Preparación y caracterización de películas delgadas de Bi?S? y CuSbS? con potencial aplicación en el diseño de celdas solares.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con especialidad en Química de los Materiales) UANL, 2014.

Tierras solares

UANL

Síntesis de estructuras nanómetricas de Sb2 S3 por medio de ultrasonido asistido con líquido iónico con potencial uso en celdas solares nanocristalinas.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Orientación en Química de los Materiales) UANL, 2010.

Diseño de celdas solares en película delgada usando CulnS? CulnSe? y AgInS? como capas absorbedoras.

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con orientación en Química de los Materiales) UANL, 2014.

Agua de Solares : fuente de salud y bienestar.

El estudio didáctico del contexto, cuyo hilo conductor será 'El agua de Solares' representa una forma de motivación y dinamización de los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje pues integra a los alumnos en el ambiente sociocultural al que pertenecen. Los objetivos propuestos son: Crear en los niños la necesidad de información y conocimiento de la realidad de nuestro propio entorno. Descubrir que los contenidos de lo cotidiano nos sirven como fuente de información y recurso, para ampliar nuestro conocimiento. Identificar los principales elementos del entorno natural, analizando sus características más relevantes, su organización e interacción, y progresando en el dominio de ámbitos cada vez más complejos. Reconocer algunas manifestaciones de la intervención humana en el medio, valorando críticamente la necesidad y alcance de las mismas. Tomar conciencia de la escasez de agua y de la necesidad de su protección. Conocer y analizar la intervención humana respecto a la utilización del agua. Sensibilizar a la Comunidad Educativa de la necesidad de aunar criterios y establecer pautas de colaboración y participación con la escuela. Posibilitar el intercambio de experiencias con otros centros de Cantabria, que hayan desarrollado un trabajo sobre las singularidades de su localidad. El proyecto se desarrollará en su mayor parte en las aulas del primer Ciclo del colegio y en visitas escolares a puntos de interés ecológico.

Curso para el aprendizaje de aplicaciones solares térmicas.

Realizado en la Facultad de Ciencias de Valladolid, por 2 profesores del centro, en el Laboratorio de Energías Renovables. Dado la importancia de las aplicaciones solares térmicas tanto para un usuario como para un profesional se considera este proyecto como una gran aportación a toda la comunidad. El proyecto incluye conceptos necesarios del sol, transmisión del calor y fundamentos de la conversión de la radiación solar. Se ha introducido el cálculo de sistemas de calentamiento de agua y se han diseñado prácticas de laboratorio relativas al rendimiento de los colectores para el calentamiento de agua y simulación de una instalación. Se presentan resultados de dichas prácticas de laboratorio, así como un CD de aplicaciones para poder cargarlo en un PC portátil. Es importante que este proyecto pueda seguir siendo ampliado con el resto de energías renovables.

Estratégias para minimizar o consumo de energia elétrica no apoio a sistemas solares de aquecimento de água

É muito difícil falar sobre aquecimento de água usando energia solar, sem falar em energia de apoio, ou auxiliar. Essa indispensável energia auxiliar, que pode ser eletricidade, gás ou um outro combustível qualquer, tem por objetivo substituir a energia solar nos dias nublados, ou complementá-la nos períodos de baixa radiação solar. Sua finalidade é manter um certo volume de água quente dentro das condições mínimas de temperatura para uso imediato. Essa energia, tão importante para a eficácia do sistema, tem sempre um custo agregado que deve ser considerado no projeto. A escolha do tipo de energia auxiliar recai justamente sobre a eletricidade por sua facilidade de controle e baixo investimento inicial. O custo da energia elétrica, contudo, é hoje alto o suficiente para que a fração elétrica no consumo de energia do sistema seja importante e passe a merecer mais atenção. Esta dissertação visa a estudar estratégias para minimizar o consumo de energia elétrica auxiliar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido através da simulação do atendimento de uma residência unifamiliar, habitada por cinco pessoas, com um consumo de água quente variável ao longo do dia e igual para todos os dias do ano. Empregou-se para as simulações de todos os casos estudados, o software TRNSYS em sua versão 14.2, (KLEIN, 1997) que demonstrou eficácia e coerência nos resultados obtidos Ao longo do trabalho foram simulados mais de setecentos casos, variando-se parâmetros como área de coletores, volume do reservatório, potência elétrica, dentre outros. Com os resultados obtidos nas simulações foram elaboradas tabelas e gráficos dos quais foi possível retirar algumas conclusões relevantes tais como a dependência do consumo de energia auxiliar com o volume do reservatório, número de coletores, potência da resistência de aquecimento e sua altura, bem como a altura do termostato. A partir dos resultados deste trabalho foi possível a elaboração de uma série de recomendações relativas a estudo e a projeto de sistemas de aquecimento solar de água quente para uso doméstico, visando à otimização na utilização do sistema de energia auxiliar.

Projeto, construção e análise de desempenho de coletores solares alternativos utilizando garrafas pet

A solar alternative system for water heating is presented. It work on a thermosiphon, consisting of one or two alternative collectors and a water storage tank also alternative, whose main purpose is to socialize the use of energy mainly to be used by people of low income. The collectors were built from the use of pets bottles, cans of beer and soft drinks and tubes of PVC, ½ " and the thermal reservoirs from a drum of polyethylene used for storage of water and garbage placed inside cylinder of fiber glass and EPS ground between the two surfaces. Such collectors are formed by three elements: pet bottles, cans and tubes absorbers. The heating units, which form the collector contains inside the cans that can be closed, in original form or in the form of plate. The collectors have an absorber grid formed by eight absorbers PVC tube, connected through connections at T of the same material and diameter. It will be presented data of the thermal parameters which demonstrate the efficiency of the heating system proposed. Relative aspects will be boarded also the susceptibility the thermal degradation and for UV for the PVC tubes. It will be demonstrated that this alternative heating system, which has as its main feature low cost, presents thermal, economic and materials viabilities

Construção de células solares de corantes fotoexcitáveis utilizando flavonóides da capsicum frutescens, pimenta malagueta

The conversion of solar energy in electric with photo-voltaic cells has been carried through exclusively with devices of semiconducting junction. To put this situation comes moving for better in them last years, thanks to a new technology of production of known solar cells as Dye Solar Cell. This proposal aims at to develop a DSC having as dye lavonoides of the Capsicum frutescens (malagueta pepper). Front is considered to evaluate the photo-voltaic parameters varies it regions of the visible specter, as well as a good efficiency of conversion

Estudo da viabilidade de uso de secadores solares fabricados com sucatas de luminárias

It presents a direct exposure to solar dryer for drying of food, built from a scrap of luminaire. The dryer works under direct exposure to natural circulation. Will be presented their methods of construction and assembly of that dryer that allows the reuse of materials, constituting a environmentally correct recycling dryer main features proposed are its low cost and simple manufacturing processes and assembly. Test results will be presented for the drying of foods that prove the feasibility and cost of thermal solar drying alternative system proposed. It is worth emphasizing the social importance that such application is for the most excluded since the value-added fruits, vegetables, legumes and other foods in relation to fresh may represent an option of income generation. It will also study the transformation of some of dry food meal and demonstrated that the drying times for the foods tested are competitive and sometimes pointed in the solar literature

Viabilidade de utilização de um compósito de matriz cerâmica com cargas recicláveis na fabricação de equipamentos solares

Composite materials can be defined as materials formed from two or more constituents with different compositions, structures and properties, which are separated by an interface. The main objective in producing composites is to combine different materials to produce a single device with superior properties to the component unit. The present study used a composite consisting of plaster, cement, EPS, tire, PET and water to build prototype solar attempt to reduce the manufacturing cost of such equipment. It was built two box type solar cookers, a cooler to be cooled by solar energy, a solar dryer and a solar cooker concentration. For these prototypes were discussed the processes of construction and assembly, determination of thermal and mechanical properties, and raising the performance of such solar systems. Were also determined the proportions of the constituents of the composite materials according to specific performance of each prototype designed. This compound proved to be feasible for the manufacture of such equipment, low cost and easy manufacturing and assembly processes

Protetores solares

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Um estudo da abundância de lítio, rotação, atividade cromosférica e magnetismo das estrelas análogas e gêmeas solares

The study physical process that control the stellar evolution is strength influenced by several stellar parameters, like as rotational velocity, convective envelope mass deepening, and magnetic field intensity. In this study we analyzed the interconnection of some stellar parameters, as Lithium abundance A(Li), chromospheric activity and magnetic field intensity as well as the variation of these parameters as a function of age, rotational velocity, and the convective envelope mass deepening for a selected sample of solar analogs and twins stars. In particular, we analyzed the convective envelope mass deepening and the dispersion of lithium abundance for these stars. We also studied the evolution of rotation in subgiants stars, because its belong to the following evolutionary stage of solar analogs, and twins stars. For this analyze, we compute evolutionary models with the TGEC code to derive the evolutionary stage, as well as the convective envelope mass deepening, and derive more precisely the stellar mass, and age for this 118 stars. Our Investigation shows a considerable dispersion of lithium abundance for the solar analogs stars. We also realize that this dispersion is not by the convective zone deep, in this way we observed which the scattering of A(Li) can not be explained by classical theories of mixing in the convective zone. In conclusion we have that are necessary extra-mixing process to explain this decrease of Lithium abundance in solar analogs and twins stars. We analyzed the subgiant stars because this are the subsequent evolutionary stage after the solar analogs and twins stars. For this analysis, we compute the rotational period for 30 subgiants stars observed by Co- RoT satellite. For this task we apply two different methods: Lomb-Scargle algorithm, and the Plavchan Periodogram. We apply the TGEC code we compute models with internal distribution of angular momentum to confront the predict results with the models, and the observational results. With this analyze, we showed which solid body rotation models are incompatible with the physical interpretation of observational results. As a result of our study we still concluded that the magnetic field, convective envelope mass deepening, and internal redistribution of angular momentum are essential to explain the evolution of low-mass stars, and its observational characteristics. Based on population synthesis simulation, we concluded that the solar neighborhood presents a considerable quantity of solar twins when compared with the discovered set nowadays. Altogether we foresee the existence around 400 solar analogs in the solar neighborhood (distance of 100 pc). We also study the angular momentum of solar analogs and twins, in this study we concluded that added angular momentum from a Jupiter type planet, putted in the Jupiter position, is not enough to explain the angular momentum predicted by Kraft law (Kraft 1970)