280 resultados para Têxtil


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Este trabalho discute as origens e o desenvolvimento da indústria gaúcha, enfocando com maior acuidade o setor têxtil. Para tanto, descreve-se as formas de inserção da economia gaúcha na economia nacional, às quais fundaram as bases para o desenvolvimento econômico estadual. A partir de então, é apresentado o desenvolvimento da economia vinculada à região colonial, onde se verificou a importante contribuição dos imigrantes europeus para o desenvolvimento econômico do Estado. Os capitais acumulados por estas atividades permitiram investimentos em alguns ramos industriais, entre eles o têxtil. Utiliza-se o método histórico-descritivo para evidenciar os principais determinantes do desenvolvimento econômico que caracterizou esta região e os fatores que impulsionaram a industrialização. Assim, acompanha-se o desenvolvimento industrial, principalmente o do setor têxtil, desde o período da República Velha, até o final do período da substituição de importações. No final do trabalho são relacionadas as principais conclusões sobre o desenvolvimento do setor têxtil no Rio Grande do Sul, ao longo do período de substituição de importações.

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Este trabalho apresenta a implantação do processo de Planejamento Estratégico e o conseqüente sistema de medição com sugestão de inclusão de novos indicadores críticos ao sucesso da gestão em Empresa da Indústria Têxtil. Primeiramente foi elaborado o Planejamento Estratégico da Empresa em questão, pois é indispensável à análise de competitividade das organizações bem como necessário à elaboração de seus Sistemas de Medidas de Desempenho, decorrentes das estratégias estabelecidas. Em seguida, foi revisto o Sistema de Medidas de Desempenho utilizado, que tem o objetivo de estimular as primeiras ações de ajuste do planejado com a situação real. Por último o Sistema de Medidas de Desempenho existente foi comparado ao proposto no Balanced Scorecard para a adoção de ações de ajuste do sistema atual, contemplando a introdução de novos indicadores. Ficaram evidentes os benefícios decorrentes do processo de Planejamento Estratégico com a definição de objetivos e a formulação de estratégias para alcançá-los, desdobradas em todos os níveis da organização – requerendo um Sistema adequado de Medidas de Desempenho para o monitoramento da implementação das ações resultantes.

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This study shows how the Industrial Cluster of garments in Valença, RJ ¿ comprised of micro and small enterprises ¿ contributes to overcome the problems left by the declining period of the textile industry. At first, the city took advantage of its talent for textile work and turned to the clothing sector, which now relies on garment factories, subcontractors, cooperatives and laundries in order to create jobs. There is institutional support, but the analysis of the situation identified the need for higher involvement of cluster players, as well as a higher interaction among them to help their own development. In regard to public and private institutions, there is room for steps to guide informal companies that find it difficult to afford labor, financial, and environmental costs towards formalization, the offer of management and labor skill programs, as well as entrepreneurs¿ awareness about the acquisition of modern-technology machinery. It is important to encourage higher participation of Valença firms in the national fashion events, since this draws attention to the name of the city, discloses the work that is carried out there, and attracts new businesses. The entry of Valença companies in the fashion arena of the southern region of Rio de Janeiro state is beneficial, especially to make them better prepared for the Fashion Rio/Fashion Business event. Informality as a way out of the unemployment problem is a growing trend in Valença, as well as in most of Brazilian cities. In this sense, the entrepreneurs need to find favorable steps to make them feel motivated to formalize their businesses.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir os principais impactos da abertura comercial sobre o setor têxtil, através de urna pesquisa realizada entre empresários dos segmentos do setor, no período de junho de 1993 a março de 1994, bem como as estratégias de adaptação dessas empresas. O impacto J.t abertura comercial sobre os diversos setores industriais no Brasil tende a ser diferenciado e depende de alguns fatores. A hipótese central deste trabalho é a de que o processo de abertura da economia está tendo um impacto significativo sobre o setor têxtil, o que conduzirá para uma restruturação do mesmo.

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o ponto desta tese são os efeitos da globalização e a abertura de mercado na indústria têxtil brasileira e esta monografia visa demonstrar o impacto que a abertura da economia teve sobre o setor. Tratando-se de uma indústria tradicional, o setor convive com empresas em diversos níveis de modernização, onde máquinas antigas e modernas trabalham lado a lado. Para entendermos melhor a indústria têxtil vamos definir o que é o setor.

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Esta tese procura discutir a atualidade do paternalismo enquanto traço cultural das organizações brasileiras. Resgatando as raízes culturais brasileiras e apoiando-se em trabalhos de fundamentação antropológica, sociológica e psicanalítica, estabelece uma hipótese central de que o paternalismo possa ser encontrado hoje, no Brasil, tanto em empresas pequenas, onde predomina o controle de tipo paterno, quanto em empresas maiores e mais complexas, com tendência ao desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle de tipo materno, onde o paternalismo daria origem a uma versão abrasileirada deste. Pesquisa de campo de cunho etnográfico, realizada em três empresas de portes distintos do Pólo Têxtil de Americana-SP, mostrou indícios favoráveis à hipótese central, apresentando, todavia, importantes peculiaridades que, ao passo que permitem refiná-la, indicam trilhas para novos estudos. Na empresa de menor porte e complexidade, o paternalismo mostrou-se da maneira mais conhecida, nas práticas ora carinhosas, ora severas dos diretores da empresa. Nas empresas mais complexas, pudemos notar a expressão da ação dos pais que regulam o gozo dos filhos. A face protetora e a face violenta se revelam na medida em que se dá ou se restringe acesso ao amor da mãe. Nos três casos estudados, o paternalismo aparece com sua face afetiva predominado significativamente em relação à face violenta, o que parece ser elemento associado ao sucesso experimentado por tais empresas.

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Esta dissertação estuda os sistemas de controle de vendas praticados pela indústria têxtil brasileira diante das mudanças ambientais ocorridas nas últimas duas décadas. O pressuposto básico para a utilização de sistemas de controle para a equipe de vendas é que através deles é possível dirigir e influenciar as atitudes e os comportamentos dos empregados para conseguir atingir seus objetivos, havendo uma estreita relação entre a forma como a gerência comercial monitora, dirige, avalia e recompensa as atividades dos seus vendedores e a efetividade da área comercial, sendo diferenciais decisivos para atender a pressão por competitividade e as exigências do mercado quanto ao posicionamento da equipe comercial frente ao novo cenário de negócios. Da revisão teórica foram levantados os oito principais modelos de sistemas de controle e aspectos importantes que devem ser considerados para a composição do sistema de cada empresa. A pesquisa foi conduzida entre os responsáveis por equipes de vendas no segmento têxtil nos elos onde vendas industriais são realizadas. Empregaram-se técnicas empíricas para o levantamento das freqüências de incidência dos aspectos estudados e foi possível constatar que os elos de fibras e filamentos, fiação, tecelagem, malharia e beneficiamento do segmento têxtil possuem sistemas de controle pertinentes com as características de venda industrial. Os controles formais estão ligados a resultados e os controles informais estão relacionados com o acompanhamento das atividades e capacidades do vendedor. Adicionalmente buscou-se captar a percepção dos responsáveis por equipes comerciais sobre sua efetividade nos aspectos de volume de vendas, lucratividade, participação de mercado e também satisfação do cliente.

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Esta dissertação apresenta uma abordagem para a gestão do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto (PDP) para empresas do setor têxtil. A gestão refere-se à proposição de uma alternativa de modelo referencial genérico de Desenvolvimento de Produtos para este setor. Como ponto de partida apresenta-se uma análise da situação atual do desenvolvimento do setor, através de pesquisas exploratórias que revelam a necessidade de uma metodologia e definição dos processos de desenvolvimento para que as empresas possam elevar seu nível de competitividade. Para a realização da proposta, foram utilizados conceitos de Desenvolvimento Integrado de Produtos e uma análise através de pesquisa exploratória das dificuldades do setor. Como principal contribuição este trabalho apresenta um modelo referencial para auxiliar as empresas a planejarem seus processos de desenvolvimento e assim aumentarem as chances de sucesso do produto.

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The effluents released by the textile industry have high concentrations of alkali, carbohydrates, proteins, in addition to colors containing heavy metals. Therefore, a filter was prepared aiming primarily to the removal of color. In order to prepare this filter, rice hulls and diatomite were used, which have in their structure, basically amorphous hydrated silica. The silica exists in three crystalline forms: quartz, tridymite and cristobalite. In accordance with the above considerations, this study was divided into two stages; the first corresponds to the preparation of the filter and the second to carry out the tests in the effluent/filter in order to verify the efficiency of the color removal. First, the raw material was subjected to a chemical analysis and XRD, and then the diatomite was mixed, via humid, with a planetarium windmill with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % of rice husk ash. To the mixture, 5 % carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was added as a binder at room temperature. The samples were uniaxially compacted into metallic matrix of 0.3 x 0.1 cm² of area at a pressure of 167 MPa by means of hydraulic press and then sintered at temperatures of 1,000 °C, 1,200 °C and 1,400 °C for 1 h and submitted to granulometry test using laser, linear retraction, water absorption, apparent porosity and resistance to bending, DTA, TMA and XRD. To examine the pore structure of the samples scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. Also tests were carried out in a mercury porosimeter to verify the average size of the pores and real density of the samples. In the second stage, samples of the effluent were collected from a local industry, whose name will be preserved, located in Igapó, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte - RN. The effluent was first pretreated before filtration and then subjected to a treatment of flotation. The effluent was then characterized before and after filtration, with parameters of color, turbidity, suspended solids, pH, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD). Thus, through the XRD analysis the formation of cristobalite α in all samples was observed. The best average size of pore was found to be 1.75 μm with 61.04 % apparent porosity, thus obtaining an average 97.9 % color removal and 99.8 % removal of suspended solid

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Textile production has been considered as an activity of high environmental impact due to the generation of large volumes of waste water with high load of organic compounds and strongly colored effluents, toxic and difficult biodegradability. This thesis deals with obtaining porous alumina ceramic membranes for filtration of textile effluent in the removal of contaminants, mainly color and turbidity. Two types of alumina with different particle sizes as a basis for the preparation of formulation for mass production of ceramic samples and membranes. The technological properties of the samples were evaluated after using sintering conditions: 1,350ºC-2H, 1,450ºC-30M, 1,450ºC-2H, 1,475ºC-30M and 1,475ºC-2H. The sintered samples were characterized by XRD, XRF, AG, TG, DSC, DL, AA, MEA, RL, MRF-3P, SEM and Intrusion Porosimetry by Mercury. After the characterization, a standard membrane was selected with their respective sintering condition for the filterability tests. The effluent was provided by a local Textile Industry and characterized at the entry and exit of the treatment plant. A statistical analysis was used to study the effluent using the following parameters: pH, temperature, EC, SS, SD, oil and grease, turbidity, COD, DO, total phosphorus, chlorides, phenols, metals and fecal coliform. The filtered effluent was evaluated by using the same parameters. These results demonstrate that the feasibility of the use of porous alumina ceramic membranes for removing contaminants from textile effluent with improved average pore size of 0.4 micrometre (distribution range varying from 0,025 to 2.0 micrometre), with total porosity of 29.66%, and average percentages of color removal efficiency of 89.02%, 92.49% of SS, turbidity of 94.55%, metals 2.70% (manganese) to 71.52% (iron) according to each metal and COD removal of 72.80%

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This research work deals with the compilation of a dictionary on clothing terminology intended to be used as a pedagogic tool as part of the teaching and learning process in the Textile Engineering Course at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The main terms were selected and assessed by a team of textile teachers and students with the objective to be structured as a conceptual body of information on the following sub-areas of clothing terminology: materials (fabrics and trimmings) and products (garments). This research comprises three main steps: (a) characterization and understanding of the technical vocabulary in the clothing area as well as the identification of a pedagogic demand for a dictionary on clothing terminology, clearly expressed by the textile lecturers and students involved in the assessment of the need and validation of this project development; (b) a proposal for a specific methodology for the compilation of the dictionary which could help the communication process in the lecturing of clothing terminology and (c) based on the terminological principles and the technique of focal groups the dictionary was assessed. The technique of focal groups was used in the first step. In the second step the technique used was that of the terminological methodology adapted to the teaching approach in the Textile Course. In the third step the technique of focal groups was again utilized. It was observed that the main concern of lecturers and students is the lack of a standardized vocabulary, which renders difficult the communication process in both the teaching and learning activities as well as the professional ones in the textile industries. Various aspects, which can overlap, cause this lack of standardization. The main ones pointed out by the study team in the focal groups are: usage of regional words or expressions, usage of foreign words or expressions, analogies, and the low level of formal education, mainly among the industry workers. Another aspect to be considered is the lack of textile literature written in the Portuguese language of Brazil. This evidence shows the importance of a clothing terminology dictionary which will benefit both the education and professional activties in this field of knowledge. This dictionary will also give a substantial contribution to terminological standardization in our research field. With view to fulfill this demand, a dictionary of clothing terminology was compiled with 760 main entries, according to the modern practice in terminology with the necessary modifications concerning our needs. The result of the dictionary assessment was very assertive regarding its structure, contents and possible use in various contexts. The team work emphasized their contribution to the standardization process of the terms that proved to be one of the most important and difficult aspects of this researh work. The significance of this structured terminological dictionary was confirmed by the focal group participants relating to its use for teaching and learning activities, as a reference book, as a source of technical information and also as a tool for pedagogic studies and planning, as well as a significant collaboration to the pedagogic practices in the textile engineering course at University or any other educational institution. Besides, this dictionary can also be used to supply information within the textile field. We are aware that the present work will not exhaust the objectives of this research due to its limitations in opposition to the vast complexity demanded by the compilation of a complete work including all the areas and sub-areas of textile engineering. However, it is an important source for dissemination of concepts on the field of clothing terminology and a tool to effective standardization of the terms used in this subject field

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The Six Sigma methodology has received considerable attention in the last two decades. This is due to its great potencial to reduce processes variability, through the use of accurate data, facts and statistical techniques. The methodology seeks to improve the quality of products and services, maximizing the company s financial performance. Specifically, its implementation and results in medium-sized textile enterprises is unknow, although there are signs that the methodology can be applied with success. Considering this scenario, the goal of this research is to describe the application of the Six Sigma methodology in a médium-sized textile company specialized in the production of male shirts in the satate of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. First, we present a literature review, seeking to highlight the themes of quality, Six Sigma and its methodology for improvement. Then, we show the implementation of the project selected, depicting the steps and procedures that must be performed. The results confirm the efficiency of Six Sigma in providing significant gains to companies. It is observed substantial improvements in the speed of product development and the flexibility of the parts produced, reducing the process lead time from 12.5 to 6.2 days, which means a performance improvement of over 50%. This leads also to cultural and behaviour change, creating motivation for implementation of new projects and a continuous search for knowledge

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The great diversity of the textile industries activities causes the formation of wastewaters with high complex characteristics during the productive process, according to the industrial process used. The principal aim of the present work is the characterization of the wastewater from the textile industry that process the indigo, located in the Industrial District of Natal-RN, to know the contaminante load of each stage of the process and the framing of the wastewater with the standards of act of receiving of the System of Treatment of Wastewater of the Industrial District of Natal-RN SITEL-DIN, operated for the Company of Waters and Sewers of the RN CAERN. It was analyzed the following properties and pollutants agents: temperature; pH; alcalinity; color; COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand); total and suspended solids; heavy metals, thermotolerants coliformes, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. As conclusion it is distinguished that the wastewater did not get resulted satisfactory, according to comparisons with other sources, in only three parameters: turbidity, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, however none of these parameters is criteria of acts of receiving of the SITEL-DIN,therefore the wastewater if finds inside of normality. After the analysis of the obtained results it was verified that SITEL-DIN is indispensable for completing the wastewater treatment