Spatial variability of leaf wetness duration in a 'Niagara Rosada' vineyard

Despite considerable efforts to develop accurate electronic sensors to measure leaf wetness duration (LWD), little attention has been given to studies about how is LWD variability in different positions of the crop canopy. In order to evaluate the influence of 'Niagara Rosada' (Vitis labrusca) grapevine structure on the spatial variability of LWD, the objective of this study was to determine the canopy position of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grape with longer LWD and its correlation with measured standard LWD over turfgrass. LWD was measured in four different canopy positions of the vineyard (sensors deployed at 45º with the horizontal): at the top of the plants, with sensors facing southwest and northeast (Top-SW and Top-NE), and at the grape bunches height, with sensors facing southwest and northeast (Bottom-SW and Bottom-NE). No significant difference was observed between the top (1.6 m) and the bottom (1.0 m) of the canopy and also between the southwest and northeast face of the plants. The relationship between standard LWD over turfgrass and crop LWD in different positions of the grape canopy showed a define correlation, with R² ranging from 0.86 to 0.89 for all period, from 0.72 to 0.77 for days without rain, and from 0.89 to 0.91 for days with rain.

Effect of different covering materials used during the pre-harvest stage on the quality and storage life of 'Sultana Seedless' grapes

Covering the grapevine rows to delay the maturity and harvest date became widely practiced in 'Sultana Seedless' vineyards. The research work was conducted to test different cover materials (polypropylene cross-stitch, life pack, mogul and transparent polyethylene) in respect to their effects on grape quality and storability. Harvest was delayed for one month in covered plots. Harvested grapes were packed and transferred to storage rooms after pre-cooling. During packing, the grape clusters were sealed in PE bags with sulphur dioxide pads. The grapes were stored for 90 days in the first year and 120 days in the second year, at -0.5ºC and 90% RH. All the grape clusters were healthy and of marketable quality after 90 days of storage period. In the first year, at the end of the storage, only those grapes harvested from the rows covered with polypropylene cross-stitch showed fungal growth. The sensory quality scores revealed a lower level of preference after 120 days of storage. The effects of the covering materials tested were similar regarding grape quality and storage performance except the transparent polyethylene that damaged the grapevine leaves.

Grapevine root distribution in drip and microsprinkler irrigation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Biorreguladores na brotação da videira ‘superior seedless’

Aiming to study the affect of commercial biorregulators Stimulate (R) e X-Cyte (R) over sprouting uniformity of Superior Seedless grape cultivar, pruned in May 22, 2006, a field trial was carried out at at Koshiyama farm, in Juazeiro municipality (Bahia State / Northeastern Brazil). The trial was carried out in randomized blocks with four replications and three useful plants per plot, six stakes per plant were evaluated. Forty-eight hours after yield prun, the stakes were sprayed with T1: Dormex (R) (5%); T2: Dormex (R) (5%) + Nitro Plus 9 (R); T3: Stimulate (R) (0,5%); T4: Stimulate (R) (0,5%) + Nitro Plus 9 (R); T5: Stimulate (R) (1,0%); T6: Stimulate (R) (1,0%) + Nitro Plus 9 (R); T7: X-Cyte (R) (0,25%); T8: X-Cyte (R) (0,25%) + Nitro Plus 9 (R); T9: X-Cyte (R) (0,5%); T10: X-Cyte (R) (0,5%) + Nitro Plus 9 (R); T11: X-Cyte (R) (0,25%) + Stimulate (R) (0,5%); T12: X-Cyte (R) (0,25%) + Stimulate (R) (0,5%) + Nitro Plus 9 (R), Nitro Plus 9 (R) used at a rate of 100 L ha(-1) via ferti-irrigation. Results show that Stimulate (R) and X-Cyte (R), when compared to the commercial product Dormex (R) commercially, did not show significant effects on the sprouts number after sproutings and proportion of grown stems; products that as an alternative the Dormex (R) in yield the grape 'Superior Seedless', at the studied conditions.

Avaliação técnica e socioeconômica da cultura da uva para mesa em pequenas propriedades rurais da Regional de Jales (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ação de biorreguladores na brotação, produção e algumas características físico-químicas de uva do cultivar Superior Seedless

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Categorías de firmeza de bayas en diferentes variedades de uva de mesa (Vitis vinifera L.)

Se categorizó, a través de una nueva metodología objetiva, la firmeza de las bayas de uva de mesa de las variedades Flame Seedless, Superior Seedless, Red Globe, Thompson Seedless y Crimson Seedless. El estudio se realizó en la zona central de Chile: se recolectaron racimos en forma dirigida en cuanto a firmeza y se separaron en tres categorías: RF, racimo firme; RMF, racimo medianamente firme y RB, racimo blando. La firmeza de bayas (g/mm) se evaluó utilizando el Firmtech 2® (todas las bayas del racimo) y la firmeza de pulpa (N-cm) fue medida con Torque Load Sensor® (muestra del sector superior, medio y distal del racimo). Adicionalmente, se determinó la correlación entre Firmtech 2® y Durofel®. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias significativas en firmeza entre los tres tipos de racimos (RF, RMF y RB) en todas las variedades, excepto en Superior Seedless en la cual sólo fue posible diferenciar RF de RB. La correlación entre la firmeza de baya medida con Firmtech 2® y Durofel® es alta y significativa (r = 0,76). La firmeza de las bayas es un parámetro posible de medir y por tanto permitiría separar en rangos o categorías de firmeza distintas variedades de uva de mesa.

Evapotranspiration of grapevine trained to a gable trellis system under netting and black plastic mulching

The evapotranspiration (ET c) of a table grape vineyard (Vitis vinifera, cv. Red Globe) trained to a gable trellis under netting and black plastic mulching was determined under semiarid conditions in the central Ebro River Valley during 2007 and 2008. The netting was made of high-density polyethylene (pores of 12 mm2) and was placed just above the ground canopy about 2.2 m above soil surface. Black plastic mulching was used to minimize soil evaporation. The surface renewal method was used to obtain values of sensible heat flux (H) from high-frequency temperature readings. Later, latent heat flux (LE) values were obtained by solving the energy balance equation. For the May–October period, seasonal ET c was about 843 mm in 2007 and 787 mm in 2008. The experimental weekly crop coefficients (K cexp) fluctuated between 0.64 and 1.2. These values represent crop coefficients adjusted to take into account the reduction in ET c caused by the netting and the black plastic mulching. Average K cexp values during mid- and end-season stages were 0.79 and 0.98, respectively. End-season K cexp was higher due to combination of factors related to the precipitation and low ET o conditions that are typical in this region during fall. Estimated crop coefficients using the Allen et al. (1998) approach adjusting for the effects of the netting and black plastic mulching (K cFAO) showed a good agreement with the experimental K cexp values.

Leaf water potential and sap flow as indicators of water stress in Crimson ‘seedless’ grapevines under different irrigation strategies

Vitis vinifera L. cv. Crimson Seedless is a late season red table grape developed in 1989, with a high market value and increasingly cultivated under protected environments to extend the availability of seedless table grapes into the late fall. The purpose of this work was to evaluate leaf water potential and sap flow as indicators of water stress in Crimson Seedless vines under standard and reduced irrigation strategy, consisting of 70 % of the standard irrigation depth. Additionally, two sub-treatments were applied, consisting of normal irrigation throughout the growing season and a short irrigation induced stress period between veraison and harvest. Leaf water potential measurements coherently signaled crop-available water variations caused by different irrigation treatments, suggesting that this plant-based method can be reliably used to identify water-stress conditions. The use of sap flow density data to establish a ratio based on a reference ‘well irrigated vine’ and less irrigated vines can potentially be used to signal differences in the transpiration rates, which may be suitable for improving irrigation management strategies while preventing undesirable levels of water stress. Although all four irrigation strategies resulted in the production of quality table grapes, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in both berry weight and sugar content between the standard irrigation and reduced irrigation treatments. Reduced irrigation increased slightly the average berry size as well as sugar content and technical maturity index. The 2-week irrigation stress period had a negative effect on these parameters.

Leaf water potential and sap flow as indicators of water stress in Crimson 'seedless' grapevines under different irrigation strategies

Abstract Vitis vinifera L. cv. Crimson Seedless is a late season red table grape developed in 1989, with a high market value and increasingly cultivated under protected environments to extend the availability of seedless table grapes into the late fall. The purpose of this work was to evaluate leaf water potential and sap flow as indicators of water stress in Crimson Seedless vines under standard and reduced irrigation strategy, consisting of 70 % of the standard irrigation depth. Additionally, two sub-treatments were applied, consisting of normal irrigation throughout the growing season and a short irrigation induced stress period between veraison and harvest. Leaf water potential measurements coherently signaled crop-available water variations caused by different irrigation treatments, suggesting that this plant-based method can be reliably used to identify water-stress conditions. The use of sap flow density data to establish a ratio based on a reference ‘well irrigated vine’ and less irrigated vines can potentially be used to signal differences in the transpiration rates, which may be suitable for improving irrigation management strategies while preventing undesirable levels of water stress. Although all four irrigation strategies resulted in the production of quality table grapes, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in both berry weight and sugar content between the standard irrigation and reduced irrigation treatments. Reduced irrigation increased slightly the average berry size as well as sugar content and technical maturity index. The 2-week irrigation stress period had a negative effect on these parameters.

Mexico's grape industry : table grapes, raisins, and wine /

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