Efectos macroeconómicos de la progresividad en los sistemas de seguridad social: una aplicación al caso de los Estados Unidos

[ES] Este trabajo estudia los potenciales efectos macroeconómicos de una reforma que aumente la progresividad del sistema de Seguridad Social de los Estados Unidos de América. Condicionados por los supuestos del modelo, los resultados abogan por un aumento en el bienestar social con un determinado aumento de la progresividad. Esto es debido a que la redistribución total de la renta de los más pudientes a los que cuentan con menos recursos origina un contexto de menor bienestar social. Además, los resultados respaldan la validez del tipo de cotización como herramienta para ajustar el nivel de progresividad del sistema y rechazan la tasa de reemplazo de la pensión como mecanismo para conseguir dicho fin.

Beyond the United States and Japan: Testing Yamagishi's emancipation theory of trust across 31 nations

We examined the relationship between Individualism/Collectivism and generalized social trust across 31 European nations participating in the European Social Survey. Using multi-level regression analyses, the current study provides the first empirical investigation of the effects of cultural norms of Individualism/Collectivism on generalized social trust while accounting for individuals' own cultural orientations within the same analysis. The results provide clear support for Yamagishi and Yamagishi (1994) emancipation theory of trust, showing a significant and positive relationship between Individualism/Collectivism and generalized social trust, over and above the effect of a country political history of communism and ethnic heterogeneity. Having controlled for individual effects of Individualism/Collectivism it is clear that the results of the current analysis cannot be reduced to an individual-level explanation, but must be interpreted within the context Of macrosocial processes. We conclude by discussing potential mechanisms that could explain why national individualism is more likely to foster trust among people than collectivism.

Influences on immigrant students' perceptions of the chances of making it in the United States

This study examined immigrant minority students' perceptions of race relations and of the chances for social mobility in the United States (U.S.) using cohort samples of West Indian (N = 173) and Haitian (N = 191) students. The Students' responses collected during the 6th and 7th, 8th and 9th grades were analyzed to determine whether perceptions of racial mistrust, teacher derogation and social mobility varied depending on the student's length of stay in the U.S. or self-concept. Quantitative methodology was applied to data extrapolated from a larger epidemiological longitudinal study consisting of 7,386 middle school students in Miami (Vega and Gil, 1998). ^ Results show that West Indian and Haitian students' perceptions of racial mistrust, teacher derogation and social mobility were associated more with student's self-concept than length of stay. Students with more favorable self-concepts reported greater optimism toward social mobility than those with less favorable self-concepts. Results also indicate that in the context of parental education and SES that racial mistrust is the strongest predictor of these students' level of optimism towards social mobility. ^

Influences on immigrant students' perceptions of the chances of making it in the United States

This study examined immigrant minority students' perceptions of race relations and of the chances for social mobility in the United States (U.S.) using cohort samples of West Indian (N=173) and Haitian (N=191) students. The Students' responses collected during the 6th and 7th, 8th and 9th grades were analyzed to determine whether perceptions of racial mistrust, teacher derogation and social mobility varied depending on the student's length of stay in the U.S. or self-concept. Quantitative methodology was applied to data extrapolated from a larger epidemiological longitudinal study consisting of 7, 386 middle school students in Miami (Vega and Gil, 1998). Results show that West Indian and Haitian students' perceptions of racial mistrust, teacher derogation and social mobility were associated more with student's self-concept than length of stay. Students with more favorable self-concepts reported greater optimism toward social mobility than those with less favorable self-concepts. Results also indicate that in the context of parental education and SES that racial mistrust is the strongest predictor of these students' level of optimism towards social mobility.

Social security oversight [microform] : hearing before the Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate, Ninety-seventh Congress, first session ... Washington, D.C.

Pt. 3: "June 24, 1981."

Early retirees under Social Security : health status and economic resources /

"August 2000."

Are social security changes working? [microform] : a report from the field : hearing before the Subcommittee on Retirement Income and Employment of the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, April 21, 1989.

"Comm. pub. no. 100-723 [i.e. 101-723]."

Allegations of bias within the social security disability program : hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, September 22, 1992.

Shipping list no.: 93-0203-P.

The social security program in the United States.

Mode of access: Internet.

An interim report from the National Commission on Social Security to the President and Congress of the United States.

Cover title.

Social Security : opportunities to improve productivity at program service centers : report to the Honorable William Proxmire, United States Senate /

"B-224936"--P. 1.

Linkages with data from Social Security administrative records in the Health and Retirement Study /

"August 1999."

Social security : sustained effort needed to improve management and prepare for the future : report to the Commissioner, Social Security Administration / United States General Accounting Office.

"B-251113"--P. [1].

Social security as a retirement resource for near-retirees /

"May 2005."