Two Consistent Many-Valued Logics for Paraconsistent Phenomena

In this reviewing paper, we recall the main results of our papers [24, 31] where we introduced two paraconsistent semantics for Pavelka style fuzzy logic. Each logic formula a is associated with a 2 x 2 matrix called evidence matrix. The two semantics are consistent if they are seen from 'outside'; the structure of the set of the evidence matrices M is an MV-algebra and there is nothing paraconsistent there. However, seen from "inside,' that is, in the construction of a single evidence matrix paraconsistency comes in, truth and falsehood are not each others complements and there is also contradiction and lack of information (unknown) involved. Moreover, we discuss the possible applications of the two logics in real-world phenomena.

Neoliberalism as an ideology

In order to examine whether the usual identification of neoliberal ideas with an ideological discourse is valid, this paper starts off with an analysis of what Marx terms commodity fetishism in Capital, based on which a certain sense of the concept of ideology may be inferred which would result in its being both true and false. In order to determine whether this definition of ideology may be applied to neoliberal theory, we look at its fundamental features and how they continue with or break away from economic liberalism as studied in Michel Foucault’s Birth of biopolitics. Attention is later moved to the characteristics detected by David Harvey in the socalled flexible accumulation as the latest stage of capitalism which coincides with the political implementation of neoliberal doctrine. At the end of the road travelled, it is hypothesised that this theory would be a form of ideology containing a dimension of both truth and falsehood, in line with Marx’s thought.

La réaction de Gorgias au Poème de Parménide : élaboration d'une rhétorique comme fuite de l'ontologie.

L’objectif principal de ce mémoire de maîtrise sera d’examiner en détails les arguments que Gorgias avance dans le Traité sur le non-être pour supporter sa thèse de l’impossibilité de la connaissance. Ces arguments sont au nombre de trois : a) rien n’est; b) Si quelque chose est, c’est inconnaissable; c) Si c’est connaissable, c’est indémontrable aux autres. En plus de s’attaquer à la thèse parménidienne de la correspondance entre le « penser » (noein) et « l’être » (einai), ces arguments viennent justifier l’art rhétorique. En effet, sans la connaissance qui nous permettrait de départager le vrai du faux, l’être humain n’a plus rien d’autre que ses intérêts personnels et les moyens rhétoriques de les faire triompher. Dans un tel contexte, la rhétorique devient, à proprement parler, la seule science véritablement légitime.

La réaction de Gorgias au Poème de Parménide : élaboration d'une rhétorique comme fuite de l'ontologie

L’objectif principal de ce mémoire de maîtrise sera d’examiner en détails les arguments que Gorgias avance dans le Traité sur le non-être pour supporter sa thèse de l’impossibilité de la connaissance. Ces arguments sont au nombre de trois : a) rien n’est; b) Si quelque chose est, c’est inconnaissable; c) Si c’est connaissable, c’est indémontrable aux autres. En plus de s’attaquer à la thèse parménidienne de la correspondance entre le « penser » (noein) et « l’être » (einai), ces arguments viennent justifier l’art rhétorique. En effet, sans la connaissance qui nous permettrait de départager le vrai du faux, l’être humain n’a plus rien d’autre que ses intérêts personnels et les moyens rhétoriques de les faire triompher. Dans un tel contexte, la rhétorique devient, à proprement parler, la seule science véritablement légitime.

Media Gótico: O Crime e seu Duplo Ficcional na Literatura, TV e Cinema

Crime possesses a dual nature deriving from its portrayal in the media leading to duplicity in the act of witnessing crime which by showing reality inevitably transforms it into a different kind of reality. The direct relationship with the Gothic genre is very naturally justified by real crime seeming to replicate fictional crime and vice versa, thus originating various forms of the lack of distinction between reality itself and fictional reality, or between truth and falsehood, which many writers and artists associated with Gothic aesthetics have always relied on, and numerous examples of this can be found in the works of Edgar Poe, Patricia Highsmith, Chuck Palahniuk and many others. While real crime may take the Gothic novel as its prototype, it turns out that nowadays television has taken on this role. Examples of this phenomenon are the recent symptoms of obsessive dependence on TV series such as C.S.I., Criminal Minds, The X Files, The Following and Dexter, showing a tendency for television series to replace Gothic novels, thus revealing a perverse attraction for witnessing violence through the same means that transmit the daily news featuring violent events in different scenarios of war all over the world.

[Book review] Psychology and Law: Truthfulness, Accuracy and Credibility

Review of: Psychology and law : truthfulness, accuracy and credibility by Amina Memon, Aldert Vrij and Ray Bull. London: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

Popery a complex falsehood: or an attempt to clear and evidence, that it is so, in a lecture had at Harvard College in Cambridge, New England, on May 10th, 1769

The hand-sewn notebook contains a 30-page manuscript draft of the Dudleian lecture delivered by Samuel Mather on May 10, 1769 at Harvard College. The sermon begins with the Biblical text 2 Thess. 11:11, 12. The copy includes a small number of edits and struck-out words. The item has unattached pages and is in fragile condition. The lecture was never published.

Precious truth : or, Some points in gospel doctrine vindicated in a series of letters addressed to Christians of every denomination : shewing the falsehood of the charges brought against the writings of Mr. Marshal, Mr. Hervey, and others by Mr. Bellamy in his dialogues and letters /

Shoemaker 9842 and 9843.

An expose of falsehood and slander, in an appeal to the public /

"January 1837."

A letter to the President of the U. States of America : proposing a method whereby the merits of the conflicting claims of the United States and Great Britain on the disputed frontier may be correctly examined and determined, by scientific principles, combined with indisputable data, grounded in equity : together with an examination of the treaty of 1783 : from which is derived a demonstration of the falsehood of the British claim /

Mode of access: Internet.

Beyond Robotic Wastelands of Time: Abandoned Pedagogical Agents and New Pedalled Pedagogies

Chatbots, known as pedagogical agents in educational settings, have a long history of use, beginning with Alan Turing’s work. Since then online chatbots have become embedded into the fabric of technology. Yet understandings of these technologies are inchoate and often untheorised. Integration of chatbots into educational settings over the past five years suggests an increase in interest in the ways in which chatbots might be adopted and adapted for teaching and learning. This article draws on historical literature and theories that to date have largely been ignored in order to (re)contextualise two studies that used responsive evaluation to examine the use of pedagogical agents in education. Findings suggest that emotional interactions with pedagogical agents are intrinsic to a user’s sense of trust, and that truthfulness, personalisation and emotional engagement are vital when using pedagogical agents to enhance online learning. Such findings need to be considered in the light of ways in which notions of learning are being redefined in the academy and the extent to which new literacies and new technologies are being pedalled as pedagogies in ways that undermine what higher education is, is for, and what learning means.

'Doctor, Doctor...' entrepreneurial diagnosis and market making

Doctor-patient jokes are universally popular because of the information asymmetries within the diagnostic relationship. We contend that entrepreneurial diagnosis is present in markets where consumers are unable to diagnose their own problems and, instead, may rely on the entrepreneur to diagnose them. Entrepreneurial diagnosis is a cognitive skill possessed by the entrepreneur. It is an identifiable subset of entrepreneurial judgment and can be modeled – which we attempt to do. In order to overcome the information asymmetries and exploit opportunities, we suggest that entrepreneurs must invest in market making innovations (as distinct from product innovations) such as trustworthy reputations. The diagnostic entrepreneur described in this paper represents a creative response to difficult diagnostic problems and helps to explain the success of many firms whose products are not particularly innovative but which are perceived as offering high standards of service. These firms are trusted not only for their truthfulness about the quality of their product, but for their honesty, confidentiality and understanding in helping customers identify the most appropriate product to their needs.

Clio may be seen and listened. Movies as source and resource on history

El cine como fuente historiográfica es utilizado a partir de la "batalla" que dio Marc Ferro hacia el interior de Annales. Cuando era difícil que se aceptaran otras fuentes que no fueran las gráficas, este historiador logró abrirse camino hasta llegar a ser el director de Annales en los años '70. El discurso de la imagen o el discurso audiovisual representa con mayor verosimilitud lo que el discurso gráfico no alcanza a expresar. Sin embargo, la sinécdoque y la generalización se encuentran a mitad de camino en un juego representativo para complementarse a la hora de comprender y reconstruir el pasado. El aporte del cine puede tomarse como reflejo o representación social y también como una alternativa discursiva. En este sentido, Rosenstone con el apoyo de Hayden White y su análisis de la "historiofotía" son los que incursionan en esta nueva dimensión, esto es la narración audiovisual de la historia