The Kids Need Hip-Hop: Reengaging Students through Culturally Relevant Pedagogy

My thesis advocates for critically-conscious hip-hop in classrooms to promote student engagement and culturally relevant pedagogical practices. This proposed approach to educating youth offsets the harmful effects of a normalized curriculum that limits students’ creativity and discounts their experiences as lifelong learners. My thesis gathers data from research literature on hip-hop and education, critically-conscious hip-hop lyrics, and also includes my own hip-hop muse to illustrate the positive tenets of critically-conscious hip-hop. The research literature in my thesis is gathered from multiple studies within North American high schools. My hip-hop muse interrelates with critically-conscious hip-hop lyrics because they both address contemporary issues through social commentary and critical awareness. The element of social commentary in my hip-hop muse is displayed through short poems and verses that outline my experiences in a normalized schooling environment. Throughout my thesis, I uncover the causes of student disengagement in classrooms, the ways in which critically-conscious hip-hop music serves as a tool for reengaging youth, and the approaches that must be taken in order to adequately integrate hip-hop into today’s classrooms. My thesis is important within the context of Canadian classrooms because it acts as an agent for social change and cultural relevance through a critical lens. The purpose of this approach, then, is to demonstrate an understanding of the complexity of our society and schooling system through social critique and proposals for change. More importantly, my thesis is grounded in equity; in which critically-conscious hip-hop serves as a bridge for students’ experiences, interests, and independent identities.

Travailler autrement: critiques et pratiques alternatives

La « critique sociale » doit être comprise comme étant la capacité d’exprimer, d’afficher et d’exercer sa différence. Par ailleurs, la capacité d’exprimer sa différence est étroitement liée à l’état d’égalité. En revanche, ce sont les inégalités sociales qui poussent à l’homogénéisation. Alors, comment les personnes qui subissent les inégalités sociales peuvent-elle échapper à l’homogénéisation et devenir agents de critique sociale et moteurs de changement ? Autrement dit, faut-il donner raison à Marcuse sur le fait qu’une véritable remise en question du modèle dominant ne peut qu’émerger à la marge ? On peut penser que c’est là le rôle des organismes communautaires, même s’il arrive que le modèle dominant les récupère pour en faire un organe d’intégration des forces en opposition. Notre premier objectif de recherche est donc de voir s’il existe une critique concernent le travail chez les personnes interviewées. En outre, notre second objectif est de voir si le fait d’être à la marge permet de développer un rapport contestataire au modèle dominant de travail.

Uranium à Sept-Îles : ethnographie d'un refus. Essai de résistance populaire.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise traite d’un phénomène social critique qui a gagné en importance au Québec : la montée des groupes de résistance populaire contre des projets d’exploitation des ressources naturelles. À partir d’une étude de cas, l’auteur tâche ici d’approfondir les questions relatives à ces luttes collectives tout en mettant en lumière les diverses modalités d’engagement qui, par leurs registres et leurs compositions en « systèmes-experts », se répercutent dans l’espace public tout en transformant, d’une certaine manière, l’arène politique. Ces dynamiques des mouvements de résistance tendent également à s’infléchir en amont des projets de développement, pour se matérialiser en aval, soit dès les premières phases d’appropriation territoriale, c’est-à-dire les premiers travaux exploratoires comme tels. Cette enquête de terrain se focalise sur ces enjeux. En prenant comme observatoire le projet de Terra Ventures à Sept-Îles, en région nord-côtière, concernant un projet d’exploration uranifère, l’auteur insiste sur les multiples références collectives qui sont autant de perspectives pour comprendre ce phénomène. À travers l’étude de cette résistance populaire qui s’est profilée contre ce projet d’exploration, c’est l’industrie minière au Québec, son histoire, ses mythes, et sa mémoire qui est, enfin, en trame de fond.

El humor judío femenino argentino contemporáneo en la narrativa de Alicia Steimberg, Silvia Plager y Ana María Shúa

En la creación literaria latinoamericana del siglo XX, la narrativa de los autores judíos ha proseguido un trayecto aparte, casi silencioso, en relación con la escritura canónica del continente. No obstante, hacia los años setenta, surge una producción literaria judía femenina que hoy ha alcanzado un renombre internacional. Esta tesis estudia la peculiaridad literaria del humor judío femenino argentino contemporáneo en torno a la definición de la identidad y rol de género, para comprender cómo se resignifica la hibridez cultural en el texto literario. El humor como catarsis de conflictos problematiza la relación entre lo propio y lo ajeno mediante una puesta en tela de juicio de la realidad para manifestarse como una preocupación, una responsabilidad y un compromiso crítico. A través del análisis de las obras de Alicia Steimberg, Silvia Plager y Ana María Shúa, la investigación reconfigura la vida judía diaspórica y el sentido de ser mujer respecto a la importancia del ámbito culinario en cuanto al influjo de la modernidad argentina en la tradición judía. En este estudio, se analizarán las novelas Músicos y relojeros, Como papas para varenikes y Risas y emociones de la cocina judía donde las diferentes reflexiones de Steimberg, Plager y Shúa en relación con la historia judía elaboran discursos con singulares diferencias en la intención humorística. En la primera parte de la tesis, se hará mención de diversas perspectivas teóricas que destacan las implicaciones psicológicas, sociales y psicoanalíticas respecto al humor en general, el humor de la minoría, el humor femenino y el humor judío. En los tres capítulos subsiguientes, se procederá a una lectura de los textos antes mencionados para interpretar las preocupaciones de nuestro tema frente a los dictámenes que la religión y sociedad desean imponer. Finalmente, la conclusión aborda la evolución de una visión entre humor negro, humor como crítica social y humor como lúdico juego en paralelo con una búsqueda de la identidad híbrida actualizada mediante una crítica de lo tradicional.

Difference and equality: A critical theorist analysis of post-modern philosophy

The following paper is a critical theorist analysis of post-structuralist philosophy. It examines the omission of an economic critique in post-structuralism and describes this omission as the result of a particular flaw in Nietzsche's epistemological work, an error which has persisted all the way down through deconstruction, post-colonialism, and cultural studies. The paper seeks to reintroduce an economic critique of capitalism back into the social critique of post-structuralism, with the promise that the combination of the two will prove stronger than either critical theory or post-structuralism alone. To achieve this it reinterprets Marx' concept of metabolism as a critical economic category that mirrors post-structuralism's concept of differance.

De aquí a mañana: expectativas a futuro en jóvenes de la Comuna IV de Soacha

Los jóvenes que afrontan un aislamiento social tienen expectativas de movilidad social como cualquier otro sector o clase social, basadas en la educación como vehículo principal para salir de la pobreza. Pese a ello, la valoración de la educación se produce en un nivel discursivo, ya que factores como la violencia barrial, el embarazo adolescente y la necesidad de generar ingresos, entre otros, compiten y a menudo ganan a las expectativas educativas de esos jóvenes.

Lo extraficcional en La casa de los locos y La Señorita Ecuador, las primeras novelas de Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco (Del Fabulador)

El autor analiza, en las dos primeras novelas escritas por Pareja Diezcanseco, elementos externos de la estructura del mundo novelado, proporcionados por la voz extraficcional (prefacios, epílogos, notas de pie de página). La casa de los locos es la sátira de una sociedad en anarquía, que presenta la actuación caótica de las clases sociales dirigentes y prefigura a los sodalios deformes de Las pequeñas estaturas, en ella es de gran importancia el «liminar», en el que la voz extraficcional presenta su poética de la escritura: ésta puede ser un arma de combate cultural e ideológico. En La Señorita Ecuador, uno de los elementos extraficcionales, el epílogo, aclara y justifica la designación del texto como novela. Estos elementos constituyen, en ambos textos, indispensable contrapunto para entender el sentido y la crítica social implícitos en las ficciones textuales.

Humberto Salvador: biografía armable y desarmable de un «proscrito interior» (Dossier: Cuatro narradores del 30, relecturas en su centenario)

El autor recoge varios testimonios que retratan al hombre detrás del narrador guayaquileño. Humberto Salvador fue marcadamente tímido, y acaso ello lo volvió el cronista y testigo más veraz de su época. Soportó tensiones con la moral burguesa y cristiana por su condición de hijo ilegítimo, actor social de la naciente clase media ecuatoriana, laboró en la docencia, la promoción cultural y la consulta psicoanalítica. Pero la máxima pasión de Salvador fue la literatura, más que reconocimiento para sus novelas, buscó sobre todo interlocutores para este ejercicio, renovándose en el cultivo de múltiples poéticas. Lector atento y deseoso buscó involucrarse con lo que sucedía en su tiempo, la denuncia en sus obras responde a una valerosa voluntad de reparación social y su interés por el psicoanálisis, a un deseo de reconciliarse con su situación personal y de proseguir su reflexión sobre la condición humana. Finalmente se pasa revista a las influencias literarias de Salvador, cerrando con ello un retrato complejo, plenamente humano, del vanguardista guayaquileño.

Alasdair Gray`s 1982 Janine (1984): a postmodernist scottish novel

Alasdair Gray is now an established figure in the Scottish literary scene and has numerous claims to be considered an important voice writing in English. First Lanark: A Life in Four Books (1981) and then 1982 Janine (1984) contributed to the recognition of Gray as one of the founding fathers of the new Scottish writing and as a figure of importance in international contemporary fiction due to his innovative, experimental and postmodernist novels. As the title of this dissertation - “Alasdair Gray’s 1982 Janine (1984): A Postmodernist Scottish Novel” - suggests, it aims at analysing the author’s second novel, 1982 Janine (1984), in a thematic and formal perspective, in order to justify the choice of the terms - Postmodernist and Scottish - to classify this novel. 1982 Janine projects a world through Jock McLeish’s mind and is a powerful stream-of-consciousness narrative. Jock is an alcoholic who lives a personal crisis and, therefore, tries to escape from his depressing reality through sexual fantasies and political diatribes. During a single night in a Scottish hotel room, he drinks and dreams, and spends the whole night alone with his fantasies and fears, his memories and hopes. In Chapter 11, the most daring experimental section of the novel, Jock attempts to commit suicide by taking an overdose of tablets with alcohol but fails. Following this, he decides to review his life and make for a new beginning; the novel thus closing with an optimistic note. Also, the narrative is based on a constant interweaving of sex fantasy with political satire, that is, it is through his protagonist that Gray manages to convey the state of Scotland as well as the concerns and aspirations of the Scottish people and then, proceed to a political and social critique. This dissertation appears structured in three chapters. In Chapter I - “Alasdair Gray: A Postmodernist Scottish Writer” - I present Gray as a powerful postmodernist writer who also sees himself as a Scottish author, and more particularly as a Glaswegian, who concentrates on Scottish subject matter in his literary work. In a first section, I offer a brief survey of the Scottish literary scene from the fourteenth to the twentieth century, in order to understand Gray’s choice of setting and themes and to check his influence or indebtedness to previous Scottish authors. As 1982 Janine is also a good example of selfconscious experimental writing, in a second section, I present various seminal fictional works that introduced and developed experimentalism in British fiction, in order to evaluate the influence of modernist developments in form and technique on recent experimental writing. The third section consists of an introduction to Gray’s work for he is not only a novelist, but also an artist, a playwright, a poet, an activist and a scholar. Chapter II - “Postmodernist Features in 1982 Janine” - aims at listing and examining the postmodernist devices that the novel includes, in what content and form are concerned. On the one hand, the use of a developed type of the modernist stream of consciousness, the presence of a protagonist who feels entrapped in a specific system, the quest for freedom, the incoherence and fragmentation of time, the nonchronological order of the narrative, the blending of fantasy and “reality”, as well as the importance of the Scottish material are definitely current aspects within postmodernist literature that can be found in Gray’s novel. On the other hand, the handling of literary self-conscious devices, such as typographical experimentation, presence of metafiction and intertextuality, and inclusion of an Epilogue, are likewise among recurrent postmodernist features. As the title - “A Narratological Analysis of 1982 Janine” - evidences, Chapter III offers a description of the mechanics of the narrative and its functioning in order to better understand the narrative technique of postmodernist fiction. This study is based primarily on Gérard Genette’s theoretical framework and terminology, presented in Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method, an analytical tool that allows me to provide a more objective and scientific analysis. Hence, I follow the Genettian division of narrative discourse in Time, Mood and Voice while examining the novel. Finally, I proceed to a description of the intertextual relationships 1982 Janine establishes with other texts.

Loucura: a temática que constrói o discurso da obra Hospício é Deus, de Maura Lopes Cançado

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Eduardo Zamacois: attività editoriale e opera letteraria

Eduardo Zamacois (Pinar del Río, 1873- Buenos Aires, 1971) was a main actor of the spanish’s literature and edition movement from the first third of the 20th century. He was the founder of magazines that had a big impact like “Germinal”, introductive of the sicalipsis (“La Vida Galante”) or so innovative that deserved an special chapter in the history of literature (“El Cuento Semanal” e “Los Contemporáneos”). With this work, it is intended to recreate the most significant stages from his autobiography adventure including the new information that offers his non before published letters exchange with his last sentimental partner. As a writer, his work was very popular in his homeland, translated to the world and reissued in Ibero-America. His literature work is based in three different phases. He began with the use of gallant literature (with books like La enferma, Punto negro) and took an adventure with the pays of mystery and irony (El otro, El misterio de un hombre pequñito, La opinion ajena) to finally focused in a narrative style of a realistic kind, that includes social critique (Las raíces). His last published novel in Spain is a portrait of Madrid during its long siege by the nationalist troops (El asedio de Madrid), a profound tribute to the people’s heroism and a declaration of love to the capital, that was his place of residence for a long time. While his exile, that took him to Cuba, New York and Buenos Aires, he worked in the radio, the dubbing industry and in finishing his most detailed bibliography, Un hombre que se va, a valuable document of that time.

Dutch boundaries

In many schools of architecture the 1970s have been an important watershed for the way in which architecture was taught. For example, recent studies have stressed the importance of Aldo Rossi for the changes in the teaching of architec-ture at the ETH in Zürich that before was based on orthodox modern principles. A similar struggle between an orthodox conception of modernity and its criticism took place at the architectural faculty of Delft, in the Netherlands. Although Delft is an important European school of architecture, the theoretical work produced during this period is not largely known outside the Netherlands. This is perhaps due to the fact that most studies were published in Dutch. With this article, I intend to make the architectural theory developed during this period known to a larger public. The article describes the intellectual journey made by Dutch stu-dents of architecture in the 1970s and 1980s. This was the quest to receive recognition for the intellectual substance of architecture: the insight architecture could be a discourse and a form of knowledge and not only a method of building. Specifically, the work of the architectural theoretician Wim Nijenhuis is highlight-ed. However, as I point out in this article, the results of this journey also had its problematic sides. This becomes clear from the following sentence taken from the dissertation of Wim Nijenhuis: "The search for metaphysical fiction and the tendency towards a technological informed absolute through fully transparent and simultaneous information, should be contested by a fantasy dimension, that does not wish to 'overcome' a given situation and that does not rely on 'creativi-ty' (that would still be historical and humanistic)." Texts like this have a hermet-ic quality that is not easy to comprehend for an architectural public. Even more, there is an important debate looming behind these sentences. As an important outcome of their quest the architectural students in Delft asked themselves: how do we give form to architectural theory once its claim to truth is exposed as an illusion? For Nijenhuis, the discourse about architecture is a mere 'artful game with words': a fiction, besides other forms of fiction like poetry or literature. The question is then if we have not entered the realm of total subjectivity and relativ-ism with this position. From what can the discourse of architecture derive its authority after the death of God?

Does culture really matter in sports participation? The impact of socio-cultural factors on sports behaviour in Switzerland

The physical activity of the Swiss population differs considerably depending on the linguistic region. German speakers are more often physically active than people living in the French or Italian-speaking part of Switzerland (Stamm & Lamprecht, 2011). This study analyses how socio-cultural factors correlate with sports participation for adolescents and young adults. In order to analyse this research question, Bourdieu’s concept of habitus (1984) has been adapted and used as a theoretical background. This sport-related concept of habitus considers culturally determined values, the attribution of meaning and patterns of action such as the understanding of sports, the importance of sports, body, health or leisure. On this basis, the sport-related habitus and the practical relevance of sports participation has been empirically reconstructed for adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25 through a qualitative study including guideline-based interviews with German (n=6) and French (n=4) speaking adolescents and young adults, as well as a quantitative survey in a German (n=106) and a French (n=99) speaking commune of Switzerland. Initial findings reveal that young German speakers associate sports with self-discipline (χ²(1, N=205)= 8.223, p<.005, V=.200) and fitness (χ²(1, N=205)= 21.989, p<.005, V=.328) whereas young French speakers are more likely to relate health (χ²(1, N=205)= 9.455, p<.005, V=.215), effort and perspiration (χ²(1, N=205)= 18.835, p<.005, V=.303) to sports. Similarly, the understanding of body and health as well as the attitude towards leisure differs between the German and French speaking parts of Switzerland. This study illustrates that the concept of sports habitus is culturally shaped and therefore may be fruitful in further analyses. Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Stamm, H. & Lamprecht, M. (2008). Swiss sports participation in an international perspective. European Journal for Sport and Society, 8 (1+2), 15-29.

'Arrimarse a los buenos' : Necesidades vitales y artificiales en el Lazarillo

La presente nota analiza el recorrido de Lázaro de Tormes a través de su estadía con diferentes amos e identifica varios elementos que le permiten afirmar que la multiplicidad de sentidos, sobre la cual trabaja la obra, responde a un proyecto integral de crítica y puesta en evidencia de la crisis de los diversos sistemas de relaciones sociales: financiero, de intercambio, religioso, judicial, relaciones interpersonales, de costumbres. El autor señala como fuente de dicha crisis la falta de distinción entre necesidades reales y aparienciales

La Educación en Ciencias como un llamado a la acción

Este artículo considera que tanto la educación en Ciencia, Tecnología, Sociedad y Ambiente (CTSA) como las formas convencionales de la enseñanza de problemas socio-científicos (PSC) son inadecuadas para satisfacer las necesidades e intereses de los y las estudiantes que se enfrentan con demandas, problemas y asuntos de la vida contemporánea. Se defiende un acercamiento educativo mucho más politizado, con un mayor énfasis en la crítica social, la clarificación de valores y la acción socio-política, a través de un enfoque basado en problemas que puede convivir con el currículo convencional basado en disciplinas. Para ello, es necesario que la confrontación de cuestiones, la consideración de los valores subyacentes y la acción sean totalmente integrados al currículum