Length-based estimates of vital statistics in threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) from Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

ELEFAN 0, ELEFAN I and ELEFAN II were used to estimate vital statistics of Nemipterus japonicus from length-frequency data sampled along the coast of Bangladesh. The parameters L and K were estimated at 24.5 cm and 0.94 year super(-1). The values of M and F were found to be 1.81 and 1.58 year super(-1), respectively. The fish recruit to the fishery during May-June and September-October.

Growth and length-weight parameters of Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador

The seasonally oscillating growth parameters and length-weight relationships for Scomber japonicus caught in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, were determined based on length-frequency data from 1989 to 1996, using the FiSAT software package of Gayanilo et al. (1996). Estimates of growth parameters are in general agreement with previous studies on the same species. Results also imply that the growth of Scomber japonicus slows down during the cold season by approximately 50% with respect to the average growth. The mean value of the power b is significantly larger than 3, indicating that the model of allometric growth should be used for the length-weight relationship and calculation of the condition factor.

麦冬（Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f)Ker Gawl）花粉的发育、精子结构及绒毡层的变化

麦冬的花粉发育自小孢子母细胞开始，经连续型减数分裂，产生游离的单细胞小孢子;小孢子进一步发育，经两次有丝分裂，最终发育为包含有二个精细胞和一个营养核的成熟花粉。在此发育过程中，内质网、线粒体、高尔基体和脂体含量丰富。 麦冬的精子细胞为伸长的细胞，具有椭圆形的头部和长长的尾部细胞质突起，细胞器较少，是线粒体，但缺乏质体，没有明显的二型性;其精细胞伸长的尾部细胞质突起是在生殖细胞有丝分裂时产生，而不是以后由精子细胞本身发育;两个精子细胞之间除了头部的联结外，还有尾部的联接，但没有任何结构上的联结;一个精子细胞的头部常与营养核十分靠近;另外，在精子与精子之间或精子与营养核之间的贴近点上，常可见到多层膜的结构，根据精细胞之间的联结和精细胞与营养核之间的靠近，推测麦冬的成熟花粉中存在雄性生殖单位。 麦冬的花粉壁发育在四分体后期开始，首先产生纤维状的原外壁，由原外壁上依次发育出原基柱层、原覆盖层和原基足层，当四分体分离时，花粉外壁外层已发育完全;在单细胞小孢子时期，外壁内层发育，为极薄的一层，同时内壁－1开始发育;到了二细胞花粉时期，内壁－1开始发育;到了二细胞花粉时期，内壁－1发育完全，并在萌发孔处发育特殊的蜂窝状结构;紧接内壁－1层，发育出内壁－2层。在其壁发育过程中，花粉中大量沿周围平行于花粉壁排列的内质网可能与花粉壁的形成有关。 麦冬的绒毡层发育属分泌型。在小孢子母细胞时期，绒毡层细胞达到了发育的顶峰，此时，细胞器非常丰富，大量的线粒体、高尔基体和质体，尤为内质网含量最为丰富;原乌氏体出现较早，小孢子母细胞时期绒毡层细胞中就已出现;四分体时期，大量乌氏体被排入内切向面的质膜和纤维素壁之间;到了小孢子早期，绒毡层细胞失去细胞壁，原乌氏体分布在质膜的凹陷处，孢粉素物质开始在其上沉积，发育为乌氏体，乌氏体有单个和复合两种类型;到花粉成熟时，绒毡层细胞彻底解体。

Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) in the Gulf of California, Mexico

Between June 1995 and May 1996 seven rookeries in the Gulf of California were visited four times in order to collect scat samples for studying spatial and seasonal variability California sea lion prey. The rookeries studied were San Pedro Mártir, San Esteban, El Rasito, Los Machos, Los Cantiles, Isla Granito, and Isla Lobos. The 1273 scat samples collected yielded 4995 otoliths (95.3%) and 247 (4.7%) cephalopod beaks. Fish were found in 97.4% of scat samples collected, cephalopods in 11.2%, and crustaceans in 12.7%. We identified 92 prey taxa to the species level, 11 to genus level, and 10 to family level, of which the most important were Pacific cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus), Pacific sardine (Sardinops caeruleus), plainfin midshipman (Porichthys spp.), myctophid no. 1, northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus), anchoveta (Cetengraulis mysticetus), and jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus). Significant differences were found among rookeries in the occurrence of all main prey (P≤0.04), except for myctophid no. 1 (P>0.05). Temporally, significant differences were found in the occurrence of Pacific cutlassfish, Pacific sardine, plainfin midshipman, northern anchovy, and Pacific mackerel (P<0.05), but not in jack mackerel (χ 2=2.94, df=3, P=0.40), myctophid no. 1 (χ 2=1.67, df= 3, P=0.64), or lanternfishes (χ 2=2.08, df=3, P=0.56). Differences were observed in the diet and in trophic diversity among seasons and rookeries. More evident was the variation in diet in relation to availability of Pacific sardine.

Effects of density-dependence and sea surface temperature on interannual variation in length-at-age of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Kuroshio-Oyashio area during 1970–1997

Annual mean fork length (FL) of the Pacific stock of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) was examined for the period of 1970–97. Fork length at age 0 (6 months old) was negatively correlated with year-class strength which fluctuated between 0.2 and 14 billion in number for age-0 fish. Total stock biomass was correlated with FL at age but was not a significant factor. Sea surface temperature (SST) between 38–40°N and 141–143°E during April–June was also negatively correlated with FL at age 0. A modified von Bertalanffy growth model that incorporated the effects of population density and SST on growth was well fitted to the observed FL at ages. The relative FL at age 0 for any given year class was maintained throughout the life span. The variability in size at age in the Pacific stock of chub mackerel is largely attributable to growth during the first six months after hatching.

Condition factor and length-weight relationship of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) off Bombay coast

Fluctuations in the K values of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) off Bombay coast were interpreted regarding sex, month and females maturity stage. These indicate differential growth rates in males and females. Males and females attain first maturity at 145 mm and 115 mm respectively, second maturity is attained by both the sexes at 195 mm. First spawning occurs when both are of 155 mm length and at second spawning males and females attain 215 and 205 mm of length respectively. The fish mature and breed at "O" year; the main spawning period is from August to November with peak spawning activities in October. It grows about 155 mm in first year at 12.91mm per month and about 215 mm in the second year at 5.0 mm per month on an average. Length-weight relationships for males and females are given. The rate of growth of females by weight was found to be slower below 150 mm, but faster than that of males above 150 mm specimens.

Studies on maturity, spawning and fecundity of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) off Bombay coast

Studies indicated spawning season of Nemipterus japonicus off Bombay coast (Maharashtra, India), to be during July to December with peak breeding during November to December. Females attained first maturity at the length range 110-120 mm; 50% maturity and spawning occurred at 135 mm within one year of its age. Overall male: female ratio for the entire period of study was 1:1.01. Relationships of fecundity with total length of fish, total ovary weight and per g. fish weight were worked out as F=(-72674.33) L super(739.73); F =65.44 W super(807.33); F=3112.57 W super(22383.27) and F=467.85 W super(4.96) with coefficient of correlation values (r) 0.9090, 0.9443, 0.9911 and 0.8843 respectively.

A study on food and feeding habits of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) off Bombay coast

The gut content of Nemipterus japonicus revealed that this fish is a carnivorous bottom feeder, feeding mainly on crustaceans, fishes, salps and polychaetes, with marginal variations in females. The intensity of feeding increased with the advancement of maturity till stage 5 except in stage 3 where the intensity of feeding indicated a decrease.

Utilization of trash fish for human consumption. 3: Studies on the development of fish pickle from Nemipterus japonicus

A method for the preparation of fish pickles from a lean variety of fish namely pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) is described. Dipping the fish in 10% sodium chloride solution containing 6% acetic acid before pickling, was found desirable for retaining the meaty texture of the product. The product has no fish smell or flavour and has a shelf life of more than six months at ambient temperatures and scored very well in organoleptic tests.

Late Pleistocene divergence and subsequent population expansion of two closely related fish species, Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) and Australian anchovy (Engraulis australis)

Climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene ice ages produced great changes in species' geographical distribution and abundance, which could be expected to have genetic consequences. Living in the temperate upwelling zones of the northwestern Pacific, Ja

Differential population structuring and demographic history of two closely related fish species, Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) in Northwestern Pacific

The Quaternary cold periods in the Northwestern Pacific are thought to have heavily influenced the amount and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation in marine fishes. To estimate the demographic history and genetic structure of Lateolabrax macula