with a mean lenght of 22.61 mm (diameter 24.88 mm) and 64.0 seeds per fruit. Seed shape varies, mean length is 3.07 mm (width of 2.36 mm). The seed is bitegumented, tegmic, with a continuous, axial and curved embryo. The germination is epigeal and the seedlings are fanerocotiledoneus. Drawings of all stages are included.

Application of low-pressure gas chromatography-ion-trap mass spectrometry to the analysis of the essential oil of Turnera diffusa (Ward.) Urb.

Turnera diffusa Willd. var. afrodisiaca (Ward) Urb. (syn. T. aphrodisiaca) belongs to the family of Turneraceae and is an aromatic plant growing wild in the subtropical regions of America and Africa. It is widely used in the traditional medicine as e.g. anti-cough, diuretic, and aphrodisiac agent. This work presents a 3 min chromatographic analysis using low-pressure (LP) gas chromatography (GC)-ion-trap (IT) mass spectrometry (MS). The combination of a deactivated 0.6 m x 0.10 mm i.d., restrictor with a wide-bore CP-Wax 52 capillary column (10 m x 0.53 mm i.d., 1 mum) reduces the analysis time by a factor of 3-7 in comparison to the use of a conventional narrow bore column. Chromatographic conditions have been optimized to achieve the fastest separation with the highest signal/noise ratio in MS detection. These results allow fast and reliable quality control of the essential oil to be achieved. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Desarrollo ontogénico de plántulas de Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae)

Guazuma ulmifolia is as popular reforestation tree all over Latin America. It is characteristic of the initial stages of the secondary sucession and presents potential utility in the restoring of degraded areas. There is no information about fruit, seed and seedling morphology, which is of fundamental importance for identification, extraction, management and seed germination as well as for the characterization of post-seminal development and normal seedling pattern. To obtain such information, external fruit, and external and internal seed structures were studied considenng shape, size, micropile and embryo localization, and tegumentar structures. All stages of this work were conduced in the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus of Jaboticabal city. The fruits were collected in a mixed plantation in Jaboticabal city, State of São Paulo, Brazil. For the biometric study eight repetitions of ten fruits and eight repetitions of 100 seeds were utilized. For seed internal traits study, 50 seeds were drenched in a distiled water, cut, and observed with a scanning electron microscope and a stereomicroscope. For post-seminal study ten repetitions of seven seeds were scarificated chemically with sulphuric acid during 50 min, and placed to germinate in a culture medium, at 30°C, and eight hours of photoperiod. We found elipsoid, woody, indehiscent, pentacarpelar fruits, with a mean lenght of 22.61 mm (diameter 24.88 mm) and 64.0 seeds per fruit. Seed shape varies, mean length is 3.07 mm (width of 2.36 mm).The seed is bitegumented, tegmic, with a continuous, axial and curved embryo. The germination is epigeal and the seedlings are fanerocotiledoneus. Drawings of all stages are included.

Germinative pretreatments to dormancy break in Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. seeds

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Flavonoids and arbutin from Turnera diffusa

The infusion of the aerial parts of Turnera diffusa was phytochemically examined. Chromatographic procedures led to the isolation of a new flavone glycoside, five known flavonoids and p-arbutin. Structures were determined by 1D- and 2D NMR experiments, as well as ES-MS and UV spectra.

Contribuição ao estudo farmacognóstico da mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia - Sterculiaceae)

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Sterculiaceae, popularly known as mutamba, has a wide geographical distribution, ranging from Mexico to Southern Brazil. The interest in its chemical properties is due to its popular use for hair loss treatment. This activity can be attributed to tannins that have many pharmacological activities such anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, capillary protective action and radical scavenging properties. In the microscopic analysis of barks and leaves, large secretor ducts could be detected among the parenchyma cells, as well as star shaped trichoms on the epidermis. One of the aims of the anatomical study was to detect tissues with polyphenolic compounds. The results indicated two tissues rich in these compounds: the phloematic region and the periderm. Chemical analyses were carried out on the bark and showed the presence of the following chemical groups: flavonoids, tannins, saponins and mucilages.

Divergência genética entre árvores matrizes de Guazuma ulmifolia Lam

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) por meio de diferentes testes de vigor

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FCAV

Osmotic potentials on water uptake and germination of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae) seeds

Osmotic potentials on water uptake and germination of Guazuma Ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae) seeds. This work was carried out in the Germination Lab. of the Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The aims of this work were to determine the water uptake curve and to evaluate the germination of Guazuma ulmifolia seeds subjected to different water potentials. For the water uptake curve, seven replicates of 50 pre-scarified seeds were placed onto paper moistened with 15 mL PEG 6000 solution under the potentials 0 (control), -0.3 and -0.6 MPa at 25o C in the darkness. For the germination assay, four replicates of 50 seeds were subjected to the same above-described conditions; however, one lot of seeds was modified when there was variation in the refractometric index, whereas the remaining ones were kept in the same solutions until the end of the experiment. All three phases of water uptake were detected under 0 and -0.3 MPa; however, phase II was prolonged under -0.6 MPa and germination was not observed. For 0 and -0.3 MPa, the adopted statistical models consisted of asymptotic (phases I and II) and exponential (phase III) functions, y = a*[1 - b*exp (-c*t) + exp (-d + e*(t - t0)]. For -0.6MPa, only the asymptotic function y = a* [1 - b* exp (-c*t)] was used since there was no evidence of germination. The germination final percentage and speed index were lower under -0.3 MPa, mainly when solutions were not replaced; besides, germination was not detected under -0.6 MPa, with or without solution replacement.