Segregation in Minds

In this paper, I explore socio-spatial segregation from a particular perspective, which may probably be considered a novelty in the investigation of spatial social patterns, as it focuses on questions such as: What kind of distinction occurs between socio-spatial patterns designated by statistical data and the cognitive representations of those patterns in people's minds? and What explains these diff erences, and what kind of impact can they generate?

A youth vision of the city: The socio-spatial lives and exclusion of street girls in Bogota, Colombia

This dissertation documents the everyday lives and spaces of a population of youth typically constructed as out of place, and the broader urban context in which they are rendered as such. Thirty-three female and transgender street youth participated in the development of this youth-based participatory action research (YPAR) project utilizing geo-ethnographic methods, auto-photography, and archival research throughout a six-phase, eighteen-month research process in Bogotá, Colombia. ^ This dissertation details the participatory writing process that enabled the YPAR research team to destabilize dominant representations of both street girls and urban space and the participatory mapping process that enabled the development of a youth vision of the city through cartographic images. The maps display individual and aggregate spatial data indicating trends within and making comparisons between three subgroups of the research population according to nine spatial variables. These spatial data, coupled with photographic and ethnographic data, substantiate that street girls’ mobilities and activity spaces intersect with and are altered by state-sponsored urban renewal projects and paramilitary-led social cleansing killings, both efforts to clean up Bogotá by purging the city center of deviant populations and places. ^ Advancing an ethical approach to conducting research with excluded populations, this dissertation argues for the enactment of critical field praxis and care ethics within a YPAR framework to incorporate young people as principal research actors rather than merely voices represented in adultist academic discourse. Interjection of considerations of space, gender, and participation into the study of street youth produce new ways of envisioning the city and the role of young people in research. Instead of seeing the city from a panoptic view, Bogotá is revealed through the eyes of street youth who participated in the construction and feminist visualization of a new cartography and counter-map of the city grounded in embodied, situated praxis. This dissertation presents a socially responsible approach to conducting action-research with high-risk youth by documenting how street girls reclaim their right to the city on paper and in practice; through maps of their everyday exclusion in Bogotá followed by activism to fight against it.^

Hierarchical spatial segregation of two Mediterranean vole species : the role of patch-network structure and matrix composition

Acknowledgments This study was financed by FEDER funds through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade— COMPETE, and National funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT, within the scope of the projects PERSIST (PTDC/BIA-BEC/105110/2008), NETPERSIST (PTDC/ AAG-MAA/3227/2012), and MateFrag (PTDC/BIA-BIC/6582/2014). RP was supported by the FCT grant SFRH/BPD/73478/2010 and SFRH/BPD/109235/2015. PB was supported by EDP Biodiversity Chair. We thank Rita Brito and Marta Duarte for help during field work. We thank Chris Sutherland, Douglas Morris, William Morgan, and Richard Hassall for critical reviews of early versions of the paper. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments to improve the paper.

Hierarchical spatial segregation of two Mediterranean vole species: the role of patch‑network structure and matrix composition

According to ecological theory, the coexistence of competitors in patchy environments may be facilitated by hierarchical spatial segregation along axes of environmental variation, but empirical evidence is limited. Cabrera and water voles show a metapopulation-like structure in Mediterranean farmland, where they are known to segregate along space, habitat, and time axes within habitat patches. Here, we assess whether segregation also occurs among and within landscapes, and how this is influenced by patch-network and matrix composition. We surveyed 75 landscapes, each covering 78 ha, where we mapped all habitat patches potentially suitable for Cabrera and water voles, and the area effectively occupied by each species (extent of occupancy). The relatively large water vole tended to be the sole occupant of landscapes with high habitat amount but relatively low patch density (i.e., with a few large patches), and with a predominantly agricultural matrix, whereas landscapes with high patch density (i.e.,many small patches) and low agricultural cover, tended to be occupied exclusively by the small Cabrera vole. The two species tended to co-occur in landscapes with intermediate patch-network and matrix characteristics, though their extents of occurrence were negatively correlated after controlling for environmental effects. In combination with our previous studies on the Cabrera-water vole system, these findings illustrated empirically the occurrence of hierarchical spatial segregation, ranging from withinpatches to among-landscapes. Overall, our study suggests that recognizing the hierarchical nature of spatial segregation patterns and their major environmental drivers should enhance our understanding of species coexistence in patchy environments.

Some questions about the Metropolitan Areas in Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo and Santiago regions

Among the numerous problems that are common to the Latin-American metropolises, such as the deep socio-spatial segregation, the impressive territorial fragmentation and the real estate valorisation that overvalues some territories, whilst it depreciates others, we have chosen to focus on the management of the metropolitan regions. That question clearly indicates that due to the great current changes of the economical restructuring - a process that strengthened the capitalist logic of social development - the traditional form of thinking urban planning has found its limits. Consequently, this issue of metropolitan management shows the need to look for new ways of metropolitan administration that can answer to the The main metropolitan regions of South America: Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo and Santiago form our references to characterize the recent changes from a territorial point of view on the one hand; and relative to the new determinations of the metropolis on the other hand. This leads us to discuss the challenges that metropolitan management face in a scenario of governability fragmentation.

Expansão urbana e o Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida na região metropolitana da Grande Vitória

Discute as contribuições do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) no processo de formação e expansão do espaço urbano da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RGMV), analisando especificamente a produção das moradias destinadas às famílias de baixa renda até R$ 1.600,00. Busca compreender as características operacionais do Programa e suas implicações sobre o espaço socialmente construído e na vida cotidiana das pessoas. A metodologia analítica foi estruturada com base em dados quantitativos, obtidos em órgãos públicos, sobre a produção habitacional desde o lançamento do Programa (2009) até janeiro de 2014. Os dados foram distribuídos por território e faixa de rendimento das famílias. Como estudo de caso foram pesquisadas três áreas na RMGV, nos municípios de Cariacica, Vila Velha e Vitória por possuírem projetos relevantes do PMCMV em diferentes fases de execução. A pesquisa abrange projetos distribuídos em cinco fases de execução (previstos, em aprovação, aprovados, em construção e entregues). Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com moradores do conjunto habitacional do PMCMV em Vitória; moradores vizinhos aos empreendimentos do PMCMV em Vila Velha; comerciantes; presidente da associação de moradores de bairros; empregados das construtoras e servidores públicos. Foram feitas pesquisas de campo nas áreas selecionadas e nos territórios do entorno de onde estão sendo implantadas as moradias de interesse social. O Programa tem alcançado resultados expressivos: sendo 3.2 milhões de unidades foram contratadas e 1.5 milhão entregues em 5 anos no Brasil. No mesmo período foram 46.879 e 15.295 no Espírito Santo e na RMGV foram 25.919 e 6.958 unidades contratadas e entregues respectivamente. O PMCMV continua a reproduzir historicamente contradições inerentes às políticas habitacionais antecedentes como submissão às estratégias do mercado capitalista e à reprodução de um modelo de crescimento urbano caracterizado pela segregação socioespacial, além de promover a ocupação de novos espaços periféricos das cidades atuando como vetor de expansão urbana da RMGV.

Parque Lineal El Virrey 2006 - 2010: análisis de la aplicación de estrategias de inclusión contenidas en las políticas públicas de Bogotá en un espacio público significativo

Este estudio de caso hace principal énfasis en las estrategias de inclusión contenidas en la Política Pública de Mujer y Género y la Política Pública de Juventud con el fin de identificar su efectividad dentro del contexto Distrital y Local. Dicha identificación se realiza a través de la revisión de los programas específicos ejecutados entre 2006 a 2010, contenidos en los planes de desarrollo Distritales y Locales dirigidos a los grupos poblacionales específicos mujeres y jóvenes en el espacio público de la ciudad de Bogotá. Acto seguido, se centra la atención en el objeto de análisis de este trabajo, el Parque Lineal El Virrey Norte, en donde se establece la existencia o inexistencia de acciones concretas de inclusión social de carácter Distrital para contrarrestar el fenómeno de segregación socioespacial existente en la capital desde hace varios años, como se señala al inicio del trabajo. Finalmente, se analizan las Encuestas Bienales de Cultura de los años 2007 y 2009 realizadas por el Observatorio de Culturas con el objeto de comparar las tendencias existentes en la ciudad y en la localidad Chapinero, donde se localiza el espacio público significativo analizado en este estudio de caso, de las mujeres y jóvenes directamente relacionadas con inclusión social.

Estado del arte sobre la producción institucional y de la teoría crítica en torno al derecho a la ciudad.

Puede entenderse la ciudad como una manifestación de las disputas surgidas desde el plano de lo social. En ese mismo sentido surge el concepto del derecho a la ciudad, entendido en términos generales como aquel que se tiene para decidir el tipo de urbe y su organización. Así, este derecho ha estado limitado a la construcción de espacios propicios para la acumulación de capital, para una élite minoritaria capaz de configurar la ciudad, generando un caos urbano que se evidencia en la segregación socio-espacial, abultando las arcas de los poderosos a la vez que se aíslan a las mayorías trabajadoras del ejercicio el derecho a cambiar y reinventar la ciudad para satisfacer sus necesidades y garantizar sus sueños.

Exclusão social e projetos habitacionais. Um estudo sobre conjuntos habitacionais, segregação e exclusão social em Natal/RN

In Natal s urban growth process it is given that the performance period of the National Housing Bank (BNH, 1964-1986) was marked by the intense expansion of the urban grid and configuration of outskirts, through the construction of social housing developments. Implanted in segregated areas of the existing formal city, the population installed in these complexes was also excluded from their rights, considering that the housing defines itself not only by the physical dwelling, but also by its access to urban infrastructure, facilities, services, and others. From this reality and the verification of the city s exclusion and sociospatial segregation processes, we aimed to quantitatively demonstrate levels of social exclusion in Natal, based on the methodology developed by Sposati (2000) and adapted by Genovez (2002), which relates IBGE s (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) database underlying variables such as income, schooling and dwelling s quality. The research unveiled some spatial patterns promoted by the social housings: in these areas islands were developed with higher indicators than surrounding areas, revealing internal hierarchies in the city s outskirts

As transformações fundiárias da comunidade de sibaúma-rn com o advento do turismo

The genesis of the research emerges from reflection about the space dynamics of the capital and to the capital. The expansion and the incorporation of territory for capital reveal, in part, strategies of the capitalism production way, which shows the search for accumulation conditions, expanding the alternatives of territory use that is, nowadays, selective and uneven. The present work verified the mechanisms where the capital imposes its practices through the agrarian structure and the valuation of land market, meaning, in our knowledge, that the reproduction of inequalities is showed, many times, by the wide land speculation and the fast land valuation. For this, the snip space will be the Sibaúma community, belonging to Tibau do Sul district, located in Rio Grande do Norte state. It‟s a rural area that has, gradually, changing through the advent of urban characteristics, given the association of public and private investments, both domestic and international. Through the empirical observations, inside the Sibaúma community, it was found expansion strategies, incorporation and appropriation of territory by capital. As a result of this practice, it‟s occurring the land valuation and the presence of a process of socio-spatial segregation, through the encouraging the opening of new subdivisions, mainly for construction of second homes and tourism enterprises in order to meet the demand of a higher socioeconomic level. The areas still available in Sibaúma, constitute into a reserve of value for the achievement of capitalist rent, being a mechanism of capital reproduction. In this way, to studying the socio-spatial transformations, caused by spatial valuation, we turn to the project of social space designed by Santos(2006), from the perspective of capitalist production of space, by understanding the historical process of formation, the mechanisms and the actions of social actors that produce and consume space

Centralidade urbana e lutas sociais: a associação dos favelados de Piracicaba

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Territórios de autossegregação e de segregação imposta: fragmentação socioespacial em Marília e São Carlos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A ação do Estado e do mercado imobiliário no processo de segregação sócioespacial em bairros na zona leste de Teresina

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

O processo de segregação sócio-espacial no contexto do desenvolvimento econômico da cidade de Rondonópolis - MT

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE