Arthropoda de solo em um ecossistema semi-árido da região neotropical: composição, variabilidade temporal e estratificação

Caatinga is an important laboratory for studies about arthropods adaptations and aclimatations because its precipitation is highly variable in time. We studied the effects of time variability over the composition of Arthropods in a caatinga area. The study was carried out at a preservation area on Almas Farm, São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba. Samples were collected in two 100 m long parallel transects, separated for a 30 m distance, in a dense tree dominated caatinga area, between August 2007 and July 2008. Samples were collected in each transect every 10 m. Ten soil samples were taken from each transect, both at 0-5 cm (A) and 5-10 cm (B) depth, resulting in 40 samples each month. The Berlese funnel method was used for fauna extraction. We registered 26 orders and the arthropods density in the soil ranged from 3237 to 22774 individuals.m-2 from January 2007 to March 2008, respectively. There was no difference between layers A and B regarding orders abundance and richness. The groups recorded include groups with few records or that had no records in the Caatinga region yet as Pauropoda, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Protura and Araneae. Acari was the most abundant group, with 66,7% of the total number of individuals. Soil Arthropods presented a positive correlation with soil moisture, vegetal cover, precipitation and real evapotranspiration. Increases in fauna richness and abundance were registered in February, a month after the beginning of the rainy season. A periodic rain events in arid and semiarid ecosystems triggers physiological responses in edafic organisms, like arthropods. Edafic arthropods respond to time variability in the Caatinga biome. This fauna variation has to be considered in studies of this ecosystem, because the variation of Arthropods composition in soil can affect the dynamics of the food web through time

Biologia alimentar e morfohistologia do tubo digestório do mussum, synbranchus marmoratus, bloch (osteichthyes: synbranchidae) no açude Marechal Dutra Gargalheiras , localizado no semi-árido brasileiro

Food habits and morpho-histology of the digestive tract of marbled swamp eel, Synbranchus marmoratus (Block, 1917) were investigated. The fish samples were captured during August, 2007 to July, 2008 in the Marechal Dutra reservoir, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte. The rain fall data was obtained from EMPARN. The fish captured, were measured, weighed, dissected, eviscerated and individual stomach weights were registered. The stomach contents analyses were carried out based on volumetric method, points, frequency of occurrence and applying the Index of Relative Importance. The degrees of repletion of the stomachs were determined besides the Index of Repletion relating to feeding activity variations and frequency of ingestion during the rainy and dry seasons. The rainfall varied from 0 mm a 335 mm with a mean value of 71.62 mm. Highest rainfall of 335.5 mm was registered in March, 2008 and August to December was the dry period. During the dry period the study species presented high degrees of repletion of the stomachs, with a peak value in the month of September (mean = 4.54; ± SD = 0.56). The minimum mean value of = 3.99 ± SD = 0.25 was registered in the month of May during the rainy period. The stomach contents of S. marmoratus registered show that this fish prefers animals, 78.22% of crustaceans 2.85% of mollusks, 3.25% of fish, 1.4% of insects and 13.5% of semi-digested organic matter, thus characterizing the study species as a carnivore with a preference for crustaceans. The morpho-histological aspects of the digestive tract of S. marmoratus indicate that the mouth is terminal adapted to open widely, thin lips with taste buds, small villiform teeth forming a single series on maxillas, four pairs of branchial arches with short and widely spaced branchial rays. The oesophagus is short and cylindrical with a small diameter. The oesophagus wall is thick with mucas surface and internal parallel folds. The stomach is retilinical in form, presenting cardiac, caecal and pyloric portions. The caecal portion is long and is intermediary in position between the cardiac and pyloric portions. The cardiac portion of the stomach is short and cylindrical formed of simple epithelial cylindrical mucus cells. The caecal portion is long with narrow walls, a big cavity and smaller folds which give rise to gastric glands. The phyloric portion has no glands and primary or secondary mucas folds. The morphohistological aspects of the digestive tract of S. marmoratus indicate its adaptation to a carnivorous feeding habit

O Desenvolvimento local sustentável no semi-árido nordestino: um estudo de caso na comunidade de mirandas, Caraúbas/RN

Brazil s semi-arid region is an immense territory characterized by a mosaic of natural environments and human settlements. Inside this multifaceted framework, there are problems that are specific to the region (the water resources situation, for example) while others are more universal (such as the inequality between men and women). The circumstances that give rise to these problems are complex and require a holistic view so that our understanding can go beyond the simple concept that this is a problem region . The semi-arid must be perceived as a viable area in need of a new analysis, taking into account its successes, limitations, challenges and the strategic public policy framework that guarantees its sustainable development. The dissertation analyzes, from a sustainable local development perspective, the experience of the Northeastern Brazil Groundwater Project (PROASNE), carried out from 2001 to 2003, in partnership with the Waters and Sewers Company of Rio Grande do Norte (CAERN) in the rural community of Mirandas, municipality of Caraúbas/RN, situated in the middle of the northeastern Brazil semi-arid region

Democratização do acesso a água no semi-árido: o caso da comunidade rural de Pendências dos Emídios no município de Serrinha/RN

Brazil lives a time of experimentation and maturity as it pertains to managing the use of water, which comes institutionalising increasingly social participation. In Rio Grande do Norte, since 1997, the government has been developing actions accordingly, through the State Department of Water Resources, which has implemented a programme of adutoras within the State and created Water Users Associations, in the installation of dessalinizadores for places where the Adutora was not necessary or not yet arrived, so that should be managed by communities through associations of users. Since 2003, Civil Society Organisations - CSOs come through ASA - Articulation in the Semi-arid Brazilian, implementing the P1MC - Program of Training and Mobilization for Social Living with the Semi-Arid (One Million Rural Cisternas), in its third year of implementation in Rio Grande do Norte, in the spirit of working together with the semi arid. In the municipality of Serrinha / RN which incorporates the Semi-arid region, we find in the rural community of Pendêcias dos Emídios the experience of the State and Civil Society, which referred to a discussion about the environmental sustainability of these initiatives. The general objective of this work is to examine the strategies for participatory management in the use and access to water in the community of Pendêcias dos Emídios of the municipality of Serrinha / RN, to understand how those experiences can contribute to environmental sustainability. The methodology used envolvel bibliographic research in categories involving each article, the analysis of the terms of reference of each strategy as part of the documentary research, the application forms covering 40 families benefited, and interviews based on comprehensive analysis of the speech. This study is divided into 02 articles, where the first is a discussion held on collective action and environmental sustainability, and the second is held a discussion about the sustainability of the initiatives underway to access water. The results of the discussion held on 02 articles that had their empirical built from the experience of the Commonwealth of Pendências dos Emídios revealed how far will the ability of the State to promote collective action and the limitations of the perception of sustainability that permeates these initiatives in the search for democratic access to water in semi-arid

Morfologia de nectários em Leguminosae senso lato em áreas de caatinga no Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo de águas subterrâneas com métodos elétricos na região do semi-árido de Patos - Pb

O Nordeste do Brasil, em particular a região semi-árida do Estado da Paraíba, é muito castigada pelos períodos de grandes estiagens e escassez de recursos hídricos. A água de superfície não supre a demanda da região, portanto, a busca de água subterrânea e sua exploração é uma constante nos programas dos Governos Federal e Estadual. Nesta região, ocorrem geralmente apenas aquíferos aluviais rasos e aquíferos nas fraturas do embasamento cristalino. Tradicionalmente, as fraturas no cristalino são prospectados através de estudos aerofotogramétricos e geoestruturais, com média de 30% de furos secos. O dimensionamento dos aquíferos aluviais é feito através de perfurações sistemática do subsolo, que é uma metodologia muito demorosa e cara. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que o emprego de métodos geofísicos, especialmente os métodos geoelétricos, são eficazes e econômicos para localizar e avaliar áreas promissoras de água subterrânea, tanto nos aquíferos aluviais como nos cristalinos. Neste trabalho, foram aplicados o convencional método da eletroresistividade e o método eletromagnético, ainda pouco usado na prospecção de água subterrânea, em três áreas selecionadas na região semi-árida de Patos - Pb, sendo duas representantes dos aquíferos aluviais e uma representante dos aquíferos cristalinos. Nos aquíferos aluviais, foi determinada a profundidade até o embasamento cristalino através de sondagens elétricas verticais (SEVs), e os respectivos limites laterais foram mapeados com perfilagens de eletroresistividade. Os resultados das SEVs são coerentes com as profundidades obtidas pelas sondagens mecânicas de confirmação mostrando, assim, a aplicabilidade desta metodologia na pesquisa deste tipo de aquífero. No aquífero cristalino, inicialmente determinou-se a orientação geral das zonas fraturadas do embasamento cristalino pela técnica modificada da sondagem elétrica vertical (SEV Radial) e, em seguida, a localização exata em planta das mesmas foram determinadas com perfilagens de eletroresistividade e eletromagnéticas no sistema horizontal coplanar nas frequências 880 Hz e 2640 Hz. Os resultados dos dois métodos utilizados foram satisfatórios, porém, a perfilagem eletromagnética é mais rápida, necessita de menos mão de obra, reduzindo assim os custos de prospecção de água subterrânea no embasamento cristalino.

Arthropoda de solo em um ecossistema semi-árido da região neotropical: composição, variabilidade temporal e estratificação

Caatinga is an important laboratory for studies about arthropods adaptations and aclimatations because its precipitation is highly variable in time. We studied the effects of time variability over the composition of Arthropods in a caatinga area. The study was carried out at a preservation area on Almas Farm, São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba. Samples were collected in two 100 m long parallel transects, separated for a 30 m distance, in a dense tree dominated caatinga area, between August 2007 and July 2008. Samples were collected in each transect every 10 m. Ten soil samples were taken from each transect, both at 0-5 cm (A) and 5-10 cm (B) depth, resulting in 40 samples each month. The Berlese funnel method was used for fauna extraction. We registered 26 orders and the arthropods density in the soil ranged from 3237 to 22774 individuals.m-2 from January 2007 to March 2008, respectively. There was no difference between layers A and B regarding orders abundance and richness. The groups recorded include groups with few records or that had no records in the Caatinga region yet as Pauropoda, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Protura and Araneae. Acari was the most abundant group, with 66,7% of the total number of individuals. Soil Arthropods presented a positive correlation with soil moisture, vegetal cover, precipitation and real evapotranspiration. Increases in fauna richness and abundance were registered in February, a month after the beginning of the rainy season. A periodic rain events in arid and semiarid ecosystems triggers physiological responses in edafic organisms, like arthropods. Edafic arthropods respond to time variability in the Caatinga biome. This fauna variation has to be considered in studies of this ecosystem, because the variation of Arthropods composition in soil can affect the dynamics of the food web through time

Biologia alimentar e morfohistologia do tubo digestório do mussum, synbranchus marmoratus, bloch (osteichthyes: synbranchidae) no açude Marechal Dutra Gargalheiras , localizado no semi-árido brasileiro

Food habits and morpho-histology of the digestive tract of marbled swamp eel, Synbranchus marmoratus (Block, 1917) were investigated. The fish samples were captured during August, 2007 to July, 2008 in the Marechal Dutra reservoir, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte. The rain fall data was obtained from EMPARN. The fish captured, were measured, weighed, dissected, eviscerated and individual stomach weights were registered. The stomach contents analyses were carried out based on volumetric method, points, frequency of occurrence and applying the Index of Relative Importance. The degrees of repletion of the stomachs were determined besides the Index of Repletion relating to feeding activity variations and frequency of ingestion during the rainy and dry seasons. The rainfall varied from 0 mm a 335 mm with a mean value of 71.62 mm. Highest rainfall of 335.5 mm was registered in March, 2008 and August to December was the dry period. During the dry period the study species presented high degrees of repletion of the stomachs, with a peak value in the month of September (mean = 4.54; ± SD = 0.56). The minimum mean value of = 3.99 ± SD = 0.25 was registered in the month of May during the rainy period. The stomach contents of S. marmoratus registered show that this fish prefers animals, 78.22% of crustaceans 2.85% of mollusks, 3.25% of fish, 1.4% of insects and 13.5% of semi-digested organic matter, thus characterizing the study species as a carnivore with a preference for crustaceans. The morpho-histological aspects of the digestive tract of S. marmoratus indicate that the mouth is terminal adapted to open widely, thin lips with taste buds, small villiform teeth forming a single series on maxillas, four pairs of branchial arches with short and widely spaced branchial rays. The oesophagus is short and cylindrical with a small diameter. The oesophagus wall is thick with mucas surface and internal parallel folds. The stomach is retilinical in form, presenting cardiac, caecal and pyloric portions. The caecal portion is long and is intermediary in position between the cardiac and pyloric portions. The cardiac portion of the stomach is short and cylindrical formed of simple epithelial cylindrical mucus cells. The caecal portion is long with narrow walls, a big cavity and smaller folds which give rise to gastric glands. The phyloric portion has no glands and primary or secondary mucas folds. The morphohistological aspects of the digestive tract of S. marmoratus indicate its adaptation to a carnivorous feeding habit

Proposta de desenvolvimento regional sustentável no semi-árido promovido por agente do setor elétrico.

Este trabalho sugere uma proposta de desenvolvimento regional sustentável no semiárido nordestino brasileiro promovido por termelétricas convencionais já instaladas e operando atualmente com combustíveis não-renováveis (diesel ou óleo mineral pesada). A proposta está formatada num modelo de cadeia produtiva de oleaginosa composta por processo seqüencial de produção agrícola caracterizada com agricultura familiar, extração de óleo vegetal in natura das sementes de mamona e conversão em biodiesel e, finalmente, aplicação de misturas de óleos de origem vegetal adlcloaados aos atuais combustíveis de termelétricas para geração de eletricidade. Os resultados dessa aplicação são geradores tornando-se agentes de desenvolvimento sustentável sobre os aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais, como: estímulo da economia local; a promoção de geração de emprego e renda para a comunidade local; fixação do homem no campo; minimização de emissão de gás de efeito estufa, geração de energia limpa e renovável e etc.

DIVULGAÇÃO de cultivares e tecnologias para a produção de sorgo no semi-árido brasileiro.

2010

Caracterização de atributos do solo em áreas de barragem subterrânea no semi-árido brasileiro.

2008

Avaliação de critérios de outorga associados a políticas de operação de reservatório na bacia do rio Moxotó, semi-árido brasileiro

Os critérios de outorga adotados nas legislações dos estados inseridos no semi-árido - a fim de regulamentar a vazão de referência a partir de açudes - tem se baseado simplesmente em volumes (vazões) associados a níveis de confiabilidade de atendimento à demanda, não estabelecendo políticas operacionais que tornem seus usos menos vulneráveis às falhas prolongadas e concentradas que são comuns à região. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar as vazões de referência segundo as políticas de operação (PO) padrão e volumes de alerta. A primeira é uma operação menos arrojada se comparada com a segunda. Isto decorre do fato que na primeira não há maiores preocupações com a vulnerabilidade nos períodos de falha. Já a política de operação baseada em volumes de alerta assegura que na pior situação um suprimento mínimo será realizado. Foi elaborado um modelo de simulação com sub-tarefas de operação de reservatório, operação de projetos hidroagrícolas, operação de atendimento às demandas, avaliação econômica dos déficits e fornecimento de indicadores para subsidiar as avaliações. Dentre os indicadores fornecidos pelo modelo destacam-se: confiabilidade mensal da demanda primária, confiabilidade mensal da demanda secundária, confiabilidade anual do sucesso da atividade agrícola, anuidade equivalente dos custos de falha na demanda primária, anuidade equivalente dos benefícios líquidos da agricultura, anuidade líquida equivalente e total evaporado. Diante da análise de tais indicadores chegou-se à conclusão de que a PO volumes de alerta apresentou resultados superiores à operação padrão. O fato de assegurar o suprimento durante os longos e concentrados períodos de falha gera uma economia que não é superada pelo incremento de água oferecido pela PO padrão.Constatou-se também que a PO padrão coloca todas as categorias de demanda sob o mesmo patamar de vulnerabilidade, enquanto que na PO volumes de alerta as cotas são oferecidas com garantias diferenciadas, sendo mais atraentes do ponto de vista do gerenciamento.

Embalagens semi-rígidas no Brasil

Trata do mercado de embalagens semi-rígidas, como este segmento estava defasado tecnologicamente e quais as conseqüências da atualização tecnológica causando uma oferta maior que a demanda. Aborda o mercado fornecedor de matérias primas mostrando seu comportamento monopolizado e como enfrentarão a concorrência internacional, assim como os usuários de embalagens semi-rígidas que estão desenvolvendo novas formas de contratos com seus fornecedores, modificando seus processos produtivos, reduzindo custos na busca de novos consumidores para seus produtos. Aponta oportunidades de como modificar o processo de uma empresa de embalagens, a estratégia de como se relacionar com os fornecedores, complementadores, clientes e concorrentes. Tece considerações sobre a formação de grandes blocos, tanto no mercado produtor de matérias primas como nas empresas de embalagens semi-rígidas

Estado nutricional de escolares do semi-árido do nordeste brasileiro

SILVA, João B. da et al. Estado Nutricional de Escolares do Semi-Árido do Nordeste Brasileiro. Revista de Salud Pública, v. 11, n. 1, p. 62-71, 2009.

Efeitos da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e do enriquecimento por nutrientes sobre a comunidade planctônica em um lago artificial no semi-árido brasileiro

The major aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the introduction of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the enrichment with nutrients (N and P) interact synergistically to change the structure of plankton communities, increase phytoplankton biomass and decrease water transparency of a semi-arid tropical reservoir. One field experiment was performed during five weeks in twenty enclosures (8m3) to where four treatments were randomly allocated: with tilapia addition (T), with nutrients addition (NP), with tilapia and nutrients addition (T+NP) and a control treatment with no tilapia or nutrients addition (C). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was done to test for time (t), tilapia (T) and nutrient (NP) effects and their interaction on water transparency, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, phytoplankton and zooplankton. The results show that there was no effect of nutrient addition on these variables but significant fish effects on the biomass of total zooplankton, nauplii, rotifers, cladocerans and calanoid copepods, on the biovolume of Bacillariophyta, Zygnemaphyceae and large algae (GALD ≥ 50 μm) and on Secchi depth. In addition, we found significant interaction effects between tilapia and nutrients on Secchi depth and rotifers. Overall, tilapia decreased the biomass of most zooplankton taxa and large algae (diatoms) and decreased the water transparency while nutrient enrichment increased the biomass of zooplankton (rotifers) but only in the absence of tilapia. In conclusion, the influence of fish on the reservoir plankton community and water transparency was greater than that of nutrient loading. This finding suggests that biomanipulation should be a greater priority in the restoration of eutrophic reservoirs in tropical semi-arid regions