Miscellaneous ornithological papers.

At head of title: The Willughby Society.

The hard times. Agricultural development the ture remedy.

Mode of access: Internet.

Annual message of his excellency Franklin J. Moses, Jr., Governor of South Carolina, to the General Assembly at the regular session of 1872-73

Governor Moses calls on South Carolinians to endeavor to become a respected member of the United States following the U.S. Civil War. His message addresses the status of the national debt, South Carolina public education, the South Carolina Orphan Asylum, the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum, the state penitentiary, the state’s quarantine of small pox, the revenue-generating phosphate deposits in the state, immigration to the state, the state’s flagship university, current state legislation, and the state militia.

Office of the City Clerk, St. Catharines Records, 1928-1974, n.d.

The site of present-day St. Catharines was settled by 3000 United Empire Loyalists at the end of the 18th century. From 1790, the settlement (then known as "The Twelve") grew as an agricultural community. St. Catharines was once referred to Shipman's Corners after Paul Shipman, owner of a tavern that was an important stagecoach transfer point. In 1815, leading businessman William Hamilton Merritt abandoned his wharf at Queenston and set up another at Shipman's Corners. He became involved in the construction and operation of several lumber and gristmills along Twelve Mile Creek. Shipman's Corners soon became the principal milling site of the eastern Niagara Peninsula. At about the same time, Merritt began to develop the salt springs that were discovered along the river which subsequently gave the village a reputation as a health resort. By this time St. Catharines was the official name of the village; the origin of the name remains obscure, but is thought to be named after Catharine Askin Robertson Hamilton, wife of the Hon. Robert Hamilton, a prominent businessman. Merritt devised a canal scheme from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario that would provide a more reliable water supply for the mills while at the same time function as a canal. He formed the Welland Canal Company, and construction took place from 1824 to 1829. The canal and the mills made St. Catharines the most important industrial centre in Niagara. By 1845, St. Catharines was incorporated as a town, with the town limits extending in 1854. Administrative and political functions were added to St. Catharines in 1862 when it became the county seat of Lincoln. In 1871, construction began on the third Welland Canal, which attracted additional population to the town. As a consequence of continual growth, the town limits were again extended. St. Catharines attained city status in 1876 with its larger population and area. Manufacturing became increasingly important in St. Catharines in the early 1900s with the abundance of hydro-electric power, and its location on important land and water routes. The large increase in population after the 1900s was mainly due to the continued industrialization and urbanization of the northern part of the city and the related expansion of business activity. The fourth Welland Canal was opened in 1932 as the third canal could no longer accommodate the larger ships. The post war years and the automobile brought great change to the urban form of St. Catharines. St. Catharines began to spread its boundaries in all directions with land being added five times during the 1950s. The Town of Merritton, Village of Port Dalhousie and Grantham Township were all incorporated as part of St. Catharines in 1961. In 1970 the Province of Ontario implemented a regional approach to deal with such issues as planning, pollution, transportation and services. As a result, Louth Township on the west side of the city was amalgamated, extending the city's boundary to Fifteen Mile Creek. With its current population of 131,989, St. Catharines has become the dominant centre of the Niagara region. Source: City of St. Catharines website http://www.stcatharines.ca/en/governin/HistoryOfTheCity.asp (January 27, 2011)

Desenvolvimento e produção de mel de colônias de abelhas tiúba, Melipona fasciculata Smith, 1854 (Apidae: Meliponina), em diferentes modelos de colmeias e localidades do Maranhão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Relação entre longevidade e forrageio em operárias de Melipona fasciculata Smith, 1854 (Apidae, Meliponini) em ambiente tropical

A longevidade em insetos sociais pode ser condicionada por inúmeros fatores, como por exemplo, as condições ambientais que podem alterar o comportamento de forrageio das abelhas para suprir as necessidades do ninho. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os fatores que afetam a longevidade das abelhas sem ferrão em ambientes amazônicos. Dessa forma, em três colônias da abelha sem ferrão Melipona fasciculata, foram marcadas individualmente 91 abelhas na estação chuvosa e 109 abelhas na estação seca onde foram registrados diariamente o número de abelhas sobreviventes, a idade de início de forrageio e o tempo gasto em atividades de forrageio, em cada época. Durante a estação chuvosa a longevidade máxima foi de 80 dias enquanto que na estação seca a máxima longevidade foi de 56 dias. A longevidade de operárias foi diferente entre as estações do ano (teste de log-rank p=0,0000), assim como a idade de início de forrageio (U=552; p=0,0000). A longevidade apresentou correlação com a idade de início de forrageio na estação chuvosa (Spearman R=0,23) e seca (Spearman R=0,17), onde observamos que abelhas que forrageavam em idade mais jovem viviam menos do que abelhas que começavam a forragear em idades mais avançadas. Abelhas que forrageavam mais jovens e, no entanto, apresentavam longevidade maior do que outras abelhas, alternavam dias de forrageio e dias dentro do ninho, o que as permitiu aumentar sua longevidade em relação a aquelas que forrageavam vários dias consecutivos. Durante a estação chuvosa apenas um parâmentro da modelagem Weibull foi similar ao observado nas colônias de M. fasciculata, enquanto que durante a estação seca, o padrão de sobrevivência estimado foi totalmente diferente do padrão real. A função de risco apresentou comparativamente diferenças entre as estações, onde as operárias no período seco apresentaram uma probabilidade de morte até duas vezes maior do que no período de chuvas, o que provavelmente torna muito difícil estimar com precisão o padrão de sobrevivência destes insetos. Dessa forma, concluímos que M. fasciculata assim como outras espécies, apresenta longevidade diferenciada entre dois períodos do ano e que a idade de início de forrageio, em parte, pode nos ajudar a compreender o padrão de mortalidade desta espécie de abelha.

Catharine Waugh McCullouch papers in the Mary Earhart Dillon collection, 1869-1945

Collection primarily documents McCulloch's research on women's legal status, and her work with the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and the League of Women Voters. There is also documentation of women in the legal profession, of McCulloch's friendships with the other women suffragists and lawyers, and some biographical material. The papers contain little information about her family or social life.

Catalogue and index to authors, of the Franklin Library : and by-laws of the Franklin Library Association, Hudson N.Y., March, 1872.

Pages partly blank.

John Adams Smith letter, Jan. 14, 1813

Transcript: New York Jan. 14. 1813. My dear uncle, I had nearly concluded to have made my [jaunt?] earlier than I had mentioned in my last letter to you, for Swartout had intended to have written by me to Father & yourself; having [Louisa?] concluded not so soon to depart he sends me his letters which I forward in mail, I shall hope to have letters from home soon, it is a great pleasure to hear from any of you. I said last week in Hollands letter mentioning [bladeworth?] account, I have explained to him. It is a mistake about me agreeing to pay Mr. [Dening?] [their?] account. Caroline mentions to me your jaunt to [Sophia?], but I regret our friend there should be unpleasantly situated. I have not yet seen Col. Willett but will see him as mentioned. I have neglected to go there for some time which has been remiss in me. We have nothing new I believe unless it be that Armstrong & Jones of Philadelphia have been nominated as Secretarys of War & the Navy & [cer?] this in all probability may be appointed. There may be room for speculation, but perhaps it is not probable that Canada will be ceded to American Valor in the year 1813. There is a Bill before congress by which it may be made penal to enter on board American vessels, either British subjects or naturalized Americans, which it is presoomed by many will [spon?] the accommodation of Peace – may be yes may be no – the proof of the pudding is in the eating of it. I imagine pacification is not so near at hand although it is much to be desired. Whatever might be for the honor & prosperity of the Country I would strenuously advocate, aloof from partial & party considerations. We have not a word as yet what the Council at Albany may be thinking of as yet. I suppose these things will come in time, perhaps untimely to many. I desire for the present not to be found among the untimely. I am your sincerely, with love to all. John Adams Smith

Informações biológicas e estimativa do tamanho ideal da colmeia para a abelha tiúba do Maranhão (Melipona compressipes fasciculata Smith - Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)