Chloroplast protein and centrosomal genes, a tRNA intron, and odd telomeres in an unusually compact eukaryotic genome, the cryptomonad nucleomorph

Cells of several major algal groups are evolutionary chimeras of two radically different eukaryotic cells. Most of these “cells within cells” lost the nucleus of the former algal endosymbiont. But after hundreds of millions of years cryptomonads still retain the nucleus of their former red algal endosymbiont as a tiny relict organelle, the nucleomorph, which has three minute linear chromosomes, but their function and the nature of their ends have been unclear. We report extensive cryptomonad nucleomorph sequences (68.5 kb), from one end of each of the three chromosomes of Guillardia theta. Telomeres of the nucleomorph chromosomes differ dramatically from those of other eukaryotes, being repeats of the 23-mer sequence (AG)7AAG6A, not a typical hexamer (commonly TTAGGG). The subterminal regions comprising the rRNA cistrons and one protein-coding gene are exactly repeated at all three chromosome ends. Gene density (one per 0.8 kb) is the highest for any cellular genome. None of the 38 protein-coding genes has spliceosomal introns, in marked contrast to the chlorarachniophyte nucleomorph. Most identified nucleomorph genes are for gene expression or protein degradation; histone, tubulin, and putatively centrosomal ranbpm genes are probably important for chromosome segregation. No genes for primary or secondary metabolism have been found. Two of the three tRNA genes have introns, one in a hitherto undescribed location. Intergenic regions are exceptionally short; three genes transcribed by two different RNA polymerases overlap their neighbors. The reported sequences encode two essential chloroplast proteins, FtsZ and rubredoxin, thus explaining why cryptomonad nucleomorphs persist.

Viral capsid mobility: A dynamic conduit for inactivation

Mass spectrometry and fluorescent probes have provided direct evidence that alkylating agents permeate the protein capsid of naked viruses and chemically inactivate the nucleic acid. N-acetyl-aziridine and a fluorescent alkylating agent, dansyl sulfonate aziridine, inactivated three different viruses, flock house virus, human rhinovirus-14, and foot and mouth disease virus. Mass spectral studies as well as fluorescent probes showed that alkylation of the genome was the mechanism of inactivation. Because particle integrity was not affected by selective alkylation (as shown by electron microscopy and sucrose gradient experiments), it was reasoned that the dynamic nature of the viral capsid acts as a conduit to the interior of the particle. Potential applications include fluorescent labeling for imaging viral genomes in living cells, the sterilization of blood products, vaccine development, and viral inactivation in vivo.

Lawyer's form book, 1793-1805

Lawyer's form book containing sample forms for legal documents, compiled by most likely Walter Franklin Esq. of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Pamphlets - homoeopathic.

Title from spine.

Minorities in higher education.

Mode of access: Internet.

Chronicles of Turkeytown; or, The works of Jeremy Peters [pseud.] 1st ser. Containing the history of a dreadful catastrophe, the amours of Dr. Post and Mrs. Peweetle, and the history of a tatterdemalion ...

Wright I, 2475.

The origin and history of missions; a record of the voyages, travels, labors, and successes of the various missionaries, who have been sent forth by Protestant societies and churches; compiled from authentic documents.

First published, London, 1824-25, by Thomas Smith.

The wonders of nature and art; or, A concise account of whatever is most curious and remarkable in the world; whether relating to its animal, vegetable and mineral productions, or to the manufactures, buildings and inventions of its inhabitants, compiled from historical and geographical works of established celebrity, and illustrated with the discoveries of modern travellers.

Mode of access: Internet.

De recta et emendata linguae anglicae scriptione dialogus (1568) hrsg.

Appeared in part as the editor's inaugural dissertation, Giessen, 1912 (70 p.)

What Germany thinks; the war as Germans see it,

Mode of access: Internet.

A letter to the Right Hon. the Earl of Liverpool : on the new coinage.

Mode of access: Internet.

Le cabinet du jeune naturaliste ou Tableaux intéressans de l'histoire des animaux ... /

Todos los vol. constan de port. grab. con el tit.: "Le cabinet du naturaliste ou Esquisses intéressantes de l'histoire des animaux"

De Republica Anglorum...

Mode of access: Internet.

Reports of cases in the Supreme Court of the State of Indiana : including all the cases of importance argued and decided from the commencement of the May term, 1848 to the close of the November term, 1849 /

Binder's title: Indiana reports.

A treatise on the right use of the Fathers in the decision of controversies existing at this day in religion /

Mode of access: Internet.