795 resultados para Statistiques portemanteaux


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In the Ebrié lagoon fishes are mostly caught by means of 6 kinds of fishing gear: small and large mesh gillnets (respectively 1.5-2 and 6.5-8 inches stretched mesh), cast-nets and multi-hooked lines for individual fishermen, and beach seines and ring-nets for collective fishing. Statistical data gathered during 1977 allowed an estimation of total catches: about 6700 tons. The bulk of the catch, 4800 tons, came from beach nets and ring nets, the contribution of which is nearly the same. Individual fishing gear, small mesh gillnets repesenting the main part, account for 25 to 30% of total catch; about 1900 tons for year 1977. Six species, or species groups, comprise more than 85% of the catch. In the Abidjan area, where marine influence is the more noticeable, ring nets are more numerous and their catches increased since 1975. On the other hand, fish captures in unsalted and brackish waters seem to show a stagnancy and a decrease in fish lengths; this phenomenon is probably in connection with beach-seine excessive fishing effort and/or their small meshes (one inch stretched).

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Computer programs were developed to calculate the parameters commonly used in fisheries statistics: catch per unit effort, catch by species, size distribution, etc. These parameters were computed for collective fishing, purse seine and beach seine; important aspects of the artisanal fisheries in the Ebrié Lagoon.

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The authors report on the computer programmes developed in the Oceanographic Research Centre of Abidjan for the collection and treatment of statistical data on the fisheries of the asiatic trawlers in the Atlantic. They provide yield by boat, by fishing sector (5 degrees x 5 degrees) and by 15 days fishing in the Atlantic.

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The author reports on a simplified computer programme which allows the computation of only those fishery statistical data which are directly useful, particularly for the problem related with studies on sardine stocks.

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A first treatment of the statistical data of 1978 and 1979 on the collective fishing showed a decrease of total catches in the Ebrié Lagoon. The same diminution was found in the amount of smoked-fish collected in two different places of the lagoon. This fall is due to a smaller effort in the lagoon of the purse-seines in the Abidjan area and a decrease of the catches per unit of effort.

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Dans le cadre de notre mémoire, nous avons comme objectif de décrire et de comprendre comment le contexte statistique, avec son caractère quasi-proportionnel, influence le raisonnement chez les élèves au 3e cycle du primaire. D'abord, nous développons quatre problèmes. En résolvant ces problèmes, les élèves d'une classe du 3e cycle du primaire fourniront un aperçu de leur raisonnement proportionnel et statistique et des stratégies qu'ils utilisent pour la résolution de ces tâches qui favorisent un traitement statistique ou proportionnel. Le chapitre 1 de notre mémoire sert à présenter la problématique de la recherche. Ensuite, le chapitre 2 concerne le cadre conceptuel et les questions spécifiques de la recherche. Le chapitre 3 expose les considérations de la méthodologie, notamment de la description des tâches, de l'analyse et du traitement des données. Par la suite, dans le chapitre 4, nous présentons et analyserons nos données. Finalement, dans les chapitres 5 et 6, la discussion des résultats sert à mettre en relation des principaux résultats de la présente recherche. Aussi, quelques pistes à poursuivre dans d'autres recherches sont suggérées.

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Le présent cahier documente les différents programmes informatiques nécessaires à l'adaptation suisse des DRG.