Avaliação postural computadorizada de colaboradores no ambiente de trabalho

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Estudo dos problemas ergonômicos da posição sentada em bancários

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da distribuição de cargas e das forças entre asseno e encosto, na postura sentada adequada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Treino de correspondência: efeitos sobre a postura sentada em escolares

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência do mobiliário na coordenação motora fina e no controle postural de alunos com paralisia cerebral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da reeducação postural global (RPG) sobre a distribuição do peso corporal e atividade eletromiográfica na postura sentada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Postura sentada de crianças com paralisia cerebral: influência da utilização do apoio de membros superiores

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aplicação de princípios de ergonomia no atendimento odontológico

The dentist has been suggested as a professional vulnerable to labor risks mainly related to working posture. This study examined the application of ergonomics principles during the dental attendances made by university student of the last period of the Araçatuba Dental University. Twenty-four attendants were photographed and the images were digitally analyzed for the verification of 10 requirements that determine a healthy labor posture, defined by the project ISO Standard / TC 106/SC 6 N 411. It was observed that 50% of items from the check list obtained higher percentages of negative replies. The students had greater difficulties as to the correct position of the angle between the upper and lower leg when sitting, the ideal adjustment of the light focus reflector in the field of work and the patient positioning. It was concluded that the dental attendances were held without compliance with the ergonomic requirements. The greatest difficulties regarding the work posture were the sitting posture, the light beam and the patient positioning. Students need better guidance about ergonomic principles and requirements, which should occur at any time of life, but earliest they are installed, greater the benefits, assimilation and incorporation of adequate working postures will be. We need a reform that addresses all sectors of the dental system, so that learning and application of ergonomics in dentistry become effective, efficient and effective.

Study of older child restraint/booster seat fit and NASS injury analysis. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Anthropomorphic dummy positioning and repeatability measurements. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Vehicle Crashworthiness, Washington, D.C.

Confounding physiologic parameters in pulse transit time monitoring of children

Pulse Transit Time (PTT) measurement has showed potential in non-invasive monitoring of changes in blood pressure. In children, the common peripheral sites used for these studies are a finger or toe. Presently, there are no known studies conducted to investigate any possible physiologic parameters affecting PTT measurement at these sites for children. In this study, PTT values of both peripheral sites were recorded from 64 children in their sitting posture. Their mean age with standard deviation (SD) was 8.2 2.6years (ranged 3 to 12years). Subjects' peripheries path length, heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured to investigate any contributions to PTT measurement. The peripheral pulse timing characteristic measured by photoplethysmography (PPG) shows a 59.5 8.5ms (or 24.8 0.4%) difference between the two peripheries (p

Relación entre estrés y desórdenes músculo esqueléticos en trabajadores de una empresa de transporte terrestre de pasajeros, Bogotá, 2015.

Introducción. Los conductores de transporte terrestre de pasajeros están expuestos a factores de riesgo inherentes a su labor, por lo que la intervención sobre estos factores es un aspecto relevante en las empresas de transporte público dado que dicha actividad afecta la calidad de vida de los mismos. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de estrés en el lugar de trabajo y los factores de riesgo biomecánicos asociados en trabajadores de una empresa de transporte terrestre de pasajeros. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal con datos secundarios procedentes de una población de 219 empleados, de los cuales 13 eran administrativos y 206 laboraban en la operación de una empresa de transporte terrestre de pasajeros. Las variables incluidas fueron socio demográficas, laborales, variables relacionadas con la medición de estrés y síntomas osteomusculares. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas de tendencia central y dispersión y para identificar los factores asociados con el estrés se utilizaron pruebas de asociación Chi2 y prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 43 años (DS 10 años), siendo en su mayoría trabajadores de sexo masculino (96,3%). Se presentaron síntomas y factores de riesgo biomecánicos en cuello y espalda en un 55.5%. Se encontró asociación significativa entre estrés con los síntomas en pies (p=0,009), con los factores de riesgo biomecánicos, se encontró relación significativa con el tiempo que permanece adoptando las posturas de inclinación hacia delante (p=0,000) y hacia atrás (p=0,001) de espalda/tronco y las posturas en muñecas, (p=0,000), y a la exposición de los conductores a superficies vibrantes (asientos de vehículo) (p=0,021). No se encontró asociación significativa entre estrés y la postura de sedente. Conclusiones: Con este estudio se encontró una prevalencia de estrés de 78% en el lugar de trabajo y de los factores de riesgo biomecánicos asociados a antigüedad, postura y repetitividad de movimientos, con repercusiones en cuello y espalda lumbar, por lo tanto, se requiere de un seguimiento a las condiciones de salud y trabajo para los empleados del sector transporte.

The relationship between forward head posture and cervical muscle performance in healthy individuals

Background Forward head postures (FHP) are proposed to adversely load cervical spine structures. Neck muscles provide support for the neck, and thus an imbalance in neck muscle performance could potentially contribute to the development of FHP. Previous studies have not considered the interaction of multiple muscle groups with regard to postural orientation. Given the interdependence of muscles along the cervical spine for optimal orientation and physical support of the vertebral column, the performance of a single muscle group may not accurately reflect the coordinated ability of the muscles to maintain a neutral neck posture. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between FHP and the balance between the cervical extensor and flexor muscle groups in healthy individuals. We hypothesised that the magnitude of FHP would be associated with the strength and endurance performance ratios between the cervical extensor and flexor muscle groups. Methods Twenty male and 24 female volunteers were photographed in the sagittal plane wearing surface markers. The FHP of each participant was measured via the tragus-sternum marker distance over two conditions: (1)in relaxed standing and (2)during a sustained sitting task. Maximal strength (Nm) and endurance (s) performance of the extensor and flexor muscle groups were recorded at the upper (craniocervical flexion/extension (CCF/CCE)) and lower (cervicothoracic flexion/extension (CTF/CTE)) cervical regions. Muscle performance measures were expressed as extension:flexion ratios and their relation to FHP evaluated. A stepwise multiple regression analysis using backward elimination was utilised to examine the relationship between the postural measures and the muscle performance ratio measures. Separate models were used for the two different postural conditions (standing, sustained sitting). Gender was included as a constant correction factor in all regression models. Where gender was a significant variable in the model, analyses were repeated separately for males and females. Results Greater FHP in standing was significantly associated with reduced proportional CTE to CCF strength in females (R2 = 0.21, P = 0.03) and greater proportional CTE to CTF strength in males (R2 = 0.23, P = 0.03). A greater drift into FHP during sustained sitting was associated with a relative reduction in CCE endurance proportional to CTF endurance in females only (R2 = 0.27, P = 0.017). Conclusion(s) This initial study indicates that the balance in performance between the cervical flexor and extensor muscle groups may impact FHP in healthy individuals. However, the findings were inconsistent across different muscle performance ratios and gender. Larger scale studies are therefore now needed to further clarify the relationship between FHP and muscle performance. Implications The findings suggest that relative performance of the various cervical muscle groups needs to be accounted for when considering postural correction strategies in the clinical setting, as is often recommended.

Disruption of sitting balance after stroke: influence of spoken output

Objectives: To identify the extent of dual task interference between cognitive and motor tasks, (cognitive motor interference (CMI)) in sitting balance during recovery from stroke; to compare CMI in sitting balance between stroke and non-stroke groups; and to record any changes to CMI during sitting that correlate with functional recovery. Method: 36 patients from stroke rehabilitation settings in three NHS trusts. Healthy control group: 21 older volunteers. Measures of seated postural sway were taken in unsupported sitting positions, alone, or concurrently with either a repetitive utterance task or an oral word category generation task. Outcome measures were variability of sway area, path length of sway, and the number of valid words generated. Results: Stroke patients were generally less stable than controls during unsupported sitting tasks. They showed greater sway during repetitive speech compared with quiet sitting, but did not show increased instability to posture between repetitive speech and word category generation. When compared with controls, stroke patients experienced greater dual task interferences during repetitive utterance but not during word generation. Sway during repetitive speech was negatively correlated with concurrent function on the Barthel ADL index. Conclusions: The stroke patients showed postural instability and poor word generation skills. The results of this study show that the effort of verbal utterances alone was sufficient to disturb postural control early after stroke, and the extent of this instability correlated with concomitant Barthel ADL function.

Fat infiltration in the lumbar multifidus and erector spinae muscles in subjects with sway-back posture

Decreased activity of the lumbar stabilizer muscles has been identified in individuals with sway-back posture. Disuse can predispose these muscles to atrophy, which is characterized by a reduced cross-sectional area (CSA) and by fat infiltration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of fat infiltration in the lumbar multifidus and lumbar erector spinae muscles as a sign of the muscle atrophy in individuals with sway-back posture, with and without low back pain. Forty-five sedentary individuals between 16 and 40 years old participated in this study. The sample was divided into three groups: symptomatic sway-back (SSBG) (n = 15), asymptomatic sway-back (ASBG) (n = 15), and control (CG) (n = 15). The individuals were first subjected to photographic analysis to classify their postures and were then referred for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the lumbar spine. The total (TCSA) and functional (FCSA) cross-sectional areas of the lumbar erector spinae together with lumbar multifidus and isolated lumbar multifidus muscles were measured from L1 to S1. The amount of fat infiltration was estimated as the difference between the TCSA and the FCSA. Greater fat deposition was observed in the lumbar erector spinae and lumbar multifidus muscles of the individuals in the sway-back posture groups than in the control group. Pain may have contributed to the difference in the amount of fat observed in the groups with the same postural deviation. Similarly, sway-back posture may have contributed to the tissue substitution relative to the control group independently of low back pain. The results of this study indicate that individuals with sway-back posture may be susceptible to morphological changes in their lumbar erector spinae and lumbar multifidus muscles, both due to the presence of pain and as a consequence of their habitual posture.