武汉东湖浮游植物群落结构的时空变化与环境因子的关系

研究了武汉东湖浮游植物群落结构的时空变化。东湖3个采样点的TN和TP含量存在显著差异。东湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ站浮游植物生物量的最高值出现在冬季和春季,Ⅲ站生物量的最高值则出现在夏季。相对于东湖较高的营养盐含量,其浮游植物生物量相对较低。这一方面是因为东湖较高密度的滤食性鲢鳙鱼的摄食作用抑制了浮游植物生物量的升高,另一方面是由于东湖较低的透明度使浮游植物的生长受到光照的限制。由于受到滤食性鱼类摄食、较高的营养水平以及较低的透明度的影响,东湖的浮游植物主要由隐藻、真蓝裸甲藻、小环藻和直链藻以及小型的绿球藻和蓝藻所组成。

不同载体的藻-菌生物膜应用于水体净化

以现已成熟的美国AquaMats生物膜技术为参比,比较不同材质或结构为载体的藻-菌生物膜技术改善富营养水体的效果。结果表明:对TN、TP、CODMn、NH4+-N、透明度等指标的处理效果顺序基本为条形水草>AquaMats>人工水草>植物地毯>对照组,其中条形水草对TN、TP、CODMn的去除率分别为97.3%、77.1%、63.3%,第22d将透明度由25cm提高到85cm。大多数膜处理能将DO维持在4mg/L以上。条形水草的藻-菌生物膜技术对富营养水质改善效果最明显,且成本低廉,值得推广。

丝状绿藻腐烂过程对水质和沉水植物黑藻生长的影响实验研究

从野外采集沉水植物黑藻种植于120L的塑料桶内,然后采集丝状绿藻放在培养黑藻的桶内。设种植黑藻而不放入丝状绿藻的桶为对照。由于夏季高温和强光,丝状绿藻在数天内会逐渐腐烂。研究发现,在丝状绿藻腐烂过程中,水体的溶解氧(DO)、pH值、水下光强度与水面光强度的比值均比对照组大大降低,尤其是溶解氧,有时甚至下降为零。而水体的温度、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)在丝状绿藻腐烂过程中则上升,后3个指标大大高于对照。有丝状绿藻处理的试验组,随着丝状绿藻的腐烂,沉水植物黑藻亦慢慢腐烂,最后消失。

香溪河库湾春季叶绿素a浓度动态及其影响因子分析

2005年3月至4月,对三峡水库香溪河库湾的叶绿素a动态及其与TN、TP等环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明,从香溪河库湾下游到上游,叶绿素a存在明显的水平分布。在时间分布上,3月17日暴发一次大规模的水华,4月份水华的暴发有一个明显的平面推移的过程。叶绿素a浓度与TN、TP之间存在着一定的负相关关系,TN与叶绿素a浓度的相关性较显著。香溪河库湾极可能是N限制型水体,而不受P限制。叶绿素a与透明度存在反双曲线关系,与溶解氧呈显著正相关关系。

三峡水库库首初期蓄水前后理化因子的比较研究

根据2002—2004年对三峡水库库首的监测,对该水域的理化特征及其动态进行了比较分析,并对三峡水库初期蓄水前后的数据进行了差异显著性分析。结果显示主要理化指标空间差异不大,主要随季节变化。部分理化指标在蓄水前后有显著差异。其中TN、TP在蓄水后与蓄水前同期比较有明显降低,分别由蓄水前的周年平均值2.38mg/L、0.274mg/L下降到蓄水后的1.62mg/L0、.132mg/L。在无机氮组成中,NO3-N高达91.25%,而NO2-N仅占1.05%,这表明调查水域有较强的自净能力。透明度、浊度月变化很

三峡库区高岚河甲藻水华的初步研究

2005年2月中下旬,高岚河库湾发生拟多甲藻水华,本文研究了水华爆发期间藻类的生消过程及其基本组成,并分析了环境因子在水华形成和消亡过程中的作用机制。研究结果表明:超高的营养盐,如TN、TP等是此次水华发生的主要原因之一,其他物理条件,如气温、水温的回升等是重要的诱因。而水华消亡的原因是营养盐被不断繁殖的甲藻消耗,以至于不能满足甲藻的营养需求,最终部分甲藻下沉到底层。

底栖藻类对氮、磷去除效果研究

通过模拟实验探讨了污水处理中底栖藻类的群落结构、生长状况及其对氮(N)、磷(P)的去除能力。实验期间,被试藻类(丝状绿藻占优势)在污水中生长良好,培养5 d后收获的藻类生物量可达14.36±0.72 g;污水总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量分别由36.97±0.26 m g.L-1、2.88±0.02 m g.L-1降至1.44±0.09 m g.L-1、0.07±0.01 m g.L-1,对氨氮(NH4-N)和硝氮(NO3-N)的去除率亦达95%以上;藻体总凯氏氮(TKN)和TP含量分别为5.75±0.2

人类活动在武汉东湖沉积物中的记录

研究了武汉东湖Ⅰ站90cm和Ⅱ站150cm沉积物柱芯TOC、TN、TP和硅藻的垂向分布,探讨了在东湖的发展演化中尤其是富营养化的过程中人类活动的影响.在350aBP(清朝康熙雍正年间)和20世纪60年代,由于人口增长、农业耕作发展和湖泊富营养化使区域内TOC、TN等营养物质向湖内大量输入.东湖I站沉积物中TP在0~5cm的高值区主要与建国以来东湖周围的人类活动作用加强有关,是湖泊营养程度逐步提高的结果.随着湖泊富营养化的加剧,湖泊藻类大量繁衍,沉积物中保存的硅藻也相应大量增加.

武汉东湖沉积物碳氮磷垂向分布研究

建立了东湖Ⅰ站90cm和Ⅱ站150cm沉积物剖面年代序列框架,研究了碳氮磷的垂向分布,并对碳-氮和碳-磷耦合进行了讨论。东湖Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站沉积物总有机碳(TOC)分别为3.00%和2.44%,总氮(TN)分别为0.45%和0.34%,总磷(TP)分别为1.11mg/g和0.69mg/g。东湖Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站沉积物TOC与TN之间呈极显著的正相关关系,TOC/TN质量比的变化是受到气候变化、人类活动、氮比有机碳分解速度快等因素综合作用的结果。TP与TOC之间也呈正相关关系,但相关性差,由于污水大量排入Ⅰ站,导致东湖Ⅰ

活性藻系统对氮、磷及有机物的去除研究

报道了实验室条件下利用活性藻反应系统对合成污水中N、P、CODCr和BOD5等的去除 效果.在26±2℃条件下,当停留时间为24h时,TN, TP, CODCr 和BOD5 的平均去除率分别为 7 7.62%, 33.23%, 90.89% 和 95.77%.当进水负荷加大一倍、停留时间相应缩短、光强、水温 同时减弱和降低时,该系统对TP 和BOD5的处理效果受到明显影响,对 CODCr的处理效果影响 不大,运行条件的改变基本上不影响活性藻系统对TN的处理效果,两种运行条件下,TN的平均 去除率分别为77

In situ nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater by aquatic vegetable Ipomoea aquatica on floating beds

Nutrient-rich effluents caused rising concern due to eutrophication of aquatic environment by utilization of a large amount of formula feed. Nutrient removal and water quality were investigated by planting aquatic vegetable on artificial beds in 36-m(2) concrete fishponds. After treatment of 120 days, 30.6% of total nitrogen (TN) and 18.2% of total phosphorus (TP) were removed from the total input nutrients by 6-m(2) aquatic vegetable Ipomoea aquatica. The concentrations of TN, TP, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chlorophyll a in planted ponds were significantly lower than those in non-planted ponds (P<0.05). Transparency of water in planted ponds was much higher than that of control ponds. No significant differences in the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) were found between planted and non-planted ponds. These results suggested that planting aquatic vegetable with one-sixth covered area of the fishponds could efficiently remove nutrient and improve water quality.

Field studies on the environmental factors in controlling microcystin production in the subtropical shallow lakes of the Yangtze River

Microcystin (MC) problem made more and more care about in China, intercellular MC (Int-MC) and cellular MC (Cel-MC) were important contents to reflect the producing-MC ability by cyanobacteria and by lakes. To study the correlations between Int-MC, Cel-MC concentration and biological and environmental factors, eight cyanobacterial blooming lakes were studied in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Microcystin-RR (MC-RR) and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) were the primary toxin variants in our data. From the linear correlations between MC and environmental factors, cellular-YR had significant correlation with most of chemical factors except total nitrogen (TN) and the ratio of total nitrogen and total phosphorus (TN/TP), most intracellular MC analogues had significant correlations with total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-), TP, total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), Microcystis. From the canonal correspondence analysis, Int-MC concentrations were closely related with the chemical and biological factors, such as TP, total organic carbon (TOC), chlorophyll a (Chl a), Microcystis biomass, et al. While Cel-MC contents, especially Cel-RR and Cel-LR, were closely related with light environmental in the lakes such as water depth and transparence.

Phytoplankton biomass in relation to nutrients and zooplankton in thirty subtropical lakes adjacent to the Yangtze River, China

A total of 30 shallow lakes, located along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, were studied to assess the relative importance of nutrients and zooplankton biomass in determining the phytoplankton biomass in subtropical China. Zooplankton biomass and nutrients both varied greatly in these lakes. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression showed that phytoplankton biomass was positively correlated with TN, NH4+, NO3- and TP, while it did not show any negative relationship to zooplankton biomass. Meanwhile, the phytoplankton biomass showed contrary relationships to the mass ratio of TN/TP in spring and summer, suggesting that in nutrient-richer lakes the dominant phytoplankton species have different preferences for TN/TP ratio. The insignificant top-down control of phytoplankton biomass may be attributed to the dominance of small-sized crustaceans and low crustacean biomass resulting from cyanobacterial dominance and planktivorous fish predation as well as other factors. Thus, it is likely that nutrients were more important than zooplankton biomass in explaining the total variance of phytoplaDkton biomass in these subtropical lakes.

Relationships between microcystins and environmental parameters in 30 subtropical shallow lakes along the Yangtze River, China

1. A survey of 30 subtropical shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area in China was conducted during July-September in 2003-2004 to study how environmental and biological variables were associated with the concentration of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin (MC). 2. Mean MC concentration in seasonally river-connected lakes (SL) was nearly 33 times that in permanently river-connected lakes (RL), and more than six times that in city lakes (NC) and non-urban lakes (NE) which were not connected to the Yangtze River. The highest MC (8.574 mu g L-1) was detected in Dianshan Lake. 3. MC-RR and MC-LR were the primary toxin variants in our data. MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-LR were significantly correlated with Ch1 a, biomass of cyanobacteria, Microcystis and Anabaena, indicating that microcystins were mainly produced by Microcystis and Anabaena sp. in these lakes. 4. Nonlinear interval maxima regression indicated that the relationships of Secchi depth, total nitrogen (TN) : total phosphorus UP) and NH4+ with MC were characterised by negative exponential curves. The relationships between MC and TN, TP, NO3- + NO2- were fitted well with a unimodal curve. 5. Multivariate analyses by principal component and classifying analysis indicated that MC was mainly affected by Microcystis among the biological factors, and was closely related with temperature among physicochernical factors.

Changes in the concentrations of size-fractioned iron and related environmental factors in the northeastern part of lake Dianchi (China)

To observe changes in the concentrations of size-fractionated iron and related environmental factors, experiments were conducted in the northeastern part of the shallow eutrophic lake Dianchi (China) from March 2003 to February 2004. Iron concentrations were measured for three size fractions: particulate iron (phi >0.22 mu m), colloidal iron (phi = 0.025-0.22 mu m) and soluble iron (phi < 0.025 mu m), and environmental factors (physicochemical and biological factors) were synchronously analyzed. Results showed that size-fractionated iron and the related environmental factors all varied with season. Colloidal iron accounted for only 5-9% of total iron, while particulate and soluble iron each accounted for 40-50% of total iron. The results suggested that size-fractionated iron can transform into each other, especially the highly reactive colloidal iron. Significant linear correlations were found between iron in different size fractions, and significant correlations were also obtained between chlorophyll a and environmental factors, such as TN, TP and secchi depth. No significant correlation between iron and chlorophyll a was found in this study.